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Gambar sadas di Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat, Kalimantan Timur adalah salah satu di antara banyak situs di Indonesia yang memiliki kekhasan dari segi motif dan karakteristiknya. Sementara itu, perkembangan teori tentang gambar cadas saat ini menunjukkan bahwa shamanisme dipercaya sebagai teori paling mutakhir. Atas dasar uraian di atas, penelitian ini berusa untuk mengkaji gambar cadas di Wilayah Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat, Kalimantan Timur, dengan menggunakan teori shamanisme khususnya dengan menggunakan model neuropsychology yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan altered states of consciousness (ASC) dan enam metafora trans. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada enam situs di Kawasan Gergaji, khususnya pada motif-motif yang memiliki indikasi ASC dan metafora trans di dalamnya. Antara lain Ceruk Tewet Bawah, Ceruk Tewet Atas, Ceruk Karim, Gua Tamrin, Gua Jeriji Saleh, dan Gua Ham. Permasalahan dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana bentuk penggamabaran motif-motif yang memiliki indikasi shamanisme di Kawasan Gergaji. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah formal method, yaitu model neuropsychology yang memfokuskan hanya pada bentuk dan kontekstual dari gambar cadas pada situs. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat represetasi fenomena ASC berupa mental dan hallucinatory imagery pada gambar cadas di Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat

Kata Kunci: Gambar Cadas; Shamanisme; Neuropsikologi Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat; Kalimantan

 

 

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Indonesia because of the peculiarity based on its images and characteristic. Meanwhile, the development of theory in the study of rock art has shown that shamanism is the most successful theory until now. Based on the above statements, this research tried to study rock art in Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat, East Kalimantan, under the theory of shamanism. Especially, using the neuropsychology model, which consist of three stages of altered states of consciousness (ASC) and six metaphors of trance. The study focused on six caves in Gergaji Regions, i.e. Tewet cave, Karim, Tamrin, Jeriji Saleh, and Ham. The research question is, how is the depiction of images which indicates as a shamanism's imagery, in the rock art of Gergaji Region. This research uses a formal method who study rock art which concerns only to its forms and context. The result of this research shows that there is a representation of the ASC in the form of mental and hallucinatory imagery in Sangkulirang-Mangkalihats rock art.

Keywords: Rock Art; Shamanism; Neuropsychology; Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat; Kalimantan

 

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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan karena banyaknya variasi gambar cadas di Leang Uhallie. Penelitianini berusaha untuk mengetahui hubungan antara bentuk-bentuk dan keletakan gambar cadasdi Leang Uhallie sehingga diketahui pola penggambaran dan perilaku manusia masa laludalam menggambar gambar cadas. Berdasarkan analisis bentuk diketahui bahwa terdapat 21varian motif tangan dan enam varian motif hewan. Dari analisis keletakkan diketahui bahwagambar-gambar cadas digambarkan secara berdekatan pada dinding dan langit-langit gua.Melalui analisis bentuk dan kontekstual diketahui pola dari tiap motif, yaitu motif tangandigambarkan dengan pola acak dan motif hewan digambarkan dengan pola individu danberpasangan. Sementara itu, motif tangan dan motif hewan memiliki pola yang salingberiringan.

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ABSTRACTThis research was conducted because of the large variety of the rock art in Leang Uhallie.This study is trying to determine the relationship between form and its locations in LeangUhallie to determine the pattern and human behavior in the past in depictions of rock art.Based on the form analysis is known that there are 21 variants motif hand and six variantsanimal motif and from contextual analysis is known that the rock art was depicted on thewalls and ceiling of the cave. With the form and contextual analysis it can be seem that handstencilwas depicted with a random pattern and animal motif was depicted in individuals andpairs. Meanwhile, both of hand-stencil and animal motif was depicted contiguously."

"ABSTRAKThis article discusses the typology of a hand stencil pattern cave painting located in Leang Uhallie, Bone district, South Sulawesi. Irving Rouse's taxonomy classification methods were used to find the typology of the hand stencil pattern. This study shows that there are three forms of hand stencil with 21 variants. This typologycal study of the hand stencil also shows the dominant and the unique pattern form of Leang Uhallie."

"This article discusses the typology of a hand stencil pattern cave painting located in Leang Uhallie, Bone district, South Sulawesi. Irving Rouse's taxonomy classification methods were used to find typology of the hand stencil pattern. This study show that ther are three form of hand stencil with 21 variants. This typologycal study of the hand stencil also shows the dominant and the unique pattern form of Leang Uhallie."