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"Liposom sebagai pembawa obat (drug carrier) merupakan salah satu produk teknologi nano yang sedang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas obat, menurunkan efek sampingnya serta meningkatkan keamanannya jika digunakan dalam jangka panjang. Liposom dapat dibuat dari berbagai komponen lipid, misalnya kombinasi lesitin dan tetraeter lipid (TEL). Kombinasi lesitin dan TEL merupakan komposisi yang belum pernah diuji tentang stabilitas secara kimia baik in vitro maupun in vivo. Liposom ini mengandung lesitin/fosfatidilkolin kuning telur (egg yolk phosphatidyl choline) dan TEL (tetra eter lipid) 2,5 mol % dari Thermoplasma acidophilum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji stabilitas liposom EPC-TEL2,5 yang telah disonikasi dan diberikan larutan NaCl dan MgCl2. Parameter yang dilihat adalah ukuran diameter liposom ≤ 100 nm dan >100 nm. Liposom di katakan stabil bila ukuran diameter tidak berubah jumlahnya setelah pemaparan larutan NaCl dan MgCl2 dari waktu ke waktu. Hasil dan Kesimpulan : tidak stabilnya liposom EPC TEL 2,5 % berdiamer ≤ 100 dan > 100 yang telah disonikasi dan diberikan lautan NaCl PH7 dan MgCl2 PH7 dari waktu ke waktu.

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In Vitro stability test of tetra eter lipid liposome (EPC-TEL 2,5) as new formulation drug carrier with sonication method and addition of NaCl PH 7 and MgCl2 PH 7 350 mOsmol. Liposome as a drug carrier is one of the nanotechnology products which is now being developed to increase drug effectivity, to decrease drug adverse effects, and to increase its safety in long term use. Liposome can be made from lipid components, such as combination between lecithin and tetraeter lipid (TEL) . The newest combination was made from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and TEL 2,5 mol% from Thermoplasma acidophilum and named EPC-TEL 2,5. This combination has never been tested before, especially its chemical stability (in vitro and in vivo). This research main purpose is to test liposom EPC-TEL2,5 stability after it given sonication and exposed with Nacl and MgCl2. The Object to analyze is only liposome with ≤ 100 nm dan >100 nm diameter. It will be clasified as stable if the diameter doesn't change or change with specific scale after exposed with NaCl and MgCl2 from time to time. Conclusion: liposome that has > 100 nm and liposome that has ≤ 100 nm diameter after it given sonication and exposed with Nacl and MgCl2 is not stable from time to time."

"Berkembangnya teknologi dan meluasnya pemakaian produk herbal dalam pengobatan dan kosmetik mendorong peneliti mencoba memanfaatkan kacang kedelai dalam pembuatan kosmetik untuk krim wajah. Mengingat suatu sediaan biasanya diproduksi dalam jumlah yang besar, dan akan mengalami berbagai perlakuan dan membutuhkan waktu yang cukup panjang untuk sampai ke tangan konsumen, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kestabilan fisik dan kimia krim yang mengandung ekstrak kedelai (Glycine max) selama periode penyimpanan dan kondisi yang telah ditentukan. Pada penelitian kali ini, ekstrak kacang kedelai dibuat menjadi 4 formula dalam sediaan krim pada konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 30%. Uji kestabilan fisik dilakukan melalui pengamatan dan penyimpanan selama delapan minggu pada suhu kamar (28US ± 2USC), suhu rendah (4C°±2°C) dan suhu hangat (40C°±2°C), cycling test dan uji mekanik. Pengamatan ini ditunjang pula dengan evaluasi sediaan dan pengamatan lainnya seperti organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, konsistensi, dan diameter globul. Untuk stabilitas kimia sediaan disimpan dalam suhu hangat (40C°±2°C) selama enam minggu dan tiap minggu diukur kadarnya menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis densitometri dengan fase diam silica gel 60 F254 dan fase gerak toluen: dietil eter: asam asetat glasial dengan perbandingan 8: 10: 2 pada panjang gelombang 264 nm. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk formula 1 dan 2 cukup baik secara fisik, formula 3 terjadi perubahan warna pada penyimpanan suhu hangat (40C°±2°C) dan formula 4 memperlihatkan terjadi nya oiling pada ketiga suhu, pada uji cycling test terlihat adanya partikel, dan uji mekanik memperlihatkan adanya pemisahan fase. Untuk uji stabilitas kimia terjadi penurunan kadar pada tiap minggunya. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan formula 1 dan 2 lebih stabil dibandingkan formula 3 dan formula 4 dapat dikatakan tidak stabil secara fisik dan kimia.

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Development of technology and the widespread use of herbal products in health and cosmetic productencourage researchers to try using soybeans in the manufacture of cosmetics forface cream. The dosage forms usually produced in large numbers, are experiencing a variety of treatment and requires a long enough time to get the consumers. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical stability of cream containing extract of soybean (Glycine max) during the storage period and conditions that have been determined. In this research, soy bean extract is made into four formulas in the cream at a concentration of 2%, 4%, 8%, and 30%. Physical stability test was done through observation and storage for eight weeks at room temperature (28 0 ± 2 0 C), low temperature (4C 0 ± 2 0 C) and warm temperatures (40C 0 ± 2 0 C), cycling test and mechanical test. It was supported also by the evaluation of cream and other observations, such as observation of appearance, homogenity, pH, viscosity, consistency, and diameter of droplet. The chemical stability was done by stored in warm temperatures (40C 0 ± 2 0 C) for six weeks and every week the concentration was measured using thin layer chromatography densitometry with a stationary phase silica gel 60 F254 and the mobile phase toluene: diethyl ether: acetic acid ratio of 8: 10: 2 at a wavelength of 264 nm. The results obtained for the formula 1 and 2 were good physical stability, formula 3 had color changed on the storage of warm temperature (40C 0 ± 2 0 C) and formula 4 shows there was oiling at three temperatures, the test cycling test showed the existence of particles, and mechanical test showed existence of phase separation. The chemical stability test showed decreasing levels at each week. Therefore we can conclude that the formula 1 and 2 is more stable than the formula 3 and formula 4 can be said not physically and chemically stable."

"Minyak atsiri cengkeh dan minyak atsiri sereh dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi gel sebagai sediaan topikal pada kulit. Sediaan nanoemulsi gel ini diformulasikan dengan terlebih dahulu membuat sediaan nanoemulsi, yang selanjutnya dibuat menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi gel dengan mendispersikan nanoemulsi ke dalam gel yang telah dibuat dengan bahan aktif dari minyak atsiri cengkeh dan minyak atsiri sereh. Sediaan nanoemulsi gel kemudian dianalisis stabilitas komponen kimianya dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil analisis menggunakan GC-MS diperoleh sediaan nanoemulsi gel yang diformulasikan dari minyak cengkeh dan minyak sereh cukup stabil secara kimia.

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Clove oil and lemongrass essential oil can be formulated into Nanoemulsion Gel preparations as topical preparations for the skin. This Nanoemulsion Gel preparation is formulated by first making a nanoemulsion preparation, which is then made into a Nanoemulsion Gel preparation by dispersing the nanoemulsion into a gel that has been made with active ingredients from clove oil and lemongrass essential oil. The gel nanoemulsion preparation was then analyzed for the stability of its chemical components using GC-MS. The results of analysis using GC-MS obtained that a Nanoemulsion Gel preparation formulated from clove oil and lemongrass oil was chemically stable."

"Terdapat zat aktif yang kurang stabil dalam waktu lama jika dibuat dalam sediaan suspensi yang mengandung banyak air seperti rifampisin. Di Indonesia belum tersedia suatu pembawa sediaan suspensi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah kestabilan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formula pembawa suspensi yang stabil secara fisik dan kimia setelah penambahan isi kapsul rifampisin sebagai zat aktif. Formulasi dibuat sebanyak 4 formula dengan variasi jenis dan konsentrasi bahan pensuspensi. Formula pembawa terbaik dari hasil evaluasi volume sedimentasi, redispersi, dan pH dipilih, lalu ditambahkan kapsul rifampisin dan dilakukan pengujian stabilitas. Uji stabilitas fisik pada suhu kamar 25˚± 2˚C, suhu dingin 4˚± 2˚C, dan suhu tinggi 40˚± 2˚C selama 28 hari meliputi pengujian terhadap organoleptis (bau, bentuk, warna) dan pH menunjukkan bahwa suspensi rifampisin mengalami perubahan warna menjadi merah agak kehitaman setelah 7 hari penyimpanan, bau seperti obat, peningkatan pH, serta perubahan konsistensi. Uji stabilitas kimia dilakukan pada kondisi suhu kamar dengan menetapkan kadar rifampisin dalam suspensi menggunakan KCKT. Kadar suspensi rifampisin mengalami penurunan hingga 0,82% selama masa penyimpanan 14 hari pada suhu kamar. Dalam penelitian ini, suspensi rifampisin stabil secara fisik selama 7 hari, namun sangat tidak stabil secara kimia.

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Active ingredients in suspending vehicles with high water content, such as rifampicin, can degrade over time due to their instability. In Indonesia, there is no available suspending vehicle that can effectively address this stability issue. This research aimed to develop a stable suspending vehicle after the addition of rifampicin capsule contents as the active ingredient. Four formulations were prepared with variations in the type and concentration of suspending agents. The best suspending vehicle based on the evaluation of sedimentation volume, redispersion, and pH was selected, and then rifampicin capsules were added and stability testing was performed. Physical stability testing conducted at room temperature of 25˚± 2˚C, refrigerated temperature of 4˚± 2˚C, and elevated temperature of 40˚± 2˚C for 28 days, including organoleptic (smell, form, and color) and pH testing, revealed a color change of the rifampicin suspension to a reddish-black color after 7 days of storage, along with a medicinal odor, increased pH, and consistency change. Chemical stability testing was conducted at room temperature conditions by determining the rifampicin content in the suspension using HPLC. The rifampicin suspension concentration decreased by up to 0,82% during the 14-day storage period at room temperature. In this research, the rifampicin suspension was found to be physically stable for 7 days, but chemically very unstable."

"Omeprazol merupakan obat golongan PPI untuk penyakit refluks gastroesofageal yang diresepkan untuk segala jenis pasien, khususnya anak-anak dan pasien yang dipasang NGT. Omeprazol hanya tersedia dalam bentuk kapsul dan serbuk injeksi steril. Saat ini pembuatan obat racikan omeprazol disuspensikan dalam larutan natrium bikarbonat 8,4% yang rasanya pahit. Oleh karena itu, perlu dibuat formula pembawa suspensi untuk pembuatan omeprazol racikan. Uji stabilitas dilakukan terhadap empat formula pada suhu kamar 28C selama 14 hari dan pada suhu rendah 4C selama 30 hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suspensi omeprazol racikan mengalami perubahan warna menjadi putih kekuningan dan nilai pH yang dihasilkan relatif stabil selama masa penyimpanan pada suhu rendah. Pada kondisi penyimpanan suhu kamar, suspensi omeprazol racikan mengalami perubahan warna menjadi kuning kecokelatan. Uji stabilitas kimia dilakukan dengan menetapkan kadar omeprazol dalam suspensi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kadar suspensi omeprazol racikan mengalami penurunan selama masa penyimpanan, baik pada suhu kamar maupun suhu rendah. Hasil penetapan kadarnya menunjukkan bahwa omeprazol dalam pembawa suspensi formula A memiliki stabilitas kadar yang relatif sama dengan omeprazol dalam larutan natrium bikarbonat, yaitu >90% selama 7 hari pada penyimpanan pada suhu kamar 28C dan selama 14 hari pada penyimpanan suhu rendah 4C.

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Omeprazole is a PPI and used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease commonly prescribed in all patients, especially pediatric and patient with NGT. Omeprazole is only available in capsule form and sterile powder for injection. This has been accomplished by using 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution as the vehicle which is bitter. For that reason, a suspending vehicle containing sweetening agent for omeprazole should be formulated. Stability test of four extemporaneous suspending formulation was carried out at room temperature (28C) for 14 days and at cold temperature (4C) for 30 days.The results showed that the extemporaneous suspension of omeprazole is changed to yellowish-white color and the resulting pH is relative stable during storage at cold temperature. At room temperature, the color is changed to brownish-yellow color. Chemical stability test was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Concentration of omeprazole in the extemporaneous suspension decreased during storage. Based on stability data, it can be showed that omeprazole in the suspending vehicle of formula A has the same stability level with omeprazole in the sodium bicarbonate solution. The extemporaneous omeprazole suspension remained >90% during 7 days at room temperature and during 14 days at cold temperature."

"[ABSTRAKPropolis telah terbukti sebagai herbal yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penambahan lilin propolis dalam suatu produk kosmetik ini akan meningkatkan manfaat dari segi antimikroba. Lilin propolis terbukti efektif dalam menginhibisi jamur Candida albicans hingga 76% pada konsentrasi 79,43 mg/mL. Lilin propolis dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan menjadi bahan aktif sediaan sabun cair yang diperuntukkan untuk membersihkan mikroogranisme dalam tubuh manusia. Untuk menghantarkan aktivitas tersebut, sabun dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan sabun cair yang efektif untuk menghilangkan kotoran pada permukaan kulit dalam fase air atau minyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan formula sabun cair yang memiliki sifat fisik dan stabilitas terbaik serta teruji sifat fisika dan kimianya. Propolis dan pengental hydroxyethylcellulose akan diformulasikan menjadi sebuah sediaan sabun cair menggunakan metode saponifikasi. Pada masing – masing formula, dilakukan jumlah variasi pengental hydroxyethylcellulose dan lilin propolis untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap stabilitas sediaan. Formula yang lulus uji stabilitas kemudian akan diuji kemampuan sifat fisika dan kimianya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula lilin propolis dan pengental hydroxyethylcellulose 1,5 : 1,5 (%v/w) merupakan formula dengan stabilitas fisik terbaik. Lilin propolis dan pengental hydroxyethylcellulose terbukti tidak mampu bekerja secara tunggal untuk menghasilkan sediaan sabun cair yang stabil. Sabun cair lilin propolis dan pengental hydroxyethylcellulose ini teruji stabilitas fisika dan kimia sesuai dengan standar SNI.

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ABSTRACTPropolis wax have been reported to have antibacterial activity. The addition of propolis wax will be the latest breakthrough in the preparation of cosmetic product given propolis wax contain antimicrobial substances. Propolis wax proven effective in inhibit the fungus Candida albicans reached 76% in the concentration of 79.43 mg/mL. The herbs can be developed as antibacterial liquid soap. In order to deliver the biological activity, soap is produced as liquid soap that effective to remove dirt on the skin surface either water soluble or fat soluble. This study aims to create the best liquid soap formulation with great physical characteristics and stability, also proved in its physical and chemical properties. Each propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose was formulated into a liquid soap using saponification method. There was a variation amount of propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose in each formulation to investigate its effect on stability. The proven formula with greatest stability was continued to undergo with the test of physical and chemical properties. Result of this study showed that formula with ratio of propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose 1,5 : 1,5 (%w/v) was found to be the best. Propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose was investigated can’t work as a single material to produce stable liquid soap. Propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose liquid soap showed physical and chemical stability appropriate with SNI., Propolis wax have been reported to have antibacterial activity. The addition of propolis wax will be the latest breakthrough in the preparation of cosmetic product given propolis wax contain antimicrobial substances. Propolis wax proven effective in inhibit the fungus Candida albicans reached 76% in the concentration of 79.43 mg/mL. The herbs can be developed as antibacterial liquid soap. In order to deliver the biological activity, soap is produced as liquid soap that effective to remove dirt on the skin surface either water soluble or fat soluble. This study aims to create the best liquid soap formulation with great physical characteristics and stability, also proved in its physical and chemical properties. Each propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose was formulated into a liquid soap using saponification method. There was a variation amount of propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose in each formulation to investigate its effect on stability. The proven formula with greatest stability was continued to undergo with the test of physical and chemical properties. Result of this study showed that formula with ratio of propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose 1,5 : 1,5 (%w/v) was found to be the best. Propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose was investigated can’t work as a single material to produce stable liquid soap. Propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose liquid soap showed physical and chemical stability appropriate with SNI.]"

"Peptida merupakan suatu komponen bioaktif yang beberapa tahun terakhir banyak dimanfaatkan dalam produk kosmetik, terutama produk perawatan kulit yaitu sebagai antikerut. Asetil heksapeptida-3(8) adalah salah satu peptida yang mampu memberikan efek anti kerut. Peptida sebagai peningkat penetrasi melalui mekanisme mempengaruhi lipid intermolekuler lapisan tanduk. Peptida memberikan efek hidrasi, oleh karena itu Asetil heksapeptida-3(8) juga mampu memberikan efek peningkat penetrasi komponen lain dalam suatu sediaan. Vitamin C telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan anti kerut. Vitamin C akan memberikan efek sinergis sebagai antikerut apabila dikombinasikan dengan Asetil heksapeptida-3(8). Maka dibuat penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh Asetil heksapeptida-3(8) terhadap penetrasi vitamin C dalam sediaan serum dan pengaruh terhadap stabilitas fisik dan kimia serum. Diformulasikan serum vitamin C yang mengandung Asetil heksapeptida- 3(8) dan tanpa peptida, kemudian dibandingkan daya penetrasinya secara in vitro dengan sel difusi Franz menggunakan kulit abdomen tikus. Jumlah kumulatif vitamin C yang terpenetrasi mealui kulit dari serum tanpa peptida adalah 20506,40 ± 8,14 μg/cm2 dan serum dengan peptida adalah 14391,91 ± 8,24 μg/cm2. Fluks vitamin C dari serum tanpa peptida adalah 2563,30 ± 1,02 μg/cm2 jam-1 dan serum dengan peptida 1798,99 ± 1,03 μg/cm2 jam-1. Dari uji stabilitas fisik, suhu rendah didapatkan paling stabil, sedangkan uji stabilitas kimia menggunakan KLT densitometer menunjukkan terjadi penguraian vitamin C pada semua kondisi penyimpanan.

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Peptide is bioactive component that has been used in cosmetics in recent years, especially in skin care products because of its function as anti wrinkle substance. Acetyl hexapeptide-3(8) is on of peptide well-known by its antiwrinkle. Peptide for penetration enhancer agent through the mecanism of intermolecular affect of stratrum corneum lipids. Because of its hydration effect, Asetil heksapeptide-3(8) might enhance penetration of the other compound in a preparation. Vitamin C still has antioxidant and antiwrinkle activities. The combination of the Acetyl hexapeptide-3(8) and vitamin C result in a synergict effect producing anti wrinkle substance. Therefore, were made a research to understad the effect of Acetyl hexapeptide-3(8) on vitamin C penetration in serum preparation, and effect of those peptide on its physical and chemical stability. Two kinds of serum preparation, serum vitamin C with Acetyl hexapeptide-3(8) and without peptide. Penetration ability through skin was examined by in vitro Franz diffusion cell test using rat abdomen skin. Total cumulative penetration of vitamin C from serum without peptide and with peptide were 20506,40 ± 8,14 μg/cm2 and 14391,91 ± 8,24 μg/cm2. The percentage of penetrated vitamin C from serum without peptide and with peptide were 2563,30 ± 1,02 μg/cm2 hour-1 and 1798,99 ± 1,03 μg/cm2 hour-1. From physical test, low temperature condition shown the most stable form, while chemical stability test using TLC densitometer revealed vitamin C degradation at all temperature condition."

"Latar Belakang: C. albicans rongga mulut adalah flora normal yang dapat berubahmenjadi patogen sehingga menyebabkan kandidiasis oral. Ekstrak etanol temulawakdengan kandungan utama xanthorrhizol dilaporkan dapat menginhibisi danmengeradikasi biofilm C. albicans pada konsentrasi 15%, serta menurunkan aktifitasenzim fosfolipase dan proteinase C. albicans. Selanjutnya, ekstrak etanol temulawakdiformulasikan dan dikembangkan menjadi bentuk sediaan obat tetes mikroemulsi.Dalam pengembangan bentuk sediaan obat, maka diperlukan penetapan formulasi danuji stabilitas biologis, fisik, dan kimia. Tujuan: Menetapkan formulasi danmengevaluasi stabilitas fisik dan kimia obat tetes mikroemulsi ekstrak etanoltemulawak Metode: Ekstrak etanol temulawak 15% diformulasikan menjadi sediaanobat tetes mikroemulsi. Kemudian stabilitas fisik dan kimia dievaluasi 2-4 minggupada 3 suhu penyimpanan yang berbeda yaitu 4±2oC; 28±2oC; dan 40±2oC. Selanjutnyastabilitas fisik berupa organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, dan tipe alirandievaluasi. Pada stabilitas kimia dievaluasi perubahan kadar xanthorrhizol setelah 2dan 4 minggu, menggunakan metode GC-MS. Hasil: Formulasi obat tetes mikroemulsimengandung ekstrak etanol temulawak 15% memiliki organoleptik; larutan kuningkecoklatan, rasa pahit, dan berbau khas jamu, homogenitas; terjadi pemisahan antarakomponen minyak dan air, pH berkisar 6,3-6,9, dan tipe alir pseudoplastis pada 2-4minggu dengan 3 suhu penyimpanan. Viskositas menurun seiring dengan peningkatansuhu penyimpanan. Kadar xanthorrhizol menurun setelah 2-4 minggu pada ketiga suhupenyimpanan. Kesimpulan: Adanya pemisahan komponen minyak dan air sertapenurunan kadar zat aktif dalam kurun 2-4 minggu mendasari kesimpulan bahwaformulasi obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak 15% tidak stabil secara fisik dan kimiasetelah disimpan selama 2 dan 4 minggu sehingga masih diperlukan reformulasi.

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Introduction: C. albicans is a normal flora in oral cavity that can be pathogenic that

causing oral candidiasis. Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract has a main

component, xanthorrhizol that was reported to be able to inhibit and eradicate C.

albicans biofilms at a 15% concentration and reduce the activity of phospholipase and

proteinase enzymes of C. albicans. Furthermore, curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract

is formulated and developed into microemulsion oromucosal drops. In the development

of the drug, it is necessary to determine the formulation and test the stability in

biological, physical, and chemical. Objective: Determining the formulation and

evaluating the physical and chemical stability of microemulsion oromucosal drops

containing 15% curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract. Methods: Curcuma

xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract is formulated into microemulsion oromucosal drops

containing 15% curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract. Then, the physical and

chemical stability are evaluated for 2-4 weeks in 3 different temperature, that is 4 ±

2oC; 28 ± 2oC; and 40 ± 2oC. Furthermore, the physical stability in the form of

organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and flowing type are evaluated. Chemical

stability is evaluated the xanthorrhizol level using the GC-MS method. Results:

Microemulsio oromucosal drops containing 15% curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic

extract have organoleptic; brownish-yellow solution, bitter taste, and smells like herb,

homogeneity; there is a separation between the oil and water phase, pH ranges from

6,3-6,9, and flowing type are pseudoplastic. The viscosity value decreases with the

increasing of storage temperature. Xanthorrhizol level are decreasing after 2-4 weeks

of storage in the 3 different temperature. Conclusion: The separation between the oil

and water phase and degradation of xanthorrhizol level after stored 2-4 weeks are the

underlying conclusion that formulation of oromucosal drops containing curcuma

xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract are not stabile in physical and chemical after stored for 2

and 4 weeks so that the drugs need to be reformulated."

"Liposom merupakan salah satu produk nano yang sedang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas obat dan menurunkan efek sampingnya jika digunakan dalam jangka panjang. Sebagai pembawa obat, kini telah dikembangkan liposom formulasi baru yang mengandung lesitin/ fosfatidilkolin kuning telur (egg yolk phosphatidyl choline = EPC) dan TEL 2,5 mol % dari Thermoplasma acidophilum, dinamakan sebagai liposom EPC-TEL 2,5. Liposom EPCTEL 2,5 belum pernah diuji stabilitas kimianya dengan pemajanan larutan CaCl2 350 mOsmol pH 7 secara in vitro. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah liposom dengan pajanan larutan dan tanpa pajanan pada diameter ¡Ü 100 nm dan > 100 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan liposom formulasi baru EPC-TEL 2,5 yang disonikasi dengan pajanan CaCl2 350 mOsmol pH 7 tidak stabil dari awal penelitian sampai akhir penelitian.350 mOsmol pH 7 exposure.

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Liposome is one of the nanotechnology products which is now being developed to increase drug effectivity and to decrease drug adverse effects in long term use. As a drug carrier, the new liposome combination was made from lecithin/ egg yolk phophatidyl choline (EPC) and TEL 2,5 mol% from Thermoplasma acidophilum, named EPC-TEL 2,5. This combination has never been tested before, especially its chemical stability after being exposed to CaCl2 350 mOsmol pH 7 in vitro. Chemical stability test for liposome EPC-TEL 2,5 was done by counting liposome particle (which diametre ¡Ü 100 nm and > 100 nm), with and without CaCl2 exposure. It is found that the new liposome combination EPCTEL 2,5 with CaCl2 exposure is not stable from beginning until the end of research."