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"Latar belakang: Penuaan merupakan proses biologis yang ditandai dengan prosesdegenerasi pada sel yang menyebabkan perubahan struktur dan penurunan fungsijaringan dan organ. Prevalensi sejumlah penyakit degeneratif meningkat padakelompok lansia, salah satunya adalah penyakit organ ginjal. Biaya penangananpenyakit ginjal saat ini masih sangat mahal, sehingga dapat membebani ekonominegara dan masih menjadi suatu masalah di dunia kedokteran. Salah satumekanisme proses penuaan adalah adanya stres oksidatif. Tanaman Centellaasiatica (CA) dan Acalypha indica (AI) diketahui memiliki kandungan antioksidantinggi. Sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan CA dan AI dalammemperbaiki kondisi stres oksidatif.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak CA dan AI terhadap gambaranhistologis glomerulus pada ginjal tikus Sprague-Dawley tua.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel bahan biologis tersimpan berupa blokparafin jaringan ginjal dari penelitian sebelumnya. Terdapat 5 kelompok perlakuan:tikus usia muda (8-12 minggu), tikus usia tua (20-24 bulan), tikus tua + AI, tikustua + CA, dan tikus tua + Vitamin E. Perlakuan diberikan selama 28 hari sebelumterminasi tikus. Organ ginjal diproses menjadi preparat histologis denganpewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin, dan dilakukan pengukuran 3 variabel yaitu jumlahglomerulus, diameter glomerulus, dan persentase luas ruang Bowman.Hasil: Tikus usia tua mempunyai kecenderungan untuk mempunyai jumlahglomerulus yang lebih sedikit dan persentase luas ruang Bowman yang lebih kecildibanding kelompok lainnya, namun secara statistik tidak bermakna (ANOVAp=0,260 dan p=0,141). Pengukuran diameter glomerulus juga menunjukkankecenderungan tikus tua mempunyai diameter yang lebih besar (ANOVA p=0,000),tetapi tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada pemberian AI (p=0,697) maupun CA (p=0,158).Simpulan: Ekstrak Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica tidak menyebabkanperubahan bermakna pada gambaran histologis glomerulus tikus tua. Diperlukanpenelitian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan dosis yang lebih besar dan durasiperlakuan lebih lama untuk mengetahui efek anti-aging pada ginjal dari AI dan CA.

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Background: Aging is a biological process marked by cellular degeneration that

causes structural changes and declining organ function. The prevalence of

degenerative diseases has increased in the elderly population, one of which is

kidney disease. The current cost for kidney diseases management is very expensive,

therefore it could burden the country’s economy, and it is still a major health

problem. One of the main underlying mechanism in the aging process is oxidative

stress. Herbal plants such as Centella asiatica (CA) and Acalypha indica (AI) are

known to have high antioxidant levels. Previous studies have shown that CA and

AI have the capability to inhibit the oxidative stress.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica extract

on glomerular histology of the old Sprague-Dawley rats.

Method: We used stored biological samples of the kidney paraffin blocks taken

from the previous study. There were 5 treatment groups: younger age rats (8-12

weeks), older age rats (20-24 months), old rats + AI, old rats + CA, and old rats +

Vitamin E. Treatments were given in 28 days and then the rats were terminated.

The kidneys were processed into histological slides with hematoxylin-eosin

staining. There were 3 variables measured from the samples, which were

glomerular number, glomerular diameter, and Bowman’s space area percentage.

Result: The old rats tend to have fewer glomerular number and narrowing

Bowman’s space area percentage compared to other groups, however they are not

statistically significant (ANOVA p=0,260 dan p=0,141). The old rats also have the

tendency of bigger glomerular diameter (ANOVA p=0,000), however it is not

significantly different in AI (p=0,697) and CA treatment (p=0,158).

Conclusion: Our study showed that the extract of Acalypha indica and Centella did

not cause any histological changes in the glomerulus of the older age rats. Further

studies are needed using higher dosage and longer duration of treatment to

investigate the antiaging effect of AI and CA in the aging kidney"

"ABSTRAKAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) merupakan sindrom penurunan fungsi ginjal dalam mengatur keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit tubuh, serta eksresi zat sisa metabolisme secara tiba-tiba, yang ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi ginjal dalam beberapa hari. Dalam patofisiologinya,terdapat 3 jenis AKI yaitu AKI pra-renal, intrinsik, dan post-renal. Salah satu penyebab AKI adalah kondisi Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (IRI). IRI merupakan kondisi kerusakan jaringan yang disebabkan aliran darah balik ke jaringan setelah terjadi iskemia (anoksia, hipoksia). Iskemia yang terjadi pada jaringan ginjal menyebabkan berbagai kondisi yang berakibat pada stres oksidatif dan inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil BUN dan kreatinin pada tikus model Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus jantan galur Sparague Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok normal (sham), iskemia 15 menit, 30, dan 45 menit. Setiap kelompok terdiri atas 6 tikus dengan berat badan antara 150-200gram. Induksi Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury dilakukan dengan metode bilateral renal pedicle clamping. Pengamatan dilakukan sebelum dilaksanakan perlakuan atau jam ke 0 serta di jam ke 24, 48, dan minggu kedua setelah induksi melalui kadar kreatinin serum dan kadar BUN serum. Data diolah secara statistik secara SPSS dengan one way ANOVA method. Induksi Ischemia Reperfusion Injury selama 15 menit menyebabkan peningkatan kadar serum kreatinin dan BUN pada jam ke 24 (p<0,05), 48 (p<0,05) serta penurunan pada minggu ke 2 (p>0,05). Sedangkan pada Induksi Ischemia Reperfusion Injury selama 30 menit, peningkatan kadar serum kreatinin kadar BUN baru terjadi di jam ke 48 (p<0,05) serta penurunan di minggu ke dua (p>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, induksi Ischemia Reperfusion Injury menyebabkan peningkatan kadar kreatinin dan BUN pada 24 jam setelah reperfusi serta penurunan pada 14 hari setelah reperfusi

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ABSTRACT

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a syndrome of decreased kidney function in regulating the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as sudden excretion of metabolic waste, which is characterized by a decrease in kidney function within a few days. In its pathophysiology, there are 3 types of AKI namely pre-renal, intrinsic, and post-renal AKI. One of the causes of AKI is the condition of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (IRI). IRI is a condition of tissue damage caused by blood flow back to the tissue after ischemia (anoxia, hypoxia). Ischemia that occurs in kidney tissue causes various conditions that result in oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aims to determine the profile of BUN and creatinine level as a biochemical marker for kidney disease in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury rat model. A total of 24 Sparague Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups: normal (sham), ischemic 15 minutes, 30, and 45 minutes. Each group consists of 6 rats weighing between 150-200 gram. Induction of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury is performed using bilateral renal pedicle clamping method. Observations were made before the treatment or the 0th hour and at 24, 48, and the second week after induction through creatinine serum levels and BUN serum levels. The data is processed statistically by SPSS with the one way ANOVA method. Induction of Ischemia Injury Reperfusion for 15 minutes caused an increase in serum creatinine and BUN levels at 24 hours (p <0.05), 48 (p <0.05) and replacement at week 2 (p> 0.05). Whereas in the induction of Ischemic Reperfusion Injury for 30 minutes, the increase in serum BUN creatinine levels occurred at 48 hours (p <0.05) and decreased in the second week (p> 0.05). Based on these results, the induction of Reperfusion Ischemia Injury caused an increase in creatinine and BUN levels 24 hours after reperfusion and decreased 14 days after reperfusion."