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"Latar Belakang: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), sebagai salah satu tanaman obat unggulan Indonesia, dilaporkan memiliki efek eradikasi terhadap biofilm Candida albicans (C. albicans). Studi analisis Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) melaporkan penurunan densitas biofilm serta perubahan morfologi sel C. albicans yang terpapar Ekstrak Etanol Temulawak (EET). Namun bagaimana perubahan ultrastruktur sel C. albicans pada biofilm fase maturasi yang tereradikasi EET belum diketahui. Tujuan: Menganalisis gambaran ultrastruktur sel C. albicans ATCC 10231 pada biofilm fase maturasi setelah paparan EET. Metode: Biofilm C. albicans diinkubasi selama 48 jam agar mencapai fase maturasi, kemudian kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan EET dengan konsentrasi sesuai kadar eradikasi biofilm minimal (KEBM) yaitu 30%, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan paparan nystatin 100000 IU/ml, dan kelompok kontrol negatif tidak diberikan perlakuan. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) dipakai untuk melihat perubahan ultrastruktur sel C. albicans pada biofilm. Hasil: Perubahan gambaran ultrastruktur sel C. albicans pada biofilm fase maturasi yang dipaparkan EET meliputi perubahan bentuk sel, perubahan ketebalan dinding sel, serta kerusakan organel. Kesimpulan: Analisis TEM menunjukkan perubahan sel Candida albicans ATCC 10231 pada sebagian sel biofilm fase maturasi yang tereradikasi EET.

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Background: Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), as one of Indonesia’s eminent medicinal plant, had been reported for having eradication effect towards Candida albicans biofilm. SEM studies have shown that the exposure of javanese turmeric ethanol extract decreases the biofilm density and made changes in C. albicans cells morphology. However, the changes in cellular ultrastructure of C. albicans in biofilm at maturation phase which has been eradicated by javanese turmeric extract is not yet known. Objective: Analyzing the image of cellular ultrastructure of C. albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm at maturation phase after exposed to Javanese turmeric ethanol extract using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Method: C. albicans biofilm was incubated for 48 hours to achieve maturation phase, then the treatment group was exposed to 30% javanese turmeric ethanol extract according to the minimum biofilm eradication concentration, the positive control group was exposed to nystatin 100000 IU/ml, and the negative control group wasn’t exposed to anything. TEM was used to observe the cellular ultrastructure changes of the C. albicans biofilm. Result: The changes observed in the image of cellular ultrastructure of C. albicans biofilm treatment group were different cellular shape, different cell wall thicknesses, and damaged organelles. Conclusion: TEM analysis showed the changes occurred in the image of some cells in C. albicans biofilm at maturation phase which has been eradicated by javanese turmeric ethanol extract."

"Latar Belakang: Rosela dilaporkan sebagai agen antiradang.Tujuan: menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol terstandar kelopak rosela terhadap penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut.Metode: Dua belas tikus dibagi dalam kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Ekstrak 3.75% dan 7.5% dioleskan 2 kali sehari pada mukosa mulut. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 3 dan 7 hari. Kemerahan dan pembengkakan jaringan sekitar diamati secara visual. Diameter ulser diukur satu hari setelah dibuat dan sebelum dikorbankan. Spesimen dibuat, diamati secara mikroskopis, dan dilakukan skoring.Hasil: Diameter ulser dan skor radang menurun. Kemerahan dan pembengkakan jaringan sekitar tidak terlihat lagi.Simpulan: Ekstrak 7.5% efektif terhadap penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut tikus.

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Background: Roselle is reported as anti-inflammatory agent.Objectives: To analyze standardized roselle calyces ethanol extract efficacy`s towards oral mucous ulcer.Methods: Twelve rats were divided into 2 groups; control and experimental group. The 3.75% and 7.5% extract were applied topically twice a day in oral mucous. Animals were observed for 3 and 7 days. Redness and swelling were observed visually. Ulcer diameter was measured a day after creation and before sacrifice. Specimens were observed microscopically and scored.Results: Ulcer diameter and inflammation score were decreased. No redness and swelling observed.Conclusions: The 7.5% extract is effective for the ulcer."

"Pendahuluan : Rosela dilaporkan memiliki efek antiinflamasi.Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol terstandar kelopak bunga rosela oles terhadap penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut.Metode: Penelitian ini in vivo pada 12 tikus S-D dengan ulser mukosa mulut. Kelompok penelitian adalah kontrol dan perlakuan. Ekstrak 7.5% dan 15% dioleskan dua kali sehari, pada hari ke-4 dan ke-8, tikus dikorbankan. Parameter yang diobservasi adalah diameter, kemerahan dan pembengkakan di jaringan sekitar ulser, serta skor radang.Hasil: Pada kelompok perlakuan, diameter ulser dan skor radang menurun, tidak terdapat bengkak dan merah pada jaringan di sekitar ulser.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak 7.5% efektif menyembuhkan ulser mukosa mulut.

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Background: Roselle has anti-inflammatory effect.Objective: Analyze effectiveness of standardized ethanol extract of Roselle topical towards oral mucous ulcer.Method: In vivo study was created with ulcer on 12 rats. Research group divided into control and test group. Standardized roselle 7.5% and 15% were applied topically twice a day. On the 4th and 8th days, rat were sacrificed. Parameters are ulcer diameter, reddish color and swollen membrane, and inflammation score of ulcer.Result: Test group indicated ulcer diameter and inflammation score were reduce, no swelling and redness observed.Conclusion: Standardized roselle 7.5% is effective for ulcer healing of oral mucous."

"Pendahuluan: Rosela memiliki khasiat antiinflamasi. Ulser merupakan keadaan inflamasi dalam rongga mulut.Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol terstandar kelopak bunga rosela terhadap penyembuhan ulser.Metode: Penelitian in vivo pada model ulser 12 tikus, dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Rosela diteteskan 2 kali sehari pada ulser, kemudian hari ke 3 dan 7 dikorbankan. Parameter yang diobservasi adalah kemerahan dan bengkak di sekitar jaringan ulser, diameter ulser, serta skor radang.Hasil: Rosela 7.5% 7 hari dapat menghilangkan kemerahan, sedangkan 3.75% dan 7.5% menurunkan diameter ulser dan skor radang.Kesimpulan: Aplikasi tetes ekstrak terstandar rosela efektif dalam mempercepat penyembuhan ulser.

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Background: Roselle has antiinflammatory effect. Ulcer is an inflammatory condition in oral.Objective: Analyze effectiveness of roselle in healing an ulcer.Methods: This research in vivo on ulcer model 12 rats, divided into control and treatment group. Roselle drops were applied twice a day on ulcer, then day 3 to 7 was sacrificed. Healing process was observed by looking redness and swelling, ulcer diameter, and inflammation score.Results: Roselle 7.5% 7 days can eliminate redness, while 3.75 % and 7.5% reduced ulcer diameter and inflammation score.Conclusion: Application drops of standardized ethanol extract of roselle are effective in ulcer healing."

"Latar Belakang: Rosela dilaporkan memiliki khasiat sebagai antiinflamasi.Tujuan: mengetahui efektivitas rosela terhadap ulser mukosa mulut.Metode: 12 tikus sprague-dawley dibagi dua; kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Triamcinolone diaplikasikan pada kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok perlakuan diberikan aplikasi tetes rosela 7.5% dan 15%, selama 3 atau 7 hari.Hasil; Hilangnya kemerahan dan pengurangan diameter ulser pada rosela 7 hari (7.5% dan 15%), hilangnya bengkak pada rosela 7 hari (15%) dan penurunan skor radang pada rosela 3 hari (15%) dan 7 hari (7.5% dan 15%).Kesimpulan: Efektivitas rosela setara Triamcinolone 0.1% pada kemerahan dan penurunan diameter ulser 7 hari.

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Backgrounds: Roselle have effect as anti-inflammatory.Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of roselle towards oral mucosa ulcer.Methods: 12 sprague-dawley rats were divided into 2 groups; control and treatment. triamnicolone as positive control, treatment group was dropped by 7.5% and 15% roselle. Wound healing was observed in the third or seventh day.Results; Redness disappearance and ulcer diameter decrease in seventh days (7.5% and 15%). Swelling disappearance in seventh days (15%). Inflammation score decrease in both third days (15%) and seventh days (7.5% and 15%).Conclusions: roselle is effective for ulcer healing. the Effectiveness is equivalent to Triamcinolone 0.1% in redness disappearance and decreasing of ulcer diameter in seventh days."

"IgY sebagai vaksin pencegah karies gigi perlu ditingkatkan efektivitasnya dengan menciptakan IgY yang spesifik terhadap molekul ComD yang berperan dalam mekanisme quorum sensing. IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dapat dikombinasikan dengan kitosan dalam bentuk sediaan obat kumur. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dan kitosan terhadap kemampuan S.mutans yang diisolasi dari subjek karies dan bebas karies dalam membentuk biofilm. Metode: Subjek penelitian 24 orang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok karies dan bebas karies dengan perlakuan obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dengan dan tanpa kitosan. Obat kumur digunakan 2 kali sehari sebanyak 15-20 ml setiap kali berkumur selama 6 hari dengan durasi 30 detik. Kuantitas biofilm diukur dengan menggunakan metode crystal violet berdasarkan nilai optical density pada Elisa Reader. Hasil: Nilai OD biofilm sebelum diberi perlakuan pada kelompok 1 adalah 0,153; kelompok 2 adalah 0,163; kelompok 3 adalah 0,132 dan kelompok 4 adalah 0,135. Nilai OD biofilm setelah diberi perlakuan pada kelompok 1 adalah 0,136; kelompok 2 adalah 0,141; kelompok 3 adalah 0,164 dan kelompok 4 adalah 0,192. Analisa statistik uji t berpasangan antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna untuk kelompok 3 (p=0,035) dan kelompok 4 (p=0,046). Kesimpulan: Obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dan kitosan meningkatkan kemampuan S.mutans yang diisolasi dari subjek karies dan bebas karies dalam membentuk biofilm.

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The effectiveness of IgY as a dental caries vaccine should be improved by creating IgY specific to ComD that has a role in the mechanism of quorum sensing. IgY anti-ComD S.mutans can be combined with chitosan in the form of mouth rinse.

Objective: To determine the effects of mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans and chitosan on biofilm-forming isolates of S.mutans from caries subjects and caries-free subjects.

Methods: Subjects were divided into 4 groups: caries and caries-free subjects with mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans with and without chitosan. Subjects were assigned to rinsing twice daily (for 6 days) with 15-20 ml solution of mouth rinse for 30 seconds. Biofilm formation were measured using crystal violet method based on ELISA optical density value.

Results: Optical density of biofilm before treatment on group 1 is 0,153; group 2 is 0,163; group 3 is 0,132 and group 4 is 0,135. Optical density of biofilm after treatment on group 1 is 0,136; group 2 is 0,141; group 3 is 0,164 and group 4 is 0,192. Statistical analysis showed significant difference for group 3 (p=0,035) and group 4 (p=0,046).

Conclusion: Mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans and chitosan could increase biofilm forming isolates of S.mutans from caries subjects and caries-free subjects."

"Ulser sering ditemukan di mukosa mulut. Rosella dilaporkan dapat mempercepat penyembuhan ulser. Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosella teridentifikasi 3.75%. Metode: sebanyak 36 ekor tikus dibagi 3 kelompok paparan saline, triamcinolone acetonide, ekstrak rosella 3.75%. Tikus dikorbankan pada harike 2, 4, 8, dan 15. Spesimen difiksasi dan dilakukan skoring pada sediaan mikroskopik. Hasil: Pemaparan saline menunjukkan skor radang 3; pemaparan triamcinolone acetonidepada dua ekor tikus menunjukkan skor radang 1, satu ekor tikus menunjukkan skor radang 2; pemaparan ekstrak rosella 3.75% menunjukkan skor radang 2. Kesimpulan: Pemaparan ekstrak rosella 3.75% kurang efektif menyembuhkan ulser mukosa mulut.

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Ulcers are often found in oral mucosa. Roselle has been reported to accelerate wound healing.

Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of identified ethanol extract of roselle calyx 3.75%.

Methods: A total of 36 rats were divided into 3 groups of application, saline, triamcinolone acetonide, and roselle extract 3.75%. Rats were sacrificed on 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 15th days. Specimens were made and microscopic slide were scored.

Results: Saline application showed inflammation score 3. Triamcinolone acetonide application showed inflammation score 1. Roselle extract application showed inflammation score 2.

Conclusion: Application of roselle extract 3.75% less effective to accelerate wound healing."

"Rosella berkhasiat anti-inflamasi dan anti-bakteri. Tujuan : Mengetahui kondisi makroskopis, mikroskopis ulser mukosa yang diaplikasikanekstrak rosella. Metode : Tiga puluh enam tikus sprague-dawley dibagi, Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% sebagai kontrol positif, saline 0.9% sebagai kontrol negatif, ekstrak rosella 7.5% sebagai kelompok perlakuan, selama 1, 3, 7, 14 hari. Hasil : pada perlakuan 7 hari, selisih diameter awal dan akhir kelompok ekstrak rosella 7.5% lebih besar dibandingkan TA dan saline, skor radang ulser kelompok ektrak rosella 7.5% lebih rendah dibandingkan TA dan saline. Kesimpulan : Aplikasi ekstrak rosella 7.5% efektif mempercepat penyembuhan ulser pada perlakuan 7 hari.

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Roselle have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacteria effect.

Objectives : To determine macroscopic, microscopic condition of ulcers after application of roselle extract.

Methods : thirty six sprague-dawley rats were divided, TA 0.1% as positive control, saline 0.9% as negative control, roselle extract 7.5% as treatment group. healing was observed in the first, third, seventh, and fourteenth day.

Result : In 7 days, the diameter differences of ulcers applied with roselle extract 7.5% is bigger and inflammation score of ulcers is lower than TA and saline.

Conclusion : application of roselle extract 7.5% is effective in accelerating healing in 7 days."

"IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm.Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh gel IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan gel kombinasi IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan terhadap kemampuan S.mutans dalam membentuk biofilm.Metode: Sampel plak 40 orang dalam 4 kelompok diambil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Aplikasi gel dilakukan 7 hari, dilanjutkan prosedur uji biofilm crystal violet.Hasil: Perbandingan nilai OD biofilm (pre -post) kelompok IgY Bebas Karies (0,030-0,038), IgY Karies (0,027-0,027), IgY+K Bebas Karies (0,033-0,032), IgY+K Karies (0,033-0,069).Kesimpulan: Gel IgY anti ComD S.mutans maupun gel kombinasi IgY anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan meningkatkan kemampuan S.mutans dalam membentuk biofilm.

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IgY Anti ComD S.mutans and chitosan can inhibit biofilm formation.Objective: To analyze the effect of IgY Anti ComD S.mutans gel and IgY Anti ComD S.mutans+chitosan gel towards the ability of S.mutans to form biofilm.Methods: Plaque samples from 40 people in 4 groups were taken before and after gel treatment for 7 days. Then crystal violet biofilm test procedure was performed.Results: Biofilm OD values (pre ? post), IgY free caries (0,030-0,038), IgY caries (0,027-0,027), IgY+K free caries (0,033-0,032), IgY+K caries (0,033-0,069).Conclusion: IgY anti ComD S. mutans gel and IgY anti ComD S.mutans+chitosan gel increase the ability of S. mutans to form biofilm."

"Latar belakang: Temulawak memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap S.mutans dan P.gingivalis. Namun efektivitas pada biofilm butuh penelitian lanjutan. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efektivitas ekstrak etanol temulawak teridentifikasi (EETT) dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan P.gingivalis tunggal maupun kombinasi. Metode: S.mutans ATCC 25175 dan P.gingivalis ATCC 33277 diuji untuk menetapkan KHM dan KBM menggunakan teknik microdilution. Efektivitas penghambatan biofilm diuji dengan crystal violet. Hasil: Nilai KHM dan KBM EETT terhadap S.mutans adalah 5% dan 15%. Konsentrasi inhibisi biofilm minimum S.mutans 1%; P.gingivalis 15%; dan biofilm kombinasi 0,5%. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak teridentifikasi efektif menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan P.gingivalis tunggal maupun kombinasi.

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Background: Java Turmeric had antibacterial effect against S.mutans and P.gingivalis but effectiveness for biofilm needed further research.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of identified java turmeric ethanol extract (IJTEE) against S.mutans and P.gingivalis single and combination biofilm.

Methods: S.mutans ATCC 25175 and P.gingivalis ATCC 33277 were tested for MIC and MBC using microdilution technique and inhibition biofilm formation was analyzed using crystal violet assay.

Results: MIC and MBC of S.mutans is 5% and 15%. Minimum inhibition biofilm of S.mutans 1%; P.gingivalis 15%; and combination 0,5%.

Conclusion: IJTEE was effective inhibiting S.mutans and P.gingivalis single and combination biofilm."