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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pruritus adalah keluhan subyektif terbanyak yang membuat pasien datang ke poliklinik kulit, dan dua pertiga di antaranya adalah pruritus kronik. Kuesioner 5-D Itch Scale 5DIS adalah alat pengukuran pruritus kronik yang memenuhi berbagai aspek alat pengukuran pruritus sesuai rekomendasi International Forum for the Study of Itch IFSI . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner 5DIS berbahasa Indonesia untuk menilai keluhan pruritus kronik di Indonesia.Metode: Naskah 5DIS asli berbahasa Inggris diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia sesuai dengan pedoman adaptasi lintas budaya dari International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research ISPOR . Tiga set kuesioner, yaitu skala gatal 5 dimensi, Dermatology Life Quality Index DLQI , dan Visual Analogue Scale VAS diberikan kepada pasien pruritus kronik di poliklinik IKKK RSUPNCM. Reliabilitas diuji menggunakan Cronbach a. Validitas konvergen dan konkuren diuji menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan Spearman.Hasil: Adaptasi lintas budaya 5DIS menghasilkan sebuah naskah skala gatal 5 dimensi. Ketiga set kuesioner diisi dengan lengkap oleh 34 orang. Rentang usia subjek penelitian SP adalah 18 hingga 83 tahun, dengan rerata usia 56,7 15,7 tahun. Nilai Cronbach a 0,679 untuk kelima ranah skala gatal 5 dimensi menunjukkan tingkat reliabilitas yang dapat diterima. Hasil uji validitas konvergen didapatkan korelasi yang kuat dan bermakna antara skor butir-butir dan skor total skala gatal 5 dimensi dengan nilai koefisien korelasi adalah 0,636-0,760. Hasil uji validitas konkuren didapatkan korelasi yang kuat dan bermakna antara skala gatal 5 dimensi dengan kuesioner DLQI dan skala VAS.Kesimpulan: Skala gatal 5 dimensi merupakan alat pengukuran yang valid dan reliabel untuk menilai keluhan pruritus kronik pada pasien dewasa dan lansia di Indonesia.Kata kunci: pruritus kronik, pengukuran, 5-D itch scale, skala gatal 5 dimensi, validitas, reliabilitas

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ABSTRACTBackground Pruritus is a major subjective complaint in dermatology clinic, two thirds of them are chronic pruritus. International Forum for the Study of Itch recommends 5 D Itch Scale 5DIS as a multidimensional measurement tools for chronic pruritus assessment. The objective of this study is to test the validity and reliability of 5DIS in Indonesian language for chronic pruritus symptoms in Indonesia.Method The original 5DIS was translated into Indonesian language using cross cultural adaptation guideline from International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research ISPOR . Three sets of questionnaire 5DIS in Indonesian language, Dermatology Life Quality Index DLQI , and Visual Analogue Scale VAS , were administered to chronic pruritus patients in dermatovenereology clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Reliability was tested using Cronbach rsquo s a. Convergent and concurrent validity was tested using Pearson correlation and Spearman rsquo s rho.Result Cross cultural adaptation resulted a 5DIS in Indonesian language. All questionnaires were completed by 34 people between 18 to 83 years old mean 56.7 15.7 years old . Cronbach rsquo s a for five domains of 5DIS was 0,679. There was significant strong correlation between items scores and total scores of 5DIS r 0.636 to 0.760 . There was significant strong correlation between 5DIS in Indonesian language and DLQI, also between 5DIS in Indonesian language and VAS.Conclusion 5DIS in Indonesian language is a valid and reliable instrument to assess chronic pruritus symptoms on adult and geriatric patients in Indonesia.Keywords chronic pruritus, measurement, 5 D itch scale in Indonesian language, validity, reliability "

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Akne vulgaris AV merupakan inflamasi kronik pada unit pilosebasea. Beberapa penelitian telah meneliti kadar 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 OH D] serum pada pasien AV dengan hasil bervariasi, namun umumnya rendah. Kadar vitamin D diduga terpengaruh oleh pajanan sinar matahari, letak geografis, ras/tipe kulit, dan asupan makanan, sehingga mungkin temuan di Indonesia akan berbeda daripada penelitian terdahulu di luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar 25 OH D serum dan hubungan dengan derajat keparahan, lesi inflamasi, noninflamasi, dan total lesi AV. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 30 subjek penelitian SP, direkrut secara consecutive sampling, terbagi rata ke dalam kelompok AV ringan AVR, AV sedang AVS, dan AV berat AVB berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann. Faktor risiko AV yang berkaitan dengan vitamin D pajanan sinar matahari, penggunaan tabir surya, suplementasi, jumlah lesi, dan kadar 25 OH D serum dinilai pada seluruh SP. Hasil : Median kadar 25 OH D serum pada kelompok AVR, AVS, dan AVB yaitu 16,3 9,1- 17,8 ng/mL, 12,7 9,6-15,6 ng/mL, dan 9,35 4,9-10,9 ng/mL Median pada kelompok AVR dan AVS lebih tinggi dibandingkan AVB.

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Background and objective: Acne vulgaris AV is chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Several studies have investigated the levels of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D 25 OH D in AV patients with varying outcomes, but mostly decreased. Vitamin D levels are thought to be affected by sun exposure, geographical location, race skin type, and food intake, that research in Indonesia may yield different results. This study aimed to determine the level of serum 25 OH D and its association with the severity and the number of inflammatory, noninflammatory, and total AV lesions.

Methods: This cross sectional study included 30 patients. Subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling, grouped equally into mild, moderate, and severe AV based on Lehmann's classification. The risk factors for inadequate vitamin D such as sun exposures, sunscreen, and suplements, the number of lesions, and serum 25 OH D levels were assessed on all subjects.

Results: The median concentrations of serum 25 OH D in the three groups were respectively 16.3 9.1 17.8 ng mL, 12.7 9.6 15.6 ng mL, and 9.35 4.9 10.9 ng mL p."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris AV adalah penyakit kulit yang ditandai dengan terjadinya sumbatan dan peradangan kronik pada unit pilosebasea. Penelitian sebelumnya tentang kadar lipid darah pada pasien AV menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Lipid darah diduga memengaruhi aktivitas kelenjar sebasea. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar lipid darah dan kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV, serta mengetahui korelasi kadar lipid darah dengan kadar sebum kulit wajah. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap 30 pasien AV non-obesitas, yang terbagi berdasarkan tiga derajat keparahan AV. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dan kadar sebum kulit wajah pada SP. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV r = 0,6689, p = 0,0001 . Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dengan derajat keparahan AV. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara sebum kulit wajah dengan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar lipid darah tidak memengaruhi keparahan AV dan kadar sebum, sedangkan peningkatan kadar sebum kulit wajah dapat meningkatkan keparahan AV. Kata kunci: akne vulgaris; kadar sebum; lipid darah.

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Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Previous studies about blood lipids in acne patients revealed variable results. Blood lipids were considered affecting sebum production.

Objective: To identify the correlation between blood lipids, sebum excretion rate and acne severity. This study also determines the correlation between blood lipids and sebum excretion rate.

Methods: This study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. This was a cross sectional study with total of 30 non obese AV patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of AV. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL serum and sebum excretion rate were measured.

Results: The results revealed significant correlation between sebum excretion rate and severity of acne vulgaris r 0,6689, p 0,0001 . There were no correlation between total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, HDL and acne severity. Blood lipids had no correlation with sebum excretion rate.

Conclusion: The results of this study has proven that blood lipids does not affect the severity of acne and sebum excretion rate. While increased sebum secretion would increase acne severity. Keywords acne vulgaris blood lipids sebum excretion."

"[ABSTRAKAkne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit menahun folikel pilosebasea yang banyak dijumpai remaja dan dewasa muda. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya hubungan antara seng dan AV. Penelitian dengan desain kasus kontrol ini bertujuan mencari hubungan kadar seng serum dengan derajat keparahan AV berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann dan dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi. Tujuh puluh subyek dengan AV, terdiri atas 35 AV ringan (AVR) [kelompok A] dan 35 AV sedang (AVS) dan AV berat (AVB) [kelompok B] berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann diperiksakan kadar seng serum yang diukur menggunakan Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hasil kadar seng serum kelompok A median (min-maks) 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L dan kelompok B median (min-maks) 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Kadar seng serum kelompok A lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok B (p<0,001). Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi pada AV(r -0,488). Sebagai tambahan didapatkan korelasi negatif kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi non inflamasi (r-0,582) ataupun total lesi AV (r-0,662). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kadar seng serum berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan AV menurut klasifikasi Lehmann, yakni kadar seng serum lebih rendah pada AV derajat berat dan sedang dibandingkan derajat ringan, dan sejalan dengan hubungannya terhadap jumlah lesi, baik inflamasi, non inflamasi, dan total lesi.

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ABSTRACTAcne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann?s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann?s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions.;Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann?s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann?s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions., Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann’s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann’s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann’s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan : Hubungan seksual anal reseptive usia muda pada LSL meningkatkan penularan infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), dan infeksi menular seksual lainnya sehingga dapat menimbulkan abnormalitas sitologi anus. Kekerapan hubungan seksual anus pada LSL menyebabkan trauma berulang pada anus juga menimbulkan abnormalitas sitologi anus. Hal ini menyebabkan LSL rentan menderita kanker anus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan terdapatnya hubungan antara coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive dan infeksi HIV terhadap abnormalitas gambaran sitologi anus dengan anal pap smear. Metode: Penelitian ini berdesain potong lintang pada 99 LSL di Puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Dilakukan wawancara tentang coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive, dan jumlah pasangan. Juga pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan serologis HIV dan pengambilan spesimen anal swab untuk pemeriksaan sitologi anus. Hasil: Proporsi gambaran abnormal sitologi adalah 15,2% dan seluruhnya ASCUS, tidak ditemukan LSIL dan HSIL. Gambaran abnormal sitologi anus berdasarkan kelompok usia coitarche dan kelompok pasangan seksual anal receptive seumur hidup terbanyak adalah usia coitarche >19 tahun dan pasangan seumur hidup < 24 orang. Gambaran abnormal sitologi anus pada kelompok berdasarkan jumlah pasangan dalam 3 bulan terakhir dan kekerapan hubungan seksual perminggu adalah sebanding. Pada 51 SP HIV positif didapatkan 17,6% ASCUS dan pada 48 SP HIV negatif didapatkan 12,5% ASCUS. LSL dengan gambaran klinis kutil peri anus ditemukan 30,3% ASCUS (RP 5,30; 95%IK 1,6417,19) Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara usia coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive, dan infeksi HIV dengan abnormalitas sitologi anus.

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ABSTRACTBackground and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. ;Background and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. , Background and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. ]"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Xerosis kutis sering ditemukan pada lanjut usia lansia . Aplikasi pelembap merupakan tatalaksana utama. Pelembap mengandung humektan, misalnya laktat dan urea, dapat memperbaiki hidrasi dan disfungsi sawar kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efikasi dan keamanan antara krim pelembap yang mengandung amonium laktat 12 dan urea 10 dalam mengatasi xerosis kutis pada populasi lansia. Metode: Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dengan subjek kelompok berpasangan dilakukan pada 40 orang penghuni panti werdha di Jakarta. Evaluasi specified symptom sum score SRRC , skin capacitance SCap , transepidermal water loss TEWL , dan efek samping dilakukan pada awal terapi, minggu kedua dan keempat terapi, serta minggu kelima seminggu setelah terapi dihentikan. Hasil: Penurunan nilai SRRC dan TEWL, peningkatan nilai SCap, setelah empat minggu tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok terapi dengan nilai p masing-masing 1,000; 0,636; dan 0,601. Pada minggu kelima, terjadi peningkatan nilai SRRC dan TEWL serta penurunan nilai SCap minggu keempat pada kedua kelompok, namun masih lebih baik daripada nilai dasar dan minggu kedua terapi. Tidak ditemukan efek samping subjektif dan objektif pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Efikasi dan keamanan krim pelembap yang mengandung amonium laktat 12 sama baiknya dengan krim pelembap yang mengandung urea 10 dalam mengatasi xerosis kutis pada populasi lansia. Kata kunci: amonium laktat 12 ; lanjut usia; urea 10 ; xerosis kutis

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ABSTRACTBackground Xerosis cutis is widely known in geriatric population. Application of moisturizer is the treatment.. Moisturizer with humectant property, e.g lactate and urea, could restore skin hydration and barrier dysfunction. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety between moisturizing cream containing 12 ammonium lactate and 10 urea in geriatric population with xerosis cutis. Methods A double blind randomized controlled trial with matching paired subject was conducted on 40 residents of a nursing home in Jakarta. Evaluation of specified symptom sum score SRRC , skin capacitance SCap , transepidermal water loss TEWL , and side effects were measured at baseline, week 2 and week 4 after therapy, and week 5 one week after therapy cessation. Results The decrease of SRRC and TEWL score, increase of SCap score after four weeks of therapy between two group yield no statistical different p 1.000 p 0.636 p 0.601 respectively . On the fifth week, SRRC and TEWL score were increased and SCap score was decreased compared to the fourth week, but they are still better than the score on baseline and the second week. No objective and subjective side effects were found. Conclusions The efficacy and safety of moisturizing cream containing 12 ammonium lactate are the same as 10 urea in treating xerosis cutis of geriatric population. Keywords 12 ammonium lactate 10 urea geriatric xerosis cutis"

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris AV adalah penyakit kulit yang ditandai dengan terjadinya sumbatan dan peradangan kronik pada unit pilosebasea. Penelitian sebelumnya tentang kadar lipid darah pada pasien AV menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Lipid darah diduga memengaruhi aktivitas kelenjar sebasea. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar lipid darah dan kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV, serta mengetahui korelasi kadar lipid darah dengan kadar sebum kulit wajah. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap 30 pasien AV non-obesitas, yang terbagi berdasarkan tiga derajat keparahan AV. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dan kadar sebum kulit wajah pada SP. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV r = 0,6689, p = 0,0001 . Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dengan derajat keparahan AV. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara sebum kulit wajah dengan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar lipid darah tidak memengaruhi keparahan AV dan kadar sebum, sedangkan peningkatan kadar sebum kulit wajah dapat meningkatkan keparahan AV.

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Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Previous studies about blood lipids in acne patients revealed variable results. Blood lipids were considered affecting sebum production.

Objective: To identify the correlation between blood lipids, sebum excretion rate and acne severity. This study also determines the correlation between blood lipids and sebum excretion rate.

Methods: This study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. This was a cross sectional study with total of 30 non obese AV patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of AV. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL serum and sebum excretion rate were measured.

Results: The results revealed significant correlation between sebum excretion rate and severity of acne vulgaris r 0,6689, p 0,0001 . There were no correlation between total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, HDL and acne severity. Blood lipids had no correlation with sebum excretion rate.

Conclusion: The results of this study has proven that blood lipids does not affect the severity of acne and sebum excretion rate. While increased sebum secretion would increase acne severity."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian yang membahas hubungan antara seng dan derajat keparahan akne masih terbatas dengan hasil yang tidak konsisten antara satu penelitian dengan penelitian yang lain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang komparasi untuk menilai hubungan asupan seng dan konsentrasi seng serum dengan derajat keparahan akne vulgaris berdasarkan kriteria Indonesian Acne Expert Meeting. Dilakukan penilaian asupan seng dan pemeriksaan konsentrasi seng serum terhadap 60 pasien akne vulgaris di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Analisis data asupan seng terhadap derajat keparahan akne menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan sedangkan analisis data konsentrasi seng serum terhadap derajat keparahan akne menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Pada penelitian ini, asupan seng pada seluruh subjek berada dibawah nilai Angka Kecukupan Gizi Indonesia dan rerata asupan seng pada kelompok akne ringan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat. Konsentrasi seng serum pada kelompok akne ringan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat. Ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara asupan seng pada kelompok akne derajat ringan dengan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat, dan konsentrasi seng serum antara kelompok akne derajat ringan dengan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat.

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ABSTRACTZinc recently known to have an effect on reducing the severity of acne, but this finding was still inconsistent between one study to another. A comparation cross sectional study was conducted to assess the association of zinc intake and serum zinc level with the severity of acne based on Indonesian Acne Expert Meeting criteria. A total of 60 acne patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were selected. Data analysis on zinc intake on acne severity using unpaired T test while zinc serum concentration on acne severity with Mann Whitney test. In this study, zinc intake in all subjects was below the Indonesian Recommended Daily Allowance and mean of zinc intake in mild acne group was higher compare to the moderate severe acne group. Zinc serum level in mild acne group was higher compare to the moderate severe acne group. There was a significant difference between zinc intake in mild and moderate severe acne group, and zinc serum level between mild and moderate severe acne group."

"Latar belakang: Psoriasis adalah penyakit inflamasi kulit kronik yang diperantarai sistem imun, dengan etiologi multifaktor. Stres telah diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab maupun faktor eksaserbasi psoriasis. High sensitivity c-reactive protein hs-CRP merupakan penanda sensitif untuk inflamasi. Stres maupun psoriasis dapat meningkatkan kadar hs-CRP serum. Data tingkat stres dan kadar hs-CRP serum pada pasien psoriasis terbatas dan belum ada penelitian mengenai korelasi antara stres dengan kadar hs-CRP serum pasien psoriasis Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan korelasi antara stres dengan derajat keparahan psoriasis dan high sensitivity c-reactive protein. Metode: Pada studi potong lintang ini, pemilihan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 33 pasien. Derajat keparahan psoriasis diukur dengan metode Psoriasis Area and Severity Index PASI , penilaian stres dengan kuesioner Perceived Stress Scale PSS , dan kadar hs-CRP serum sebagai penanda inflamasi. Hasil: Didapatkan rerata usia 40,12 13,04 tahun dengan median skor PASI sebesar 4,7 0,9-22,4 . Didapatkan median skor kuesioner PSS sebesar 22 8-30 dan median kadar hs-CRP pada SP sebesar 2,38 0,53-12,06 mg/L. Ditemukan nilai korelasi antara stres dengan derajat keparahan psoriasis r= 0,30;p=0,046 , derajat keparahan psoriasis dengan kadar hs-CRP serum r = 0,363; p = 0,019 , dan stres dengan kadar hs-CRP serum r= 0,236; p= 0,093 . Simpulan: Ditemukan korelasi bermakna antara stres dengan derajat keparahan psoriasis dan derajat keparahan psoriasis dengan kadar hs-CRP serum. Namun tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna secara statistik antara stres dengan kadar hs-CRP serum. Hasil ini mungkin dikarenakan faktor perancu yang dapat memengaruhi stres maupun kadar hs-CRP serum. Identifikasi dan tatalaksana stres dapat bermanfaat bagi terapi psoriasis.

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Background Psoriasis is a multifactorial immune mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease. Stress is identified as a trigger and precipitating factor for psoriasis. High sensitivity c reactive protein hs CRP is a sensitive marker for inflammation. Stress and psoriasis may cause an increase in hs CRP serum. There are limited studies on stress and hs CRP levels in Indonesian psoriatic patients and there are no reported studies on the correlation between stress and hs CRP levels in Indonesian psoriatic patients. Objective To determine the correlation between stress and psoriasis disease severity and high sensitivity c reative protein levels. Method Sample selection for this cross sectional study was done by consecutive sampling. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index PASI was used to measure disease severity, the self reporting Perceived Stress Scale PSS was used as a measure for stress, and hs CRP serum was used as a marker for inflammation. Results A total 33 subjects were enrolled to the study, with the median age of 40, 12 13, 04 years old and median PASI score of 4,7 range 0,9 22,4 . The median PSS score was 22 range 8 30 with a median hs CRP serum level of 2,38 range 0,53 12,06 mg L. We found correlation coefficients between stress and psoriasis severity r 0,30 p 0,046 , psoriasis severity and hs CRP serum levels r 0,363 p 0,019 , and stress and hs CRP serum levels r 0,236 p 0,093 . Conclusion We found a statistically significant correlation between stress and psoriasis severity and between psoriasis severity and hs CRP serum levels. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between stress and hs CRP serum levels. This may be caused by confounding factors influencing stress or hs CRP levels. However, identification and management of stres maybe beneficial for psoriatic patients. "

"Latar belakang: Proporsi lansia diperkirakan akan terus meningkat. Salah satu masalah utama pada kesehatan kulit lansia adalah xerosis cutis atau kekeringan kulit. Tata laksana xerosis cutis yang tidak adekuat dapat menimbulkan komplikasi dan menurunkan kualitas hidup lansia. Pelembap merupakan tata laksana utama xerosis cutis. Jarak waktu pemakaian ulang yang tepat berbagai jenis pelembap perlu diketahui dasar ilmiahnya.Tujuan: Mengetahui status hidrasi dan sawar kulit setelah aplikasi tunggal vaselin album, lanolin 7,5% dalam vaselin album, krim urea 10%, dan krim pelembap yang mengandung seramid pada lansia dengan xerosis cutis.Metode: Sebuah penelitian dengan pre dan post-experimental design, tersamar ganda pada lansia dengan xerosis cutis. Jumlah SP adalah 15 orang dan pemilihan SP dilakukan secara berurutan (consecutive sampling). Satu SP mendapat empat perlakuan, dua pelembap dioleskan di tungkai bawah kanan dan dua pelembap di tungkai bawah kiri. Penentuan lokasi pengolesan pelembap menggunakan metode randomisasi sederhana. Penilaian status hidrasi dan sawar kulit dinilai menggunakan skor SRRC sebelum dan 12 jam setelah pengolesan pelembap, sedangkan nilai SCap dan TEWL diperiksa setiap 3 jam selama 12 jam.Hasil: Terdapat penurunan skor SRRC yang bermakna 12 jam setelah pengolesan keempat jenis pelembap (p<0,001). Peningkatan tertinggi nilai SCap pada 3 jam setelah pengolesan vaselin album sebesar 12 AU (p<0,001) dan lanolin 7,5% dalam vaselin album sebesar 13,96 AU (p<0,001). Peningkatan tertinggi nilai SCap pada 6 jam setelah pengolesan krim urea 10% sebesar 14,43 AU (p<0,001) dan krim yang mengandung seramid sebesar 7,57 AU (p=0,002). Terdapat peningkatan nilai SCap yang bermakna sejak pada 3-12 jam pada seluruh kelompok pelembap. Penurunan bermakna nilai TEWL hanya pada 3 jam setelah pengolesan krim urea 10% sebesar 1,44 g/h/m2 (p=0,006).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbaikan skor SRRC yang bermakna pada seluruh kelompok pelembap. Terdapat perbaikan nilai SCap yang bermakna sejak 3-12 jam setelah pengolesan keempat jenis pelembap. Penurunan bermakna nilai TEWL hanya terdapat pada 3 jam setelah pengolesan krim urea 10%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, jarak waktu ideal pemakaian ulang vaselin album dan lanolin 7,5% dalam vaselin album adalah setiap 3 jam, sedangkan jarak waktu ideal pemakaian ulang krim urea 10% dan krim yang mengandung seramid adalah setiap 6 jam. Dengan mempertimbangkan biaya dan efektivitas pelembap dalam meningkatkan hidrasi kulit, pengulangan pemakaian pelembap masih dapat dilakukan setiap 12 jam.

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Background: The proportion of elderly is expected to increase continuously. One of the main problems in elderly skin health is xerosis cutis. Inadequate management of xerosis cutis in the elderly can cause complications and reduce the quality of life. Moisturizers is the main management of xerosis cutis. The evidences base of the interval reapplication time in various types of moisturizers need to be known.

Objectives: To determine the hydration and skin barrier status after a single application of vaseline albumin, lanolin 7.5% in vaseline album, urea 10% cream, and ceramide cream in elderly with xerosis cutis.

Methods: This was a study with a pre and post-experimental design, double-blinded. A total of 15 elderly subjects with xerosis cutis were choosen with consecutive sampling. Every subject received four treatments, two moisturizers on the right leg and two moisturizers on the left leg. The location of moisturizers application was determined by using a simple randomization method. Assessment of hydration and skin barrier status was assessed using the SRRC score before and 12 hours after application, while the SCap and TEWL value were examined every 3 hours for 12 hours.

Results: There was a significant decrease in SRRC scores 12 hours after application of all types moisturizers (p<0.001). The highest increase in SCap at 3 hours after the application of vaseline album was 12 AU (p<0.001) and lanolin 7.5% in vaseline album was 13.96 AU (p<0.001). The highest increase in SCap at 6 hours after the application of urea 10% cream was 14.43 AU (p<0.001) and ceramide cream was 7.57 AU (p=0.002). There was a significant increase of SCap from 3 to 12 hours in all four types moisturizers. The significant decrease in TEWL only at three hours after the use of urea 10% cream was 1.44 g/h/m2 (p=0.006).

Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in SRRC scores in all four types of moisturizers. There was a significant increase in the value of SCap from 3 to 12 hours after application of all moisturizers. The significant decrease in TEWL was only 3 hours after application of urea 10% cream. Based on the results, the ideal reapplication time of vaseline album and lanolin 7.5% in vaseline album is every 3 hours, while for urea 10% cream and ceramide cream is every 6 hours. Considering the cost and effectiveness of moisturizers in hydrating the skin, reapplication of moisturizers every 12 hours still would be effective."