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"Inhoud :- Nederlands recht tot onzijdigheid- Naschrift - De neutraliteitsproclamatie 1939 - De handelsoorlog en de rechten der neutralen"

"Bureaucracy,inside which the civil servants are,is one of important political structure in democratizion process.Tendency which has happened,during the period of New Order Government was that bureaucracy became political power machine in order to justify all government policies...."

"Madiation as one of conflict resolution tool needs neutrality as its prerequisite. Neutrality is needed to guarantee that the third party does not have any vested or national interest. Vested or national interest of the third party will affect the mediation and the negotiation will not reach the best result for each parties. In this case neutrality cannot be fulfilled by United Nation in Morocco-Western Sahara negosiation and this is become stalemate in resolving conflict between Moroco and Western Sahara. This paper will examine why UN cannot play as neutral mediator in this negotiation."

"Pelanggaran netralitas Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) pada Pemilu tahun 2019 tercatat sebanyak 990 kasus dengan mayoritas kasus tidak memisahkan pribadi dan jabatan PNS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pelanggaran netralitas ASN berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan bahan kepustakaan berupa data sekunder dengan studi dokumen. Tipologi dari penelitian ini berdasarkan sifatnya adalah deskriptif analisis. Metode analisis terhadap data menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif. Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin PNS mengatur netralitas lebih luas hingga tidak memisahkan pribadi dan jabatan PNS dibandingkan dengan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara. Pengaturan tersebut dibuktikan dengan kasus PNS Kota Malang dan PNS Kabupaten Cianjur. Pengaturan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan dan penegakan oleh institusi terkait netralitas PNS terlihat mencampuradukkan pribadi PNS dengan jabatannya sebagai birokrat. Pengaturan netralitas terkait Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) terdapat pada Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 2014, Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 2014, dan Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017. Penerapan sanksi pelanggaran netralitas ASN diterapkan berdasarkan kasus PNS Kota Malang dan PNS Kabupaten Cianjur. Instansi penegak netralitas, seperti BKN, Bawaslu, dan KASN memiliki perannya masing-masing.

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Violation of the neutrality of Civil Servants (PNS) in the 2019 Election was recorded as many as 990 cases with the majority of cases not separating the personal and civil servant positions. This study aims to describe and analyze violations of ASN neutrality based on statutory regulations. The research method used in this study is a normative legal research method with literature material in the form of secondary data with document studies. The typology of this research by its nature is descriptive analysis. The method of analysis of data uses qualitative analysis methods. Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning Elections and Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 concerning the Discipline of Civil Servants regulates broader neutrality so that they do not separate civil servants and positions compared to Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus. This arrangement is proven by the case of Malang City Civil Servants and Cianjur Regency Civil Servants. Arrangements based on laws and regulations by institutions related to the neutrality of civil servants seem to confuse civil servants with their positions as bureaucrats. The neutrality arrangement related to Civil Servants (PNS) is contained in Law No. 5 of 2014, Law No. 30 of 2014, and Law No. 7 of 2017. The application of ASN neutrality violation sanctions is applied based on the case of Malang City Civil Servants and Cianjur Regency Civil Servants. The neutrality enforcement agencies, such as BKN, Bawaslu, and KASN have their respective roles."

"Bureaucracy can be perceived as personification of government be cause who undertakes the daylly tasks of government in order to realize national objectves is bureaucracy plays the key role to bring into reality the concept of good governance in the implementation of government tasks...."

"Bureaucracy in the living of modern state is an implementer institution to reach the goal of the state and governance. Bureaucracy practiced in the world of governance emerges a concept of governance bureaucracy that has become a determinant factor in conducting governance whereas the success of governance is determined by its governance bureaucracy. As success determinant in achieving the goal of the state, it is expected to be able to perform optimum role in governance implementation. Therefore, we need bureaucracy that is able to perform professionally and neutral. In carrying out the governance, neutrality professionalism bureaucracy can realize effective and afficient bureaucracy in order to achieve state goal especial to enhance public welfare. Therefore, effort to energizing bureaucracy is pretty needed to carry out governance."

"Suksesi melalui proses pemilihan umum merupakan momen penting bagi kelangsungan demokrasi, begitu pula menjadi momen yang rawan terjadi penyalahgunaan kekuasaan, korupsi, serta konflik sosial. Dalam kaitannya dengan hubungan antara Negara, demokrasi dan netralitas, penting untuk memastikan sikap netral dari aparatur negara pada masa pemilu. Baik yang bersifat birokratis, seperti ASN, maupun instrumen ketertiban umum dan ketahanan nasional seperti TNI/Polri. Pelayanan yang diselenggarakan oleh aparat birokrasi sepatutnya didasarkan pada profesionalisme bukan karena kepentingan politik. Netralitas juga dimaknai bahwa pemerintahan hendaknya tidak memihak pada kepentingan golongan, tetapi bertindak atas dasar sikap profesionalisme dengan kemampuan individu yang kredibel dan tingkat kapabilitas yang tinggi. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisa terhadap kecenderungan keberpihakan Polri terhadap penguasa dalam kontestasi politik Pemilu tahun 2019. Lebih jauh, penelitian ini akan berupaya menjawab bagaimana implementasi netralitas Polri di masa depan dalam perspektif pemolisian demokratis di Indonesia. Dalam rangka menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui proses wawancara, triangulasi dan kajian pustaka. Analisis penelitian ini dilakukan secara hierarkis linier. Dalam konteks ini, penulis melihat penerapan birokrasi yang netral dan Polri yang menerapkan democratic policing belum tercermin dalam konteks pelaksanaan dan pengamanan pada masa Pemilu, khususnya dalam konteks penelitian ini, Pemilu tahun 2019. Lebih jauh, Polri dan seluruh jajarannya harus melakukan adaptasi dan bertransformasi untuk menjawab semua tantangan yang membentang. Terutama mengingat dengan hadirnya masyarakat digital yang dapat bertindak sebagai civil oversight melalui media sosial.

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Succession through the election process is an important moment for the continuity of democracy and a moment that is prone to abuse of power, corruption, and social conflicts. Regarding the relationship between the State, democracy, and neutrality, it is critical to ensure the neutrality of the state apparatus during the election period. Not only bureaucracy, such as civil servants but also keepers of public order and national security such as the military and the police. Public services provided by the bureaucratic apparatus should be based on professionalism instead of political interests. Neutrality also means that the government should not side with group interests but act based on a professional attitude with credible individual abilities and a high level of capability. The research aims to analyse the inclination of Indonesian National Police (Polri) towards incumbent on political contestation, such as election, in 2019. Furthermore, the current research will attempt to shed light on implementing the police neutrality model in the future based on the perspective of democratic policing in Indonesia. The research employs the qualitative approach using a case study design. Data are collected through interviews, triangulation, and literature review. The analysis of this research is carried out in a linear hierarchical manner. In this context, the author argues that the implementation of a neutral bureaucracy and democratic policing has not been reflected in the general election context especially during the 2019 general election. Polri needs to answer all the challenges that arise especially considering a digital community that can act as a civil oversight through social media.

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