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"Otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK) merupakan salah satu gangguan telinga yang sering menimpa anak dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran dan penurunan kualitas hidup, serta banyak komplikasi. Kondisi yang terkait dengan OMSK di antaranya alergi, hipertrofi adenoid, dan refluks laringofaring (RLF). Refluks laringofaring pada anak belum banyak dipelajari di Indonesia, dan diagnosis RLF berdasarkan Instrumen Tanda dan Gejala Refluks belum banyak dipelajari. Kejadian RLF juga dikaitkan dengan gangguan saraf autonom, akibat gangguan nervus vagus yang dapat menyebabkan refluksat lambung naik ke nasofaring dan mencapai muara tuba.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan RLF dengan OMSK tipe aman aktif yang dibahas desain 1 penelitian, yaitu studi kasus kontrol yang menganalisis alergi, hipertrofi adenoid, dan RLF sebagai faktor risiko OMSK tipe aman aktif. Desain kedua penelitian adalah studi kasus kontrol untuk mengetahui hubungan gangguan saraf autonom dengan kejadian RLF. Desain ketiga penelitian merupakan kohort retrospektif untuk mengetahui hubungan RLF dengan gangguan fungsi tuba. Penelitian dilaksanakan Mei 2023–Juni 2024, menyertakan 39 subjek OMSK tipe aman aktif dan 39 subjek kontrol dari pasien Poliklinik THT-KL RSCM, dan direkrut secara consecutive sampling. Subjek juga akan diperiksa kondisi RLF dan gangguan saraf autonom.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak dengan RLF terbukti berisiko 5,59x lebih tinggi untuk terkena OMSK tipe aman aktif (OR: 5,59; 95%CI: 1,247–25,049; p = 0,025). Alergi (OR: 1,433; 95%CI: 0,343–5,981; p = 0,622) dan hipertrofi adenoid (OR: 1,178; 95%CI: 0,584–2,378; p = 0,646) tidak terbukti bermakna secara statistik sebagai faktor risiko OMSK tipe aman aktif. Gangguan saraf autonom juga belum terbukti secara statistik sebagai faktor risiko RLF (OR: 1,086; 95%CI: 0,444– 2,650; p = 0,856). Refluks laringofaring juga tidak terbukti menjadi faktor risiko gangguan fungsi tuba (RR: 1,558; 95%CI: 0,594–4,087; p = 0,367). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa RLF merupakan faktor risiko utama OMSK tipe aman aktif pada anak. Pepsin dan derajat keasaman dari refluksat RLF pada telinga tengah dapat berperan dalam kerusakan telinga tengah.

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Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a prevalent ear disorder in children that can lead to hearing impairment, a decline in quality of life, and various complications. Conditions associated with CSOM include allergy, adenoid hypertrophy, and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). The incidence of LPR in children has not been extensively studied in Indonesia, and diagnosis of LPR based on Reflux Symptom and Sign Instrument is yet to be studied. LPR has also been linked to autonomic nervous system dysfunction, as disturbances in the vagus nerve can result in the reflux of gastric contents into the nasopharynx and the opening of the Eustachian tube.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between LPR and active benign type CSOM with the first design being a case-control study that analyzes allergy, adenoid hypertrophy, and LPR as risk factors for active benign type CSOM. The second design, also a case-control study, is to determine the association between autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the occurrence of LPR. The third study design employs a retrospective cohort study to assess the relationship between LPR and Eustachian tube function disorders. The research is conducted from May 2023 to June 2024, including 39 subjects with active benign type CSOM and 39 control subjects from the ENT-HN Polyclinic of RSCM, recruited through consecutive sampling. Subjects will also be evaluated for the presence of LPR and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

The results indicated that children with LPR were at a 5.59-fold increased risk of developing active safe type CSOM (OR: 5.59; 95% CI: 1.247–25.049; p = 0.025). Allergy (OR: 1.433; 95% CI: 0.343–5.981; p = 0.622) and adenoid hypertrophy (OR: 1.178; 95% CI: 0.584–2.378; p = 0.646) were not found to be statistically significant risk factors for active safe type CSOM. Additionally, autonomic nervous system dysfunction did not show statistical significance as a risk factor for LPR (OR: 1.086; 95% CI: 0.444–2.650; p = 0.856). LPR also did not appear to be a risk factor for Eustachian tube dysfunction (RR: 1.558; 95% CI: 0.594–4.087; p = 0.367). It can be concluded that LPR is a primary risk factor for active safe type CSOM in children. The presence of pepsin and the acidity level of the LPR refluxate in the middle ear may contribute to middle ear damage."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Otitis media supuratif kronik merupakan penyakit yang memiliki banyak faktor risiko, salah satunya yang diduga adalah peran dari refluks laringofaring. Refluks laringofaring (RLF) merupakan naiknya cairan lambung yang mengenai daerah laring dan faring. Penelitian mengenai refluks pada pasien OMSK dewasa belum banyak diteliti sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peranan RLF dalam patofisiologi OMSK. Tujuan: Meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai peran RLF sebagai salah satu faktor risiko OMSK. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang analitik untuk mengetahui refluks laringofaring sebagai faktor risiko OMSK berdasarkan hubungan reflux symptom index (RSI), reflux finding score (RFS) terhadap kadar pepsin. Hasil: Proporsi subjek OMSK dengan pepsin positif pada sekret telinga tengah sebesar 59,5%. Rerata kadar pepsin sekret telinga tengah lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada kelompok OMSK dengan RFS positif dibandingkan kelompok RFS negatif (P<0,05). RFS positif mempunyai risiko 5,13x terdapat pepsin positif pada telinga tengah (CI 95% = 1,095-24,073). Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara nilai RSI dengan kadar pepsin telinga tengah. Kesimpulan: Penilaian RFS perlu dilakukan pada pasien OMSK untuk mengetahui adanya RLF yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terdapatnya pepsin di telinga tengah dan kemungkinan berperan dalam inflamasi kronis OMSK. RLF perlu diteliti lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui hubungannya sebagai faktor risiko OMSK.Kata kunci: Refluks laringofaring, pepsin, OMSK

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ABSTRACTBackground: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is suspected to be the one of risk factor that contributes in chronic suppurative otitis media. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is defined as the reflux of gastric content into larynx and pharynx. This study purpose is to know the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux in the pathophysiology of CSOM. Objective: To increase the knowledge about the role of LPR as a risk factor CSOM. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytic research to study LPR as a risk factor CSOM based on RSI and RFS relationship with pepsin level in the middle ear. Results: This study found 59.5% CSOM subjects having positive pepsin in the middle ear. Mean middle ear pepsin levels were significantly higher in the group of CSOM with positive RFS than negative group (p<0.05). RFS positive increase the risk by 5.13 times the presence of positive pepsin in the middle ear (95% CI = 1.095 to 24.073). There are no significant relationship between RSI with pepsin levels in the middle ear. Conclusion: Positive RFS increase the risk of the presence of pepsin in the middle ear and may have role in chronic inflamation. LPR should be investigated further to determine its relationship as a CSOM risk factorKeywords: Laryngopharyngeal reflux, Pepsin, CSOM"

"Latar belakang: Otitis media efusi adalah penyebab tersering gangguan pendengaran pada anak-anak di negara berkembang. Diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan OME pada anak sering terlambat karena jarang dikeluhkan. OME merupakan penyakit yang memiliki banyak faktor risiko. Salah satu faktor risiko OME yang saat ini banyak dihubungkan dengan kelainan di telinga tengah adalah refluks laringofaring. Tujuan: Mengetahui peran refluks laringofaring sebagai faktor risiko OME pada anak-anak. Metode:Pemeriksaan penapisan 396 anak pada tahap pertama dan 1620 anak pada tahap kedua untuk mencari 46 anak yang masukkategori OME sebagai kelompok kasus, kemudian pemilihan 46 anakkelompok non OME sebagaikontrol secara acak, menyepadankan usia dan jenis kelamin. Pada kedua kelompok dilakukan wawancara, pengisian kuesioner, pemeriksaan THT dan pemeriksaan laring dengan nasofaringoskopi serat lentur untuk mendiagnosis refluks laringofaring. Hasil: Proporsi refluks laringofaring pada kelompok OME lebih tinggi dibandingkan non OME, yaitu sebesar 78,3% dan 52,2%.Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara refluks laringofaring dan OMEdengan nilai odds ratio (OR)3,3 dan interval kepercayaan (IK) 95% antara 1,33 sampai 8,187; p=0,01). Kesimpulan:Refluks laringofaring merupakan faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan terjadinya otitis media efusi.

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Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most cause of hearing impairment in children of developing countries. OME is usually late in diagnosis and management due to the lack of patient’s complaints. OME is a disease that has many risks factor. One of the risk factor in developing OME, that is currently being studied, is its relationship with laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Purpose: To know the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux as a risk factor for OME.

Methods: Examination of the first stage was performed to 396 children and the second stage was performed to 1620 children. Using the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 46 children were accounted as the case group. Forty six children for control group was randomly taken from non OME patients whichmatched with age and sex from the case group. Both groups were treated equally with history taking, questionnaire filling, ENT examination and larynx examination using fiberoptic flexible laryngoscope to diagnose whether there is laryngopharyngeal reflux or not.

Results: The proportional of laryngopharyngeal reflux in OME group is higher compared to non OME group, with 78,3% and 52,2%. There is a significant relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux and OME with an odds ratio (OR) 3,3 and confidence interval (CI) 95% of 1,33-8,187 (p=0,01).

Conclusion: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is a risk factor that has significant relationship with OME."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Paparan cairan refluksat di daerah laring menyebabkan trauma pada mukosa laring baik secara langsung ataupun melalui mekanisme sekunder yang menyebabkan batuk kronis. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan gangguan suara yang memang sering dikeluhkan penderita RLF. Salah satu pemeriksaan penunjang diagnosis gangguan suara adalah analisis akustik suara dengan program komputer Multi-Dimensional Voice Program MDVP . Pemeriksaan ini relatif mudah dilakukan dan bersifat objektif. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan nilai parameter akustik suara pada kelompok penderita RLF dibandingkan dengan kelompok bukan RLF. Metode: Penelitian komparatif cross sectional yang dilakukan di URJT Departemen THT FKUI-RSCM pada bulan Mei hingga November 2016 dengan subjek penelitian terdiri dari 40 orang pada kelompok penderita RLF dan 20 orang pada kelompok bukan RLF. Hasil: Beberapa nilai parameter akustik suara kelompok penderita RLF lebih tinggi secara bermakna daripada kelompok bukan RLF, pada subjek laki-laki terdapat pada parameter jitter, PPQ dan NHR sedangkan pada subjek perempuan terdapat pada parameter shimmer dan APQ. Selain itu juga terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai parameter akustik suara jitter, PPQ, APQ dan NHR pada subjek laki-laki antara kelompok penderita RLF derajat ringan dan derajat sedang berat. Kata kunci: Analisis akustik suara, disfonia pada refluks laringitis, refluks laringofaring

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ABSTRACTBackground Exposure gastric juice in the larynx causes trauma in laryngeal mucosa either directly or through secondary mechanism causes chronic cough. Trauma in laryngeal mucosa can cause voice problems, frequent complaint in patients with LPR. One of diagnostic examination of voice problem is acoustic voice analysis with Multi Dimensional Voice Program MDVP . This examination is relatively easy to do and give objective result. Purpose To determine differences a value of acoustic voice parameter in LPR patients compared with normal control group. Method Comparatif cross sectional study was conducted in Outpatient Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital since May until November 2016 with 60 subjects, 40 subjects in LPR group and 20 subjects in control groups. Result Some values of acoustic voice parameter in LPR patients group are higher than normal control group. Male subjects were significant higher in jitter, PPQ and NHR. While on female were significant higher in t shimmer and APQ. There are also significant differences in value of acoustic voice parameter jitter, PPQ, APQ and NHR between groups of patients with mild LPR and moderate severely LPR in male subjects. Keywords Accoustic voice analysis, dysphonia in laryngopharyngeal reflux, laryngopharyngeal reflux."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kusta merupakan penyakit infeksi penyebab neuropati perifer paling sering. Neuropati otonom merupakan salah satu neuropati perifer yang perlu dideteksi dini dengan pemeriksaan sederhana untuk mencegah kecacatan lebih lanjut karena memiliki gejala subklinis. Tujuan: Menguji sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan Stimulated Skin Wrinkle (SSW) terhadap Sudoscan dalam mendeteksi neuropati otonom pada kusta multibasiler. Metode penelitian: Penelitian menggunakan uji diagnostik pemeriksaan SSW terhadap Sudoscan pada penderita kusta multibasiler yang telah didiagnosis di poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan selama tiga bulan (Maret-Mei 2015). Anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, SSW dengan krim Eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA), dan Sudoscan dilakukan pada setiap subjek penelitian. Hasil dianalisis untuk mendapatkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas. Hasil: Diperoleh 70 subyek penelitian. Prevalensi gangguan otonom berdasarkan pemeriksaan SSW, Sudoscan dan klinis berturut-turut sebesar 64.3%, 32.9% dan 85.7%. Berdasarkan kurva ROC pemeriksaan SSW terhadap Sudoscan, didapatkan nilai AUC sebesar 0,779. Setelah diuji dengan tabel 2x2 didapatkan nilai sensitivitas 95.7%, spesifisitas 51.1%, nilai prediksi positif 48.9% dan nilai prediksi negatif 96%. Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan SSW dapat menjadi pemeriksaan penyaring yang sederhana dalam mendeteksi neuropati otonom pada kusta tipe multibasiler, dengan sensitivitas yang tinggi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Leprosy is the commonest infectious disease causes peripheral neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy is a peripheral neuropathy that is important to detect with a simple examination to prevent further disability because the subclinical manifestation. Objective: Examine the sensitivity and specificity of Stimulated Skin Wrinkle (SSW) examination against Sudoscan to detect autonomic neuropathy in multibacillary leprosy. Method: The study consists of diagnostic test of SSW examination upon Sudoscan among multibacillary leprosy patients previously diagnosed in the Dermatology & Venerealogy Clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The study was conducted in three months (March-May 2015). History, physical examination, SSW with Eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream, and Sudoscan was performed upon every subject. Results are analyzed to obtain sensitivity and specificity level. Results: There are 70 subjects participated. Prevalence of autonomic disturbance by SSW, Sudoscan and clinical are 64.3%, 32.9% and 85.7% respectively. Based on ROC curve of the SSW examination against Sudoscan, the obtained AUC value is 0.779. After testing with chi-square, the following values were obtained: sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 51.1%, positive predictive value 48.9%, and negative predictive value 96%. Conclusion: SSW examination is a simple screening test that can detect autonomic neuropathy among multibacillary leprosy, with high sensitivity.;Background: Leprosy is the commonest infectious disease causes peripheral neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy is a peripheral neuropathy that is important to detect with a simple examination to prevent further disability because the subclinical manifestation. Objective: Examine the sensitivity and specificity of Stimulated Skin Wrinkle (SSW) examination against Sudoscan to detect autonomic neuropathy in multibacillary leprosy. Method: The study consists of diagnostic test of SSW examination upon Sudoscan among multibacillary leprosy patients previously diagnosed in the Dermatology & Venerealogy Clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The study was conducted in three months (March-May 2015). History, physical examination, SSW with Eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream, and Sudoscan was performed upon every subject. Results are analyzed to obtain sensitivity and specificity level. Results: There are 70 subjects participated. Prevalence of autonomic disturbance by SSW, Sudoscan and clinical are 64.3%, 32.9% and 85.7% respectively. Based on ROC curve of the SSW examination against Sudoscan, the obtained AUC value is 0.779. After testing with chi-square, the following values were obtained: sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 51.1%, positive predictive value 48.9%, and negative predictive value 96%. Conclusion: SSW examination is a simple screening test that can detect autonomic neuropathy among multibacillary leprosy, with high sensitivity., Background: Leprosy is the commonest infectious disease causes peripheral neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy is a peripheral neuropathy that is important to detect with a simple examination to prevent further disability because the subclinical manifestation. Objective: Examine the sensitivity and specificity of Stimulated Skin Wrinkle (SSW) examination against Sudoscan to detect autonomic neuropathy in multibacillary leprosy. Method: The study consists of diagnostic test of SSW examination upon Sudoscan among multibacillary leprosy patients previously diagnosed in the Dermatology & Venerealogy Clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The study was conducted in three months (March-May 2015). History, physical examination, SSW with Eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream, and Sudoscan was performed upon every subject. Results are analyzed to obtain sensitivity and specificity level. Results: There are 70 subjects participated. Prevalence of autonomic disturbance by SSW, Sudoscan and clinical are 64.3%, 32.9% and 85.7% respectively. Based on ROC curve of the SSW examination against Sudoscan, the obtained AUC value is 0.779. After testing with chi-square, the following values were obtained: sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 51.1%, positive predictive value 48.9%, and negative predictive value 96%. Conclusion: SSW examination is a simple screening test that can detect autonomic neuropathy among multibacillary leprosy, with high sensitivity.]"

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Refluks laringofaring (RLF) dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu faktor risiko karsinoma laring dengan proporsi yang cukup tinggi. Pemeriksaan ELISA pepsin dapat menjadi pemeriksaan penunjang untuk RLF yang tidak invasif dengan nilai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi. Tujuan: Mengetahui sebaran karakteristik pasien karsinoma laring, proporsi RLF berdasarkan kadar pepsin pada pasien karsinoma laring dan hubungan RLF berdasarkan kadar pepsin dengan karakteristik pasien karsinoma laring. Metode: Desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan jumlah subjek karsinoma laring sebanyak 26 orang. Subjek diminta untuk mengumpulkan sputum sebanyak 2 kali (pepsin I dan pepsin II) untuk kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan ELISA pepsin. Hasil: Didapatkan 24 dari 26 subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan rerata usia 60,65±8,41 tahun, 7 subjek peminum alkohol berat, 12 subjek perokok berat dan 24 subjek merupakan stadium lanjut karsinoma laring. Semua subjek didapatkan menderita RLF dan didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar pepsin I (daytime/ provoked RLF) dengan konsumsi alkohol serta perbedaan bermakna kadar pepsin I dengan perokok berat dan ringan. Kesimpulan: Refluks laringofaring dapat menjadi faktor risiko bersamaan dengan konsumsi alkohol dan rokok pada pasien karsinoma laring. ELISA pepsin dapat menjadi pemeriksaan penunjang adanya RLF terutama pada pasien dengan karsinoma laring mengingat sifatnya yang tidak invasif dan cukup murah.

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ABSTRAK Background: Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is suspected to be a risk factor for laryngeal cancer with a high prevalence according to recent studies. ELISA pepsin can be used in diagnosing LPR as it is a noninvasive technique with great sensitivity and specificity. Objectives: To find the characteristics of laryngeal cancer patient, proportion of LPR based on the pepsin value and correlation between LPR based on the pepsin value and the characteristics of laryngeal cancer patient. Methods: Observational analytic study with 26 subjects of laryngeal cancer. All subjects were asked to collect the sputum twice (pepsin I and pepsin II) to evaluated later with ELISA. Result: Twenty four out of 26 subjects were male with mean age 60,65±8,41 years, 7 subjects were severe drinkers, 12 subjects were severe smokers and 24 subjects were late stage laryngeal cancer. All of the subjects were diagnose with LPR and there was a significant correlation between the value of pepsin I (daytime/ provoked LPR) with alcohol consumption and also a significant difference of the value of pepsin I in heavy and light smoker. Conclusion: LPR could be considered as a risk factor together with alcohol consumption and smoking status. ELISA pepsin could be a supporting examination for LPR especially in laryngeal cancer patient as it is a noninvasive and inexpensive method."

"Dalam rangka penjualan rumah susun atas satuan-satuan rumah susunnya, dewasa ini banyak dilakukan dengan cara membuat perjanjian pengikatan jual bell satuan rumah susun. Hal ini dilakukan karena Undang-Undang Nomor I6 Tahun 1985 tentang Rumah Susun (Undang Undang Rumah Susun) menetapkan persyaratan bagi rumah susun sebelum dapat diperjualbelikan. Pada prakteknya, dengan alasan ekonomis penjualan unit-unit satuan rumah susun sudah dilakukan, walaupun belum memenuhi persyaratan sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Undang-Undang Rumah Susun, yaitu dengan cara membuat perjanjian pengikatan jual beli.Perjanjian pengikatan jual beli satuan rumah susun ini pada umumnya sudah dibuat dalam bentuk standar (Kontrak Standar) yang sudah ditentukan oleh pihak pengembang selaku penjual. Konsumenlpembeii tinggal menyetujui atau tidak, tanpa bisa menegosiasikan isi perjanjian sesuai kehendak para pihak. Apabila setuju, "take it", tetapi kalau tidak setuju "just leave it".Kontrak standar yang dibuat secara sepihak oleh pengembang yang mempunyai kedudukan lebih dominan tersebut seringkali memuat klausula-klausula yang sudah baku yang isinya lebih mengakomodir kepentingan pelaku usaha (dalam hal ini pengembang/penjual), tetapi mengeliminir kepentingan pihak konsumen/pembeli, sehingga pihak konsumen dirugikan.Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen), pada dasarnya sudah mengatur mengenai ketentuan klausula baku (dalam Pasal 18). Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, klausula-klausula baku yang dimuat dalam perjanjian pengikatan jual beli, khususnya pengikatan jual bell satuan rumah susun masih melanggar ketentuan baku sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen."

"Manfaat madu untuk penyembuhan luka sudah banyak diteliti, namun informasi manfaatnya untuk penyembuhan luka timpanoplasti masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek madu manuka (Mn) dan madu trigona (Tr) asli Indonesia pada re-epitelisasi membran timpani (MT) melalui potensi proliferasi fibroblas, keratinosit, sekresi KGF dan basic-FGF.Penelitian in vivo berupa uji klinis acak, tersamar ganda, pada 64 pasien dewasa otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK) tipe aman tenang yang menjalani timpanoplasti di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Juni 2021–Agustus 2022. Pasien diacak dan disamarkan ke dalam dua kelompok, yaitu diberikan gelfoam plus gel Mn 100% medical grade (intervensi) atau hanya diberikan gelfoam (kontrol) di liang telinga saat timpanoplasti. Tampon telinga diangkat setelah dua minggu dan pasien diminta kontrol setiap minggu selama enam minggu. Penelitian in vitro dilakukan di Laboratorium Universitas YARSI. Kultur fibroblas dan keratinosit yang diisolasi dari pasien OMSK diberikan pajanan Mn dan Tr dengan tiga konsentrasi yaitu 0,04%, 0,1%, dan 0,25%, kemudian dilakukan uji proliferasi, KGF dan bFGF juga diukur dan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol.Proporsi pengeringan luka pascatimpanoplasti kelompok intervensi lebih banyak secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol pada minggu ke-3, ke-4, dan ke-6. Madu manuka dan Tr tidak meningkatkan jumlah sel kultur fibroblas, tetapi mempersingkat durasi doubling time. Jumlah sel kultur keratinosit lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol pada semua kelompok Mn dan Tr 0,04%. Sekresi KGF meningkat seiring pertambahan sel. Pada hari ke-6 dan hari ke-8, sekresi KGF lebih tinggi pada beberapa kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kontrol. Sebaliknya, kadar bFGF menurun seiring pertambahan sel. Terdapat korelasi positif antara lama pajanan kedua jenis madu dengan proliferasi fibroblas. Lama pajanan Mn 0,04%, 0,1%, dan Tr 0,04% berkorelasi positif dengan jumlah sel kultur keratinosit.Disimpulkan pemberian Mn saat timpanoplasti meningkatkan pencapaian re-epitelisasi MT sempurna melalui efeknya pada fibroblas dan keratinosit, serta berpotensi meningkatkan keberhasilan timpanoplasti. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan efek positif Tr pada fibroblas dan keratinosit, sehingga potensi terapeutik madu ini dapat diteliti lebih lanjut

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Benefits of honey on wound healing have been widely reported, but information about its effect on the re-epithelialization of the tympanic membrane (TM) is limited. This study aims to evaluate the effect of manuka honey (MH) and trigona honey (TH) from Indonesia, on TM re-epithelization through their potential action on the proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, secretion of KFG and basic-FGF.

The in vivo study was a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial on 64 adult patients with mucosal type chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) undergoing tympanoplasty at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from June 2021–August 2022. Patients were randomized and blinded into two groups, receiving either gel foam soaked in 100% medical grade MH (intervention group) gel or only gel foam (control group) placed in the external auditory canal during tympanoplasty. The ear tampon was removed after two weeks, and patients were followed up weekly for six weeks. The in vitro study was conducted at the YARSI University Laboratory. Fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures isolated from CSOM patients were exposed to MH and TH with three dilutions: 0.04%, 0.1%, and 0.25%. The cells were then subjected to proliferation assays, KGF and bFGF were also assessed and compared with the control group.

The intervention group had a significantly higher proportion of dry tympanoplasty wounds than control at the 3rd, 4th, and 6th visit. Manuka honey and TH did not increase the number of fibroblasts but shortened the doubling time duration. A significantly higher number of keratinocytes than control was observed in all MH groups and the 0.04% TH group. KGF secretion increased as the number of cells increased. On day 6 and day 8, KGF secretion was higher in some of the intervention groups compared with the control group. In contrast, fibroblast bFGF secretion decreased as the number of cells increased. There was a positive correlation between the exposure time of all intervention groups and the number of cells in the fibroblast culture. Prolonged exposure time to 0.04% MH, 0.1% MH, and 0.04% TH were positively correlated with the number of keratinocytes.

The application of MH during tympanoplasty increased complete TM re-epithelialization through its effect on fibroblasts and keratinocytes proliferation. MH has the potential to improve tympanoplasty outcomes. This present study also illustrated the positive effects of TH on fibroblasts and keratinocytes; thus, its potential therapeutic properties could be further explored."

"ABSTRAKRefluks laringofaring (RLF) pada anak merupakan kelainan yang sering ditemukandan dihubungkan dengan peningkatan insidens berbagai penyakit saluran napas dangangguan tumbuh kembang, oleh karena itu diperlukan instrumen diagnosis yang tepatuntuk penatalaksanaanya. Sampai saat ini, instrumen terstandarisasi belum ada,sehingga diperlukan satu cara untuk mendiagnosis secara mudah, murah, nyaman, tidakinvasif namun mempunyai nilai diagnosis tinggi. Pada orang dewasa, RLF sering kalidikaitkan dengan Hipertrofi Tonsil Lingual (HTL) dan keberadaan DNA HumanPapillomavirus (HPV), namun hal ini belum dapat dibuktikan pada anak. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mendapatkan instrumen diagnostik RLF serta melihat hubungan antaraRLF dan HTL dan keberadaan DNA HPV pada RLF dengan HTL.Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan 3 desain penelitian, yaitu ujidiagnostik kuesioner Skor Gejala Refluks (SGR) dan Skor Temuan Refluks (STR)dibandingkan dengan pHmetri 24 jam, dilanjutkan dengan studi kasus kontrol untukmenilai hubungan RLF dan HTL, serta uji melihat keberadaan HPV DNA pada HTLdengan RLF dengan cara Linear Array genotyping. Kriteria inklusi adalah anak berusia5‒18 tahun, memiliki beberapa keluhan seperti banyak riak di tenggorok, sering nyerimenelan, rasa tersangkut dan mengganjal di tenggorok, mendehem, tersedak, bersuaraserak dan batuk kronik. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan nasofaringolaringoskopiuntuk menilai keadaan faring dan laring dan pemasangan pHmetri. Apabila pasien RLFterdapat HTL derajat 2 dan 3, dilakukan biopsi tonsil lingual untuk menilai keberadaanDNA HPV.Dari hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh satu instrumen baru yang terdiri dari keluhanberdehem, batuk mengganggu dan choking, disertai kelainan pita suara dan edemasubglotik. Instrumen dengan titik potong 4, mempunyai nilai diagnostik yang baikdengan nilai sensitivitas 75%, spesifisitas 76%, Nilai Prediksi Positif 80% dan NilaiPrediksi Negatif 71%. Instrumen baru ini dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosis RLFpada anak. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara HTL dengan RLF dan keberadaanHPV DNA tidak terdeteksi pada HTL pasien RLF.

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ABSTRACTLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is common condition in children which is connectedto the increased incidence of airway problems and a developmental delay, therefore areliable diagnostic tool is required to manage the condition. There is no standardizedinstrument to diagnose LPR yet, consequently, obtaining an instrument which is costeffective, simple, convenient, non-invasive but yield a good diagnostic values(sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value(NPV)) is essential. In adult, LPR is frequently linked to Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy(LTH) and the presence of HPV DNA in its tissue, however those findings have notbeen confirmed in pediatric population. The aim of this study is to obtain a gooddiagnostic instrument for LPR, to observe the relationship between LPR and LTH andto identify the existence of HPV DNA in LTH of patient with LPR.A diagnostic study was done comparing adult questionaires for LPR i.e. RefluxSymptom Index (RSI) and Reflux Finding Score (RFS) with 24 hour pHmetry, followedby a case control study to determine the relationship between LPR and LTH and acrossectional study to evaluate the existence of HPV DNA with Linear Arraygenotyping in LTH. The inclusion criteria are age between 5‒18 years old, with thecomplain of phleghmy throat, frequent odinophagia, the sensation of lump in the throat,frequent throat clearing, choking episode, hoarseness and chronic cough. Then the patientunderwent nasopharyngolaryngoscopy for laryngeal evaluation followed by pHmetryinsertion. If LPR is confirmed, the biopsy will be taken from LTH, to see the existenceof HPV DNA.A new diagnostic instrument, consists of frequent throat clearing, annoying cough,choking, vocal cords abnormalities, and subglottic edema has been developed and itdemonstrates a good diagnostic outcome. The cut-off is score 4, which produced 75%sensitivity, 76% specificity, 80% NPP, 71% NPN. Therefore, this instrument can beapplied to diagnose LPR in children. Neither a significant relationship between LPR andHTL nor the existence of HPV DNA are demonstrated"

"Latar belakang: Timpanoplasti tipe 1 merupakan prosedur untuk menangani Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik (OMSK). Prosedur ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki membran timpani, menjaga telinga tengah dari patogen luar dan pada akhirnya memperbaiki fungsi pendengaran. Faktor yang memengaruhi hasil timpanoplasti yaitu faktor operator, alat dan pasien. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi karakteristik klinis preoperasi sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi fungsi pendengaran pascatimpanoplasti tipe 1. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif pada pasien OMSK tipe aman tenang yang telah menjalani timpanoplasti tipe 1. Subjek dengan membran timpani utuh pascaoperasi masuk dalam kriteria penelitian. Karakteristik klinis preoperasi berupa ukuran perforasi, letak perforasi dan fungsi Tuba Eustachius dikumpulkan melalui rekam medis. Fungsi pendengaran pascatimpanoplasti dinilai menggunakan audiometri nada murni. Hasil: Rata-rata ambang dengar preoperasi 44,7 dB ± 15,9dB menurun menjadi 33,2 dB ± 14,4dB. Rata-rata Air Bone Gap (ABG) preoperasi 41,9 dB menurun menjadi 14,4 dB. Tidak adanya perbaikan fungsi pendengaran 1 tahun pascatimpanoplasti terjadi pada 17,6% (n = 6). Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara ukuran perforasi, letak perforasi dan fungsi Tuba Eustachius preoperasi terhadap fungsi pendengaran pascatimpanoplasti tipe 1. Kesimpulan: Terdapat faktor selain ukuran perforasi, letak perforasi dan fungsi Tuba Eustachius preoperasi yang memengaruhi fungsi pendengaran.

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Background: Type 1 tympanoplasty is a procedure in to treat Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM). It aims to repair the tympanic membrane, protect the middle ear from external pathogens and ultimately improve hearing function. Factors that affect the outcome of tympanoplasty, including operator, tools and patient factors. Objective: Identify preoperative clinical characteristics as factors affecting hearing function after type 1 tympanoplasty. Methods: The study was a prospective cohort design involving patients with tubotympanic type CSOM who had undergone type 1 tympanoplasty. Subjects with an intact tympanic membrane postoperatively were included in the study criteria. Data regarding preoperative clinical characteristics such as perforation size, perforation location, and Eustachian tube function were collected from medical records. Pure tone audiometry was performed to determine postoperative hearing function. Results: The preoperative hearing threshold of 44.7 dB ± 15.9dB decreased to 33.2 dB ± 14.4dB. The preoperative Air-Bone Gap (ABG) value of 41.9 dB decreased to 14.4 dB. There was no improvement found in 17.6% subjects (n = 6). There was no significant relationship between perforation size, perforation location, and preoperative Eustachian tube function on postoperative hearing function in type 1 tympanoplasty. Conclusion: There are factors other than perforation size, perforation location and preoperative Eustachian tube function that affect hearing function."