Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar Belakang : Dermatitis kontak merupakan salah satu penyakit kulit akibat kerja yang disebabkanoleh reaksi simpang pada kulit epidermis dan dermis akibat pajanan bahan yang berhubungan dengan bahan kimia, faktor fisik (panes), dan faktor mekanik (gesekan, tekanan, trauma) dan faktor riwayat atopi juga merupakan penyebab tidak langsung. Salah satu bahan kimia yang berisiko terhadap dermatitis kontak adalah debu semen. Pekerja yang berisiko terhadap pajanan debu semen adalah tenaga keja bongkar muat sak semen di pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta. Metode : Penelitian dilakukan di Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta pada September 2009. Desain penelitian ini cross sectional dengan analitik internal komparatif dan pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara simple random sampling. Populasi penelitian seluruh buruh tenaga kerja bongkar muat pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta yang berjumlah 402 orang, dan jumlah sampel 140 responden. Cara pengumpulan data dengan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan observasi pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Analisis data dengan program SPSS versi 15, dengan interpretasi analisis univariat , analisis bivariat (Odds Ratio dan 95% Confidence Interval) dan analisis multivariat (metode Enter pada Binary Logistic Regression). Hasil : Tenaga kezja bongkar muat Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta sebanyak 24,3% mengalami dermatitis kontak. Hasil analisis multivariat terdapat hubtmgan bermakna antara tingkat pajanan debu semen tahunan (p=0,041 ; OR=2,35; 95%Cl=0,99»S,56) dengan dermatitis kontak. Umur pekeija, status gizi, pendidikan, iiwayat atopi dan higiene diri buruk tidak mempunyai hubungan statistic bcmiakna dengan dermatitis kontak. Suhu lingkungan dan kelembaban dengan alat ukur Hear Stress Monitor (WBGTO tertingi 29,1°C dan RH tertinggi 62%) diduga mernpunyai kontribusi nntuk terjadinya dermatitis kontak. Kesimpulan dan saran : Prevalensi dermatitis kontak pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta sebanyak 24,3%. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya dennatitis kontak adalah tingkat pajanan debu semen tahunan (p=0,04l;0Ra¢§ =2,35).Tingginya suhu lingktmgan dan kelembaban diduga merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya. dermatitis kontak. Pekerja perlu diajarkan pengetahuan akan bahaya debu semen, pentingnya alat pelindung diri dan menjaga kebersihan diri untuk mencegah teij adinya dermatitis kontak pada pekeija angkut semen.

---

Background: Contact dermatitis is the one of a skin disease due to work caused by adverse reaction in the epidermis and dennis of skin exposure related materials, chemical, physical factors (heat), and mechanical factors (friction, pressure, trauma) and history of atopy factor is also an indirect cause. One of the chemicals that are at risk for contact dermatitis is cement dust, Workers at risk of exposure to cement dust is labor cement loading and unloading bags of Sunda Kelapa Port in Jakarta.

Methods: This research was conducted at the port of Sunda Kelapa Jakarta in September 2009. The design was cross-sectional study with an intemal analytical comparative sample selection is done by simple random sampling. This study population is all the labor workers unloading port of Sunda Kelapa Jakarta totaling 402 people, based on the calculation of the number of samples of 140 respondents. Dara collection is done by filling status of research, which consisted of anarrmcsis, physical examination and observation of the implementation work. Data analysis using SPSS program version 15, with the interpretation of the univariate analysis (table distributions), bivariate analysis (calculating Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval) and multivariate analysis (enter method the binary logistic regression).

Results: Prevalence of contact dermatitis among labor loading and unloading at the port of Sunda Kelapa Jakarta is 24.3% . There is signiicant statistic relationship between the cement dust exposure rating (p = 0.041; OR = 2,35; 95% CI == 0,19-5,56) to contact dermatitis, The age, work duration, nutritional status, education, poor self-hygiene and history of atopy had no significant statistic relationship to contact dermatitis. Temperature and humidity environment with the Heat Stress Monitor (29.l° C highest WBGTo and the highest 62% RH) have contributed to the occurrence of contact dermatitis

Conclusions and sugestions: The prevalence of contact dermatitis in workers loading and imloading port of Sunda Kelapa Jakarta is 24.3%. The most related factors to the occmrence of contact dermatitis is cement dust exposure rating chronic (p = 0.04l; OR adj =2,3 5).The highly environmental temperature and humidity could be intiuence to contact dermatitis. Workers need to be taught to maintain personal hygiene and knowledge of the hazards of cement dust on the health of workers, including skin health."

"Latar belakang: Melasma merupakan kelainan hiperpigmentasi didapat yangdisebabkan disfungsi melanogenesis, berupa makula coklat kehitaman simetris,terutama mengenai area wajah. Patogenesis melasma belum diketahui dengan jelas,beberapa faktor yang diduga berperan, di antaranya disfungsi tiroid dan defisiensi seng.Tujuan: Mengetahui kadar seng serum pada pasien melasma dan nonmelasma dengandan tanpa disfungsi tiroid.Metode: Sebuah penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Jakarta padaSeptember-Desember 2019. Terdapat 60 pasien melasma dan 60 pasien nonmelasma.Kedua kelompok dilakukan matching usia dan jenis kelamin. Atomic absorptionspectrophotometry digunakan untuk mengukur kadar seng serum. Laboratorium darahuntuk memeriksa fungsi tiroid (TSH dan FT4). Analisis statistik menggunakan softwareSPSS.Hasil: Rerata kadar seng serum pada kelompok melasma 10,25±1,89 μmol/L dannonmelasma adalah 10,29±1,46 μmol/L (p <0,901). Rerata kadar seng serum padapasien melasma dengan disfungsi tiroid 8,77±0,69, melasma tanpa disfungsi tiroid10,33±1,89, nonmelasma dengan disfungsi tiroid 10,48±2,4, dan nonmelasma tanpadisfungsi tiroid 10,27±1,4 (p <0,184).Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kadar seng serum padakelompok melasma dan nonmelasma dengan dan tanpa disfungsi tiroid.

---

Background: Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder, clinically as

asymmetrical blackish brown macules, especially on the facial area. Several factors are

thought to play a role, including thyroid dysfunction and zinc deficiency.

Objective: To determine serum zinc levels in melasma and non-melasma patients with

and without thyroid dysfunction.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta in September-December

2019. There were 60 melasma patients and 60 non-melasma patients. The two groups

were matched for age and sex. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to

measure serum zinc levels. Blood laboratory was used to check thyroid function (TSH

and FT4). Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software.

Results: The mean serum zinc level in the melasma group was 10.25 ± 1.89 μmol / L

and non-melasma was 10.29 ± 1.46 μmol / L (p <0.901). The mean serum zinc level in

melasma patients with thyroid dysfunction was 8.77 ± 0.69, melasma without thyroid

dysfunction 10.33 ± 1.89, non-melasma with thyroid dysfunction 10.48 ± 2.4, and nonmelasma

without thyroid dysfunction 10.27 ± 1.4 (p <0.184).

Conclusions: There was no significant difference between serum zinc levels in the

melasma and non-melasma groups with and without thyroid dysfunction."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Gonore masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang cukup signifikan terutama padalaki-laki dengan perilaku seksual risiko tinggi. Pemeriksaan baku emas untuk diagnosis gonoreadalah biakan dan tes amplifikasi asam nukleat. Namun, kedua tes tersebut sulit dilakukan padatempat dengan keterbatasan fasilitas serta sumber daya manusia. ENCODETM gonorrhea rapidtest (GRT) merupakan salah satu point of care test (POCT) yang relatif mudah untuk digunakandan dapat memberikan hasil dalam waktu singkat. Jenis POCT ini diperkirakan dapat menegakkandiagnosis gonore lebih praktis, cepat, dan akurat di Indonesia.Tujuan : Mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, dan nilai prediksi negatif dariGRT dalam diagnosis gonore pada duh tubuh uretra laki-laki risiko tinggi di JakartaMetode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang terhadap laki-laki risiko tinggi dengankeluhan duh tubuh uretra yang mengunjungi dua klinik IMS di Jakarta selama Bulan September-November 2018. Jenis POCT gonore yang digunakan adalah ENCODETM GRT untuk mengujisensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi negatif dan positifnya. Pemeriksaan baku emas yangdigunakan adalah biakan.Hasil : Telah berhasil diseleksi sebanyak total 54 subyek penelitian. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitasGRT diperoleh sebesar 96,77% (95% IK 83,3-99,92%) dan 82,6% (95% IK 61,22-95,05%).Nilai prediksi positif didapatkan sebesar 88,24% (95% IK 75,43-94,82%) sedangkan nilaiprediksi negatif sebesar 95% (95% IK 73,25-99,25%).Kesimpulan : ENCODETM GRT menunjukkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang cukup baikuntuk diagnosis gonore pada laki-laki risiko tinggi dengan keluhan duh tubuh uretra.Pengunaannya cukup praktis, sehingga dapat disarankan untuk tempat dengan keterbatasanfasilitas.

---

ABSTRACTBackground : Gonorrhea still becomes a significant health problem especially in men with highrisksexual activities. The gold standard diagnostic tests are culture and nucleic acid amplificationtest. However, both of the tests were difficult to perform in the setting of limited resources. Othertests require trained analyst to perform, which may also not available in rural areas. ENCODEgonorrhea rapid test (GRT) is a point of care test (POCT) which is relatively easy to use and canprovide result quickly. This POCT may provide more practical, faster, and more accuratediagnosis of gonorrhea in Indonesia.Objective : To know the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictivevalue of gonorrhea rapid test in diagnosing gonorrhea urethritis on high risk men in Jakarta.Methods : This is a cross-sectional study including men with symptomatic gonococcal urethritiswho visited two STI clinics in Jakarta during September-November 2018. ENCODETM GRT wasperformed to evaluate its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. The goldstandard diagnostic test was culture.Result : There were 54 men recruited in this study. The sensitivity and specificity for ENCODEgonorrhea rapid test are 96.77% (95% CI 83.3-99.92%) and 82.6% (95% CI 61.22-95.05%).Positive and negative predictive values respectively are 88.24% (95% CI 75.43-94.82%) and95% (95% CI 73.25-99.25%).Conclusion : ENCODE GRT has a good sensitivity and specificity rates for diagnosing gonorrheain high risk men with urethral discharge. Its use is recommended especially in rural areas or areaswith limited resources due to its practicality."

"Latar Belakang: Hiperhomosisteinemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Psoriasis vulgaris adalah penyakit kulit inflamasi kronis yang berhubungan dengan beberapa penyakit penyerta, misalnya aterosklerosis dan PKV. Defisiensi folat dapat terjadi pada pasien psoriasis, akibat utilisasi yang meningkat di kulit yang mengalami hiperproliferasi dan atau penyerapan oleh usus yang berkurang. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar homosistein dalam darah. Penulis meneliti korelasi antara kadar homosistein serum dan derajat keparahan psoriasis vulgaris, yang diukur dengan metode psoriasis area severity index (PASI) dan luas permukaan tubuh (body surface area, BSA). Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang, pada 36 pasien psoriasis vulgaris. Subyek terdiri dari16 perempuan dan 20 laki-laki. Kadar homosistein serum diukur dengan metode competitive immunoassay dan dikorelasikan dengan derajat keparahan psoriasis. Hasil: pada subyek psoriasis laki-laki, kadar homosistein serum berkorelasi positif dengan derajat keparahan penyakit yang diukur dengan PASI (korelasi Pearson, r = 0.615 , p < 0,05) dan BSA (korelasi Spearman , r = 0,476 , p < 0,05). Tidak ada korelasi antara kadar homosistein serum dengan PASI (korelasi Pearson , p > 0,05 ) dan BSA (korelasi Spearman, p > 0,05) pada subyek psoriasis perempuan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif yang signifikan secara statistik antara kadar homosistein serum dengan derajat keparahan psoriasis yang diukur dengan PASI dan BSA pada subyek psoriasis laki-laki.

---

Background: hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with several comorbidities, such as atherosclerosis and CVD. Psoriatic patients often presents low levels of folic acid as a result of an increasing vitamin utilization in the skin and/or reduced gut absorption. This may result in raised levels of homocysteine. The authors investigated the correlation between serum homocysteine levels and the severity of psoriasis vulgaris measured by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA). Method: we performed a cross-sectional study in 36 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The subjects comprised 16 women and 20 men. The serum levels of homocysteine were measured by competitive immunoassay method and were correlated with the severity of psoriasis (PASI and BSA). Result: in male psoriasis subjects, serum homocysteine levels positively correlated with disease severity as measured by PASI (Pearson's correlation; r = 0.615, p < 0.05) and BSA (Spearman's correlation; r = 0.476, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum homocysteine levels with PASI (Pearson's correlation, p > 0.05) and BSA (Spearman's correlation, p > 0.05) in female psoriasis subjects. Conclusion: a significant correlation between serum homocysteine levels with disease severity measured by PASI and BSA in male psoriasis subjects was evidenced."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Xerosis kutis sering ditemukan pada lanjut usia lansia . Aplikasi pelembap merupakan tatalaksana utama. Pelembap mengandung humektan, misalnya laktat dan urea, dapat memperbaiki hidrasi dan disfungsi sawar kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efikasi dan keamanan antara krim pelembap yang mengandung amonium laktat 12 dan urea 10 dalam mengatasi xerosis kutis pada populasi lansia. Metode: Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dengan subjek kelompok berpasangan dilakukan pada 40 orang penghuni panti werdha di Jakarta. Evaluasi specified symptom sum score SRRC , skin capacitance SCap , transepidermal water loss TEWL , dan efek samping dilakukan pada awal terapi, minggu kedua dan keempat terapi, serta minggu kelima seminggu setelah terapi dihentikan. Hasil: Penurunan nilai SRRC dan TEWL, peningkatan nilai SCap, setelah empat minggu tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok terapi dengan nilai p masing-masing 1,000; 0,636; dan 0,601. Pada minggu kelima, terjadi peningkatan nilai SRRC dan TEWL serta penurunan nilai SCap minggu keempat pada kedua kelompok, namun masih lebih baik daripada nilai dasar dan minggu kedua terapi. Tidak ditemukan efek samping subjektif dan objektif pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Efikasi dan keamanan krim pelembap yang mengandung amonium laktat 12 sama baiknya dengan krim pelembap yang mengandung urea 10 dalam mengatasi xerosis kutis pada populasi lansia. Kata kunci: amonium laktat 12 ; lanjut usia; urea 10 ; xerosis kutis

---

ABSTRACTBackground Xerosis cutis is widely known in geriatric population. Application of moisturizer is the treatment.. Moisturizer with humectant property, e.g lactate and urea, could restore skin hydration and barrier dysfunction. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety between moisturizing cream containing 12 ammonium lactate and 10 urea in geriatric population with xerosis cutis. Methods A double blind randomized controlled trial with matching paired subject was conducted on 40 residents of a nursing home in Jakarta. Evaluation of specified symptom sum score SRRC , skin capacitance SCap , transepidermal water loss TEWL , and side effects were measured at baseline, week 2 and week 4 after therapy, and week 5 one week after therapy cessation. Results The decrease of SRRC and TEWL score, increase of SCap score after four weeks of therapy between two group yield no statistical different p 1.000 p 0.636 p 0.601 respectively . On the fifth week, SRRC and TEWL score were increased and SCap score was decreased compared to the fourth week, but they are still better than the score on baseline and the second week. No objective and subjective side effects were found. Conclusions The efficacy and safety of moisturizing cream containing 12 ammonium lactate are the same as 10 urea in treating xerosis cutis of geriatric population. Keywords 12 ammonium lactate 10 urea geriatric xerosis cutis"

"Latar belakang: Saat ini, peran vitamin D dalam berbagai penyakit kronis banyak diteliti. Vitamin D dianggap memiliki efek imunomodulator sehingga diduga berkaitan dengan beberapa penyakit alergi dan autoimun, termasuk urtikaria kronik. Terdapat laporan kadar vitamin D yang rendah pada pasien urtikaria kronik dan suplementasi vitamin D terbukti memperbaiki gejala urtikaria kronik yang dinilai dengan kuesioner yang sudah tervalidasi Urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7). Namun, penelitian mengenai korelasi kadar vitamin D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit urtikaria masih terbatas, terutama di Indonesia.Tujuan: Menganalisis korelasi kadar vitamin D (25[OH]D) serum dengan aktivitas penyakit pada pasien urtikaria kronik.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Tiga puluh pasien urtikaria kronik usia 18–59 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan direkrut dalam penelitian ini. Penilaian aktivitas penyakit menggunakan UAS7 dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar 25(OH)D serum. Korelasi kadar 25(OH)D serum dan aktivitas penyakit dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Spearman. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan.Hasil: Rerata skor UAS7 adalah 14,63±7,8, median durasi penyakit adalah 12 (2–120) bulan, median skor pajanan matahari mingguan adalah 8 (2–34), dan median kadar 25(OH)D serum adalah 12,10 ng/mL (6,85–29.87). Mayoritas subjek mengalami defisiensi vitamin D (80%). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit (r=0,151; p=0,425), tetapi didapatkan korelasi negatif kuat yang bermakna pada kelompok defisiensi vitamin D berat (r=-0,916; p=0,001). Terdapat korelasi positif sedang bermakna antara aktivitas penyakit dan durasi penyakit (r=0,391; p=0,033). Pada kuesioner pajanan sinar matahari mingguan, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna skor bagian tubuh yang terpajan matahari antar kelompok insufisiensi dan defisiensi vitamin D (p=0,031).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit pasien urtikaria kronik, namun terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan aktivitas penyakit pada kelompok defisiensi berat vitamin D.

---

Background: Nowadays, the role of vitamin D in various chronic diseases is a matter of great interest. Vitamin D is thought to have an immunomodulatory effect so it is thought to be associated with several allergic and autoimmune diseases, including chronic urticaria. There have been reports of low vitamin D levels in patients with chronic urticaria and vitamin D supplementations has been shown to improve symptoms of chronic urticaria which was assessed by a validated questionnaire Urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7). However, data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity in chronic urticaria are still limited, especially in Indonesia.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between vitamin D (25[OH]D) serum and disease activity in chronic urticaria patients.

Methods:

This is an analytic-descriptive cross-sectional study. Thirty chronic urticaria patients age 18 – 59 years old who meet all inclusion and exclusion criterias were recruited in this study. Assessment of disease activity using UAS7 and measurement of 25(OH)D serum levels were performed. Correlation of 25(OH)D serum levels and disease activity was done using Spearman analysis. In this study, an assessment of sun exposure adequacy was carried out using a weekly sunlight exposure questionnaire.

Results: The mean of UAS7 was 14.63±7.8, median duration of illness was 12 (2 – 120) month, median weekly sunlight exposure score was 8 (2 – 34), and the median serum 25(OH)D was 12.10 ng/mL (6.85 – 29.87). The majority of subjects had vitamin D deficiency (80%). There was no correlations between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity (r=0.151; p=0.425). However, a significant negative correlation was found in severe deficiency vitamin D group (r=-0.916; p=0.001). There was also significant moderate correlation between disease activity and duration of illness (r=0.391; p=0.033). In weekly sunlight exposure questionnaire, we found that body surface area score was significantly different between insufficiency and deficiency vitamin D groups (p=0,031).

Conclusion: There was no correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity in chronic urticaria patients, however there was a tendency of increasing disease activity in severe deficiency vitamin D group"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko vaginosis bakterial pada populasi wanita penjaja seks di Tangerang. Faktor risiko vaginosis bakterial pada WPS penting diketahui untuk dapat menyusun strategi pencegahan terhadap vaginosis bakterial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan studi potong lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah wanita penjaja seks di kabupaten Tangerang, provinsi Banten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi vaginosis bakterial di Tangerang tergolong tinggi (131 dari 189 subyek didiagnosis vaginosis bakterial; 69.31%). Semakin banyak jumlah pasangan, tindakan bilas vagina, dan semakin muda usia wanita penjaja seks meningkatkan risiko vaginosis bakterial.

---

This study aim to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and analyze risk factors of bacterial vaginosis in female sex workers in Tangerang. Knowledge about risk factor of bacterial vaginosis in high-risk population is important to formulate prevention strategies against bacterial vaginosis. The study design is analytical cross-sectional study. The study subjects are female sex workers in Tangerang district, Banten province.

Result shows that prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in Tangerang is high (131 out of 189 subjects were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis; 69.31%). The higher the number of sexual partners, vaginal douching, and the younger the age group of female sexual workers increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis."

"[ABSTRAKDuh tubuh vagina adalah cairan yang keluar dari alat genital perempuan yang tidak berupa darah. World Health Organization (2007) merekomendasikan dalam menegakkan diagnosis duh tubuh vagina dengan menggunakan alur pemeriksaan dengan spekulum. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia telah merekomendasikan alur tersebut untuk seluruh puskesmas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas alur pemeriksaan duh tubuh vagina dengan spekulum oleh dokter puskesmas di Kota Pontianak yang dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Uji diagnostik sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dilakukan terhadap 52 subyek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas diagnosis vaginitis menggunakan spekulum sebesar 57,1% dan 52%, sedangkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas untuk diagnosis servisitis sebesar 75% dan 57,7%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang rendah (≤85%), menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan menggunakan spekulum tidak cukup baik untuk digunakan sebagai dasar dalam menegakkan diagnosis duh tubuh vagina.

---

ABSTRACTVaginal discharge is the discharge from womens genitals which does not consist of blood. World Health Organization in 2007 provide recommendations for diagnosis vaginal discharge in health care one of them by using a speculum. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia has recommended speculum examination of vaginal discharge to all health centers in Indonesia. This research aim was to study the sensitivity and specificity of vaginal discharge examination using a speculum by doctors in primary health care in Pontianak confirmed by laboratory examination. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic testing were conducted on 52 research subjects. The result of the study showed the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of vaginitis using a speculum were 57.1% and 52%, whereas the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cervicitis were 75% and 57.7%. Low sensitivity and specificity values (≤85%), indicating that the use of a speculum examination is not good enough to be used as a basis in the diagnosis of vaginal discharge., Vaginal discharge is the discharge from womens genitals which does not consist of blood. World Health Organization in 2007 provide recommendations for diagnosis vaginal discharge in health care one of them by using a speculum. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia has recommended speculum examination of vaginal discharge to all health centers in Indonesia. This research aim was to study the sensitivity and specificity of vaginal discharge examination using a speculum by doctors in primary health care in Pontianak confirmed by laboratory examination. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic testing were conducted on 52 research subjects. The result of the study showed the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of vaginitis using a speculum were 57.1% and 52%, whereas the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cervicitis were 75% and 57.7%. Low sensitivity and specificity values (≤85%), indicating that the use of a speculum examination is not good enough to be used as a basis in the diagnosis of vaginal discharge.]"

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membandingkan efektivitas losio permetrin 5% dengan losio heksaklorosikloheksan 0,5% dalam pengobatan pedikulosis kapitis. Uji klinis tidak acak dan tidak tersamar dilakukan terhadap 138 siswipada sebuah pesantren di Jakarta tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas losio permetrin 5% pada hari ke-7 sebesar 73,9% dan losio heksaklorosikloheksan 0,5% sebesar 60,9%. Efektivitas losio permetrin 5% pada hari ke-14 sebesar 97,1% dan losio heksaklorosikloheksan 0,5% sebesar 88,4%. Efektivitas pengobatan pada hari ke-7 dan hari ke-14 secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Walaupun efektivitas kedua obat tersebut tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik, namun secara klinis terdapat perbedaan angka kesembuhan kedua obat sebesar 8,7% pada hari ke-14. Selain itu,waktu penggunaan losio permetrin yang singkat selama 10 menit akan meningkatkan kepatuhan penderita pedikulosis kapitis.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis compare the effectiveness of topical 5% permethrin lotion and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane lotion againsts pediculosis capitis. Analytical non-randomized nonblinded clinical trial was conducted in an Islamic boarding school in Jakarta 2015. The results showed that on day-7, 5% permethrin lotion has 73,9% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 60,9% cure rate. On day-14, 5% permethrin lotion has 97,1% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 88,4%. The cure rate on day-7 and on day-14 statistically not significant. Even thought the result was not statistically significant, but clinicallythere are 8,7% cure rate difference between those two drugs. The short application of permethrin 5% will result in greater compliance of pediculosis capitis patient. ;This thesis compare the effectiveness of topical 5% permethrin lotion and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane lotion againsts pediculosis capitis. Analytical non-randomized nonblinded clinical trial was conducted in an Islamic boarding school in Jakarta 2015. The results showed that on day-7, 5% permethrin lotion has 73,9% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 60,9% cure rate. On day-14, 5% permethrin lotion has 97,1% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 88,4%. The cure rate on day-7 and on day-14 statistically not significant. Even thought the result was not statistically significant, but clinicallythere are 8,7% cure rate difference between those two drugs. The short application of permethrin 5% will result in greater compliance of pediculosis capitis patient. , This thesis compare the effectiveness of topical 5% permethrin lotion and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane lotion againsts pediculosis capitis. Analytical non-randomized nonblinded clinical trial was conducted in an Islamic boarding school in Jakarta 2015. The results showed that on day-7, 5% permethrin lotion has 73,9% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 60,9% cure rate. On day-14, 5% permethrin lotion has 97,1% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 88,4%. The cure rate on day-7 and on day-14 statistically not significant. Even thought the result was not statistically significant, but clinicallythere are 8,7% cure rate difference between those two drugs. The short application of permethrin 5% will result in greater compliance of pediculosis capitis patient. ]"