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"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh terjadinya dinamika politik pasca penandatangan perjanjian antara Republik Indonesia dan Republik Singapura pada tanggal 10 maret 2009 tentang penetapan garis batas laut wilayah kedua negara di bagian barat tahun 2009. Hal ini menjadi menarik diteliti untuk mengetahui dinamika politik di DPR-RI dalam proses ratifikasi penetapan perjanjian kedua negara tersebut dan juga untuk melihat kepentingan masing-masing negara akan terbentuknya Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2010. Penelitian ini fokus kepada dinamika politik yang terjadi di DPR dalam proses ratifikasi mengenai perjanjian batas wilayah Laut RI-Singapura di bagian barat tahun 2009. Dan juga untuk memberi gambaran akan kepentingan kedua belah pihak dalam pegesahan perjanjian tersebut. Dimana dasar dari pengesahan Ratifikasi oleh DPR-RI ini menjadi acuan mulai berlakunya perjanjian tersebut dengan bentuk Undang-undang No. 4 Tahun 2010. Sebagai pijakan teoritis, penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Kebijakan Publik dari William Dunn, James E. Anderson, Thomas R. Dye dan Robert Eyestone, Teori Kepentingan Nasional dari Donald E. Neuchterlein, teori 'Two Level Game' dari Robert D. Putnam, dan Teori Ekonomi Politik Internasional dari Robert Gilpin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian eksplanasi, dan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer berasal dari wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview) dimana wawancara yang digunakan adalah wawancara tidak berstruktur. Sedangkan data sekunder meliputi buku-buku, jurnal, peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen-dokumen DPR-RI, dokumen risalah rapat, dan dokumen lainnya. Setelah dilakukan analisis, Dinamika politik di DPR. Terbagi pro-kontra antara pihak yang mendesak perjanjian ini diratifikasi dan pihak yang berpendapat perjanjian ini tidak perlu segera diratifikasi. Pada tanggal 24 Mei 2010, Pemerintah bersama DPR akhirnya menyepakati pembahasan RUU Ratifikasi Perjanjian Indonesia-Singapura tentang batas wilayah menjadi UU No. 4 Tahun 2010 tentang Pengesahan Perjanjian antara Republik Indonesia dan Republik Singapura tentang penetapan garis Batas Laut Wilayah Kedua Negara di Bagian Selat Singapura 2009. Faktor yang mendasari DPR meratifikasi perjanjian ini antara lain berdasarkan UNCLOS 1982 dimana kegiatan reklamasi pantai yang dilakukan Singapura tidak akan mempengaruhi luas wilayah laut Indonesia, dan menyusutnya luas Pulau Nipa juga tidak berdampak pada pengukuran garis dasar. Dan menegaskan titik dasar Pulau Nipa sebagai pulau terdepan Indonesia dijadikan sebagai dasar pengukuran garis dasar terhadap batas maritim Indonesia. Dengan diratifikasinya UU No. 4 Tahun 2010 ini menandakan bahwa ekspor pasir yang sempat ditutup oleh Menperindag Rini Suwandi tahun 2003 akhirnya dibuka kembali. Implikasi Teoritis menunjukan bahwa Teori Kepentingan Nasional, Teori Kebijakan Publik, Teori 'two level game' dan Teori Ekonomi Politik Internasional dapat menjelaskan mengapa undang-undang batas wilayah laut ini lahir.

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The political dynamics after the ratification agreement between Indonesia and Singapore in 10 March 2009 became the background of this research. The agreement regulates the western sea boundary between the two countries in 2009. This dynamic is interesting to research on to know the political dynamics after this ratification and the national interests of each of these countries that lead to the introduction of Regulation No. 4 in 2010.

For its theoretical framework, this research used public policy theories from various scientists, such as William Dunn, James E. Anderson, Thomas R. Dye and Robert Eyestone, theories on national interest from Donald E. Neuchterlein, the 'Two Level Game' theory from Robert D. Putnam and International Political Economy Theory from Robert Gilpin.

This research uses qualitative methods with explanatory research and uses data collection technique for primary and secondary data. Primary data comes from indepth unstructured interview. Secondary data are gathered from books, journals, regulations, DPR-RI legal documents, meeting minutes and other documents.

After data was analysed, it shows there were pros and cons between members of the DPR towards the ratification. On 24 May 2010, the government with DPR finally agreed on discussing the draft of regulation on the ratification. The influencing factor of DPR finally agreeing of this ratification is the UNCLOS 1982 where the shore reclamation done by Singapore would not decrease Indonesia territorial boundary and the decreasing width of Nipa island did not influence Indonesia's boundaries as the island remains the boundary point island in Indonesia's maritime territory.

By ratifying the Regulation No. 4 in 2010, the export of sand that once was banned by the then Minister of Industry and Trading Rini Suwandi in 2003 has been allowed to continue. Theoretical implication shows that all theories used (the National Interest, Public Policy, 'Two Level Game' and International Political Economy Theories) can explain the introduction of this regulation on maritime boundaries."

"[ABSTRAKEra reformasi telah membawa angin perubahan di segala bidang salah satunya di bidang pemerintahan daerah. Sejak dilaksankan otonomi daerah luas melalui Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah wilayah Indonesia telah mengalami banyak perubahan.Perubahan wilayah ini disebabkan adanya pemekaran daerah sebagai salah satu cara pembentukan daerah baru. Hal ini juga merupakan implementasi dari otonomi daerah sehingga masing-masing daerah berusaha untuk menjadi daerah otonom. Akibat dari kebijakan tersebut, muncullah daerah-daerah otonom baru (DOB). Tanpa disadari akibat pemekaran wilayah menyebabkan timbulnya konflik horizontal. Konflik horizontal ini memunculkan berbagai macam permasalahan baru dari persoalan pengelolaan sumber daya alam sampai dengan sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah otonom baru. Timbulnya sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah disebabkan masing-masing pihak yang bersengketa memiliki penafsiran yang berbeda terhadap wilayah yang dimilikinya.Terhadap permasalahan ini, Undang-undang Pemerintahan Daerah telah menyediakan mekanisme penyelesaiannya melalui Gubernur apabila terjadi sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah otonom baru dalam satu provinsi dan melalui Menteri Dalam Negeri apabila terjadi sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah kabupaten/kota lintas provinsi yang bersifat final. Akan tetapi dalam prakteknya, penyelesaian ini tidak memberikan rasa keadilan bagi pihak yang merasa dirugikan akibat mekanisme ini. Sehingga pihak yang merasa dirugikan akan membawa permasalahan ini ke ranah hukum yaitu melalui Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penyelesaian sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah melalui Mahkamah Konstitusi dilakukan dengan cara mengajukan permohonan pengujian undang-undang pembentukan daerah terhadap Undang-UndangDasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang bersifat final dan mengikat. Penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan praktek penyelesaian sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah otonom baru yang dilakukan menurut Undang-undang Pemerintahan dan melalui pengujian undang-undang di Mahkamah Konstitusi.

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ABSTRACTThe reform era has brought a wind of change in all areas including in the field of local governance. Since the autonomous region was implemented through Act No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government regions of Indonesia have undergone many changes. Changes in the area due to the expansion region as one way the formation of new areas. This is also the implementation of regional autonomy so that each region seeks to become an autonomous area. The result of these policies, came the new autonomous areas (DOB). Unnoticed due to the onset of the conflict led to the blossoming of horizontal.This horizontal conflicts gave rise to a variety of new problems of natural resource management issues to a dispute between the territorial boundaries of the region. The onset of the dispute between the borders area due to each party to the dispute has a different interpretation of its own territory. With respect to this issue, the Act Government has provided a mechanism for settlement through the Governor in the event of a dispute between the territorial boundaries in one province and through the Ministry of Home Affairs in the event of a dispute between the borders area of district/city cross the province are final. However, in practice, this settlement does not provide a sense of fairness to the parties who feel aggrieved by this mechanism. So those who feel aggrieved will bring this issue into the realm of law, namely through the Constitutional Court. The dispute between the territory through the boundary of the Constitutional Court is carried out by means of applying for a testing area of legislation against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 which are final and binding. This research would like to explain the dispute resolution practice of territorial boundaries between areas is conducted according to Government legislation and through the testing laws in the Constitutional Court.;The reform era has brought a wind of change in all areas including in the field of local governance. Since the autonomous region was implemented through Act No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government regions of Indonesia have undergone many changes. Changes in the area due to the expansion region as one way the formation of new areas. This is also the implementation of regional autonomy so that each region seeks to become an autonomous area. The result of these policies, came the new autonomous areas (DOB). Unnoticed due to the onset of the conflict led to the blossoming of horizontal.This horizontal conflicts gave rise to a variety of new problems of natural resource management issues to a dispute between the territorial boundaries of the region. The onset of the dispute between the borders area due to each party to the dispute has a different interpretation of its own territory. With respect to this issue, the Act Government has provided a mechanism for settlement through the Governor in the event of a dispute between the territorial boundaries in one province and through the Ministry of Home Affairs in the event of a dispute between the borders area of district/city cross the province are final. However, in practice, this settlement does not provide a sense of fairness to the parties who feel aggrieved by this mechanism. So those who feel aggrieved will bring this issue into the realm of law, namely through the Constitutional Court. The dispute between the territory through the boundary of the Constitutional Court is carried out by means of applying for a testing area of legislation against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 which are final and binding. This research would like to explain the dispute resolution practice of territorial boundaries between areas is conducted according to Government legislation and through the testing laws in the Constitutional Court.;The reform era has brought a wind of change in all areas including in the field of local governance. Since the autonomous region was implemented through Act No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government regions of Indonesia have undergone many changes. Changes in the area due to the expansion region as one way the formation of new areas. This is also the implementation of regional autonomy so that each region seeks to become an autonomous area. The result of these policies, came the new autonomous areas (DOB). Unnoticed due to the onset of the conflict led to the blossoming of horizontal.This horizontal conflicts gave rise to a variety of new problems of natural resource management issues to a dispute between the territorial boundaries of the region. The onset of the dispute between the borders area due to each party to the dispute has a different interpretation of its own territory. With respect to this issue, the Act Government has provided a mechanism for settlement through the Governor in the event of a dispute between the territorial boundaries in one province and through the Ministry of Home Affairs in the event of a dispute between the borders area of district/city cross the province are final. However, in practice, this settlement does not provide a sense of fairness to the parties who feel aggrieved by this mechanism. So those who feel aggrieved will bring this issue into the realm of law, namely through the Constitutional Court. The dispute between the territory through the boundary of the Constitutional Court is carried out by means of applying for a testing area of legislation against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 which are final and binding. This research would like to explain the dispute resolution practice of territorial boundaries between areas is conducted according to Government legislation and through the testing laws in the Constitutional Court., The reform era has brought a wind of change in all areas including in the field of local governance. Since the autonomous region was implemented through Act No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government regions of Indonesia have undergone many changes. Changes in the area due to the expansion region as one way the formation of new areas. This is also the implementation of regional autonomy so that each region seeks to become an autonomous area. The result of these policies, came the new autonomous areas (DOB). Unnoticed due to the onset of the conflict led to the blossoming of horizontal.This horizontal conflicts gave rise to a variety of new problems of natural resource management issues to a dispute between the territorial boundaries of the region. The onset of the dispute between the borders area due to each party to the dispute has a different interpretation of its own territory. With respect to this issue, the Act Government has provided a mechanism for settlement through the Governor in the event of a dispute between the territorial boundaries in one province and through the Ministry of Home Affairs in the event of a dispute between the borders area of district/city cross the province are final. However, in practice, this settlement does not provide a sense of fairness to the parties who feel aggrieved by this mechanism. So those who feel aggrieved will bring this issue into the realm of law, namely through the Constitutional Court. The dispute between the territory through the boundary of the Constitutional Court is carried out by means of applying for a testing area of legislation against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 which are final and binding. This research would like to explain the dispute resolution practice of territorial boundaries between areas is conducted according to Government legislation and through the testing laws in the Constitutional Court.]"

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penyelesaian sengketa batas daerah yang terkait dengan pemekaran daerah, sengketa batas daerah ini terjadi di wilayah Bandara Udara Soekarno-Hatta, antara Kabupaten Tangerang dan Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada faktor penyebab terjadinya sengketa batas daerah, pelaksanaan penyelesaian sengketa batas daerah sesuai Permendagri No. 76 Tahun 2012 dan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa batas daerah melalui jalur pengadilan. Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan penyelesaian sengketa batas daerah pada objek penelitian.

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This thesis discusses the settlement of regional boundary disputes related to the expansion of the region, this boundary disputes occurred in the area of Soekarno Hatta Airport, between Kabupaten Tangerang and Kota Tangerang. This study focuses on the factors causing the occurrence of regional boundary disputes, the implementation of local boundary dispute resolution in accordance Permendagri no. 76 of 2012 and alternative settlement of border area disputes through the court. This study analyzes the implementation of local boundary dispute resolution on the research object."

"Indonesia merupakan negara Kepulauan yang diakui oleh internasional menentukan batas wilayah menurut hukum Internasional UNCLOS 1982. Saat ini masih memiliki batas wilayah yang belum ditentukan dengan negara tetangga salah satunya batas wilayah ZEE dengan Negara Vietnam di Laut Natuna Utara. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan insiden dalam penegakan hukum di ZEEI. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif eksplanatory dengan analisis data menggunakan Soft System Methodology (SSM). Penegakan hukum oleh Negara Indonesia di Laut Natuna Utara yang berbatasan dengan Vietnam terkendala dengan belum adanya Provisional Arrangement tentang penegakan hukum antara Indonesia dengan Vietnam hal ini diatur di dalam Pasal 74 UNCLOS 1982, untuk mengatasi insiden dalam penegakan hukum di perbatasan ZEE yang belum disepakati maka ditegaskan terkait tentang wilayah tumpang tindih antara negara Indonesia dan Vietnam agar berpedoman pada Surat Menteri Koordinator Politik, Hukum dan Keamanan Nomor B-142/LN00.00/7/2019 tanggal 23 Juli 2019 tentang Pedoman Penegakan Hukum di Wilayah Tumpang Tindih."

"makalah ini didasarkan pada masalah makalah-makalah penulis yang disampaikan di Lemhanas dengan judul menyempurnakan penetapan batas wilayah NKRI guna memantapkan kesatuan wilayah dalam menjalin kepentingan nasional."

"Tujuan penelitian ini ada1ah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis: realitas penetapan dan penegasan batas wilayah desa menurut UU No 32 tahun 2014, masalah dan solusi yang diambil untuk mengatasi masalah, peran camat dalam hal penetapan dan penegasan batas desa sesuai dengan UU No 23 Tahun 2014 ten tang Pemerintahan Daerah. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini penting mengingat UU No 32 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah, beberapa pasal telah dicabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku lagi, tetapi pasal yang mengamanatkan tentang batas desa tetap berlaku. Sementara itu telah terbit 2 (dua) UU yang baru sebagai penganti dan merupakan turunan dari UU no. 32 tahun 2004 yaitu, UU No.6 tahun 2014 ten tang Desa dan UU 23 tahun 2014 tentang pemerintahan daerah. Meskipun pengaturan ten tang penetapan dan penegasan batas wilayah desa diatur secara rinci dalam peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri (Permendagri) No. 27 tahun 2006 tentang Penetapan dan Penegasan Batas Desa sebagai turunan dari UU no. 32 tahun 2004 tentang dan peraturan pemerintah No. 72 tentang Desa namun dalam realitanya terjadi hal yang kotroversial, karena penetapan dan penegasan batas desa diatur secara teknis melalui Permendagri No. 27 tahun 2006 tersebut, tidak satupun para stakeholder yaitu para Bupati paling tidak di 4 (empat) provinsi daerah sampel penelitian yang mengimplementasikan Permendagri dimaksud dalam penetapan dan penegasan desa di daerahnya masing-masing."