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"Bandara Internasional Soekarno Hatta secara rutin melakukan pengendalian vektor dengan fogging setiap bulan untuk mematuhi International Health Regulation (IHR) 2005. Sejak tahun 2019, insektisida Sipermethrin untuk mengendalikan nyamuk. Namun, penggunaan berulang insektisida ini dapat menyebabkan nyamuk menjadi resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi resistensi nyamuk Aedes aegypti terhadap Sipermethrin di bandara tersebut. Studi menggunakan desain eksperimental post-test only with control group dan metode uji kerentanan sesuai dengan WHO. Sampel nyamuk berasal dari ovitrap di 8 titik pengamatan, dengan total 960 nyamuk digunakan untuk pengujian. Nyamuk betina berumur 3-5 hari yang kenyang gula dipaparkan selama 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 menit dan pengamatan 24 jam dengan Sipermethrin 0,05%. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada 5 menit tidak ada kematian, namun kematian meningkat seiring dengan durasi paparan: 10 menit (16%), 15 menit (30%), 20 menit (56%), 30 menit (63%), 40 menit (70%), 50 menit (81%), 60 menit (92%), dan setelah 24 jam (93%). Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Bandara Soekarno Hatta memiliki status "Terduga Resisten" terhadap Sipermethrin 0,05%.

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Soekarno Hatta International Airport routinely conducts vector control through monthly fogging to comply with the International Health Regulation (IHR) 2005. Since 2019, they have used Sipermetrin insecticide to control mosquitoes. However, repeated use of this insecticide can lead to mosquito resistance. This study aims to identify the resistance of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to Sipermetrin at the airport. The study employed a post-test only with control group experimental design and vulnerability testing methods in accordance with WHO guidelines. Mosquito samples were collected from ovitraps at 8 observation points, with a total of 960 mosquitoes used for testing. Female mosquitoes aged 3-5 days, fed with sugar, were exposed to Sipermetrin 0.05% for durations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes, and observed after 24 hours. Results showed no mortality at 5 minutes, but mortality increased with exposure duration: 10 minutes (16%), 15 minutes (30%), 20 minutes (56%), 30 minutes (63%), 40 minutes (70%), 50 minutes (81%), 60 minutes (92%), and after 24 hours (93%). The final results indicate that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at Soekarno Hatta Airport are "suspected resistant" to Cypermethrin 0.05%."

"ABSTRAKCymbopogon citratus dikenal sebagai sereh dapur yang merupakan tanaman obat dan mengandung minyak atsiri dengan zat aktif saponin dan tannin yang berpotensi sebagai larvasida nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek dari larvasida ekstrak daun tua C. citratus terhadap kematian larva instar III-IV Aedes aegypti. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Terdapat kelompok kontrol tanpa menggunakan ekstrak dan kelompok perlakuan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak yakni 0,01, 0,02, 0,04, 0,06 dan 0,08. Ekstrak dibuat dari daun tua C.citratus dengan pelarut etil asetat. Pada jam ke-24, angka mortalitas larva berbeda bermakna di setiap konsentrasi pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kontrol.

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ABSTRACTCymbopogon citratus is known as a lemongrass which is a medicinal plant and contains assential oils with saponin and tannin active substances that have the potential effect as mosquito larvacids. This study aims to examine the effects of larvaside of old C. citratus leaf extract on the death of instar III IV Aedes aegypti larvae. The design of this study is experimental. There were control group without extract and intervention group with extract concentration 0,01, 0,02,0,04, 0,06, and 0,08. The extract is made from the old leaves of C. citratus with an ethyl acetate solvent. At 24 hours, the mortality rate of larvae was significantly different in each concentration in the intervention group compared with the control group."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bermaksud untuk memformulasikan cat anti nyamuk berbasis ekstrak daun tembakau bebas zat pyrethroids sehingga lebih aman untuk pengguna. Hasil formulasi cat Anti-nyamuk sesuai dengan SNI. Hasil uji efektivitas cat anti-nyamuk Aedes Aegypti menunjukan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak tembakau antara 3-5 yang dapat membunuh setengah populasi nyamuk LC50 selama 2 jam, konsentrasi ekstrak tembakau antara 3-5 yang dapat membunuh setengah populasi nyamuk LC50 selama 4 jam, konsentrasi ekstrak tembakau 1-3 yang dapat membunuh setengah populasi nyamuk LC50 selama 6 jam, sedangkan konsentrasi ekstrak tembakau 0-1 dapat membunuh setengah populasi nyamuk LC50 selama 24 jam.

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ABSTRAKThis study intends to formulate mosquito repellent paints based tobacco leaf extracts,free pyrethroid substance, that are safe for the user. The active substance is added to the paint asa mosquito repellent is an extract of tobacco leaves. The result of Anti mosquito paint formulation in accordance with SNI. The results of anti Aedes Aegypti mosquito paint effectiveness test show that with 3 5 concentration of tobacco extract that can kill half the mosquito population LC50 for 2 hours, the concentration of tobacco extract between 3 5 can kill half the mosquito population LC50 during 4 hours, 1 3 tobacco extract concentration can kill half the mosquito population LC50 for 6 hours, while the concentration of 0 1 tobacco extract can kill half the mosquito population LC50 for 24 hours."

"Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Kelurahan Paseban, Jakarta Pusat merupakan salah satu zona merah DBD pada bulan Maret 2009 sehingga perlu dilakukan pemberantasan vektor DBD, Aedes aegypti. Untuk dapat memberantas vektor DBD dengan tepat, perlu diketahui tempat berkembang biak, angka kepadatan dan penyebarannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan larva di container luar rumah di Paseban Barat dan Paseban Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 2-3 Mei 2009. Penelitian berupa survei larva di 100 rumah di Paseban Barat dan Paseban Timur. Container luar rumah yang ditemukan dibagi berdasarkan wilayah Paseban. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi square’s test untuk mengetahui hubungan wilayah dengan keberadaan larva Ae.aegypti di container luar rumah. Dari 100 rumah yang disurvei di Paseban Barat didapatkan house index 12%, container index 5,98% dan breteau index sebesar 18 sedangkan dari 100 rumah di Paseban Timur didapatkan house index 27%, container index 15,04%, dan breteau index sebesar 40. Dari seluruh container luar rumah di Paseban Barat, hanya satu container yang positif larva sedangkan di Paseban Timur container yang positif larva sebanyak 14 buah. Pada chi square’s test didapatkan nilai p=0,000 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara keberadaan larva Ae.aegypti di container luar rumah di Paseban Barat dan Paseban Timur. Disimpulkan bahwa kepadatan dan penyebaran vektor DBD di Paseban Timur lebih tinggi daripada Paseban Barat; dan keberadaan larva Ae.aegypti di container luar rumah di Paseban Timur lebih tinggi daripada Paseban Barat.

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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Indonesia. Paseban District, Central Jakarta became a DHF red zone at March 2009 so that the DHF vector, Aedes aegypti, must be eradicated. In order to control the vector well; the breeding places, larval density and larval spreading must be known. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of Ae.aegypti larvae in outdoor containers in West Paseban and East Paseban. This study did at 2-3 May 2009. It was a larvae survey in 100 houses in each West Paseban and East Paseban. The outdoor containers were divided into two categories based on Paseban area, West Paseban outdoor containers and East Paseban outdoor containers. The data were analyzed by chi square’s test to know the correlation between Paseban area and the existence of Ae.aegypti larvae in outdoor containers. From 100 houses surveyed in West Paseban, the house index was 12%, the container index was 5,98% and the breteau index was 18. From 100 houses surveyed in East Paseban, the house index was 27%, the container index was 15,04% and the breteau index was 40. From all outdoor containers found, there was one larval positive container in West Paseban and there were fourteen larval positive containers in East Paseban. From chi square’s test, the p = 0,000 which means there is correlation between Paseban area and the existence of Ae.aegypti larvae in outdoor containers. The conclusions were the larval density and larval spreading in East Paseban was higher than West Paseban; and the the existence of Ae.aegypti larvae in outdoor containers in East Paseban was higher than West Paseban."

"Aedes aegypti merupakan jenis nyamuk yang dapat membawa virus dengue penyebab penyakit demam berdarah. Nyamuk Aedes aegypti juga merupakan pembawa virus chikungunya dan demam kuning. Pemberantasan A.aegypti berarti juga memberantas tempat perindukan agar dapat memutus siklus hidup nyamuk ini secara efektif. Diketahui bahwa nyamuk Aedes aegypti dapat menggunakan air selain air bersih sebagai tempat perindukan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengamatan terhadap kemampuan telur Aedes aegypti menetas dan kemampuan pertumbuhan Aedes aegypti dari stadium telur sampai stadium dewasa pada air tanah sebagai kontrol, air hujan, air cucian pakaian, air limbah kamar mandi, air hujan dengan tanah 80 gram, air hujan dengan tanah 160 gram, air cucian pakaian dengan tanah 80 gram, air cucian pakaian dengan tanah 160 gram, air limbah kamar mandi dengan tanah 80 gram, air limbah kamar mandi dengan tanah 160 gram,. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen. Setiap kontainer dimasukkan telur Aedes aegypti sebanyak 25 buah dalam setiap kontainer air tercemar, setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga. Hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan melihat grafik hasil dari pengamatan didapatkan hasil bahwa Aedes aegypti mampu berkembangbiak di media air yang kontak langsung dengan tanah. Rata-rata jumlah larva yang dapat hidup paling banyak terdapat pada air limbah kamar mandi dengan tanah 160 gram yaitu rata-rata 18 pada stadium larva, 18 stadium pupa dan 18 stadium dewasa. Dari analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa nyamuk Aedes aegypti dapat berkembang biak pada air tercemar dan kontak langsung dengan tanah, maka disarankan kepada pemerintah untuk melakukan kajian lebih mendalam mengenai perubahan perilaku tempat berkembang biak Aedes aegypti agar program pengendalian Aedes aegypti lebih tepat sasaran.

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Aedes aegypti is type of mosquito that carries dengue virus causes dengue fever. Aedes aegypti is also a carrier for chikungunya virus and yellow fever. Eradication of Aedes aegypti also means eradicate breedingsites in order to break the life cycle of mosquitoes effectively. It’s known that Aedes aegypti can use water in addition clean water for a breeding place. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of observation hatch the eggs of Aedes aegypti and growth ability of Aedes aegypti from the egg fase to the adult fase on ground water as a control, rain water, clotes washing water, waste water of showers, rain water with 80 grams of soil, rain water with 160 gram of soil, clotes washing water with 80 grams of soil, clotes washing water with 160 grams of soil, waste water with 80 grams of soil, waste water with 160 grams of soil. This study was quasi experimental. Each containers was inserted Aedes aegypti eggs as many as 25 pieces in each container of contaminated water, each treatment was repeated three times. Result were analize by looking at the graph of result from observation its known that Aedes aegypty is able to multiply in aqueous media which have direct contact with the ground. Average number of larvae that can live most was in the waste water of shower with 160 grams of soil. Which is an average 18 on larvae phase, 18 on pupa phase, and 18 on adult phase. From the analysis can be concluded that the Aedes aegypti can breed in polluted water and direct contact with the ground/soil. It is recommended for the government to have depth study for changes in behavior of Aedes aegypti breeding to make control programs more effective."

"ABSTRAKNyamuk Aedes aegypti diketahui selalu memilih air bersih sebagai habitat perkembangbiakannya. Akan tetapi, dengan adanya perubahan lingkungan, nyamuk Aedes aegypti mulai beradaptasi sehingga dapat bertelur pada air selokan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai pH yang mendukung siklus hidup Aedes aegypti pada air selokan. Sampel penelitian adalah telur Aedes aegypti dan air selokan domestik. Air selokan dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok tingkat pH (4-11) dengan 5 replikasi dan diisi dengan 30 butir telur Aedes aegypti. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua titik lokasi dengan perbedaan suhu. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA dan uji T Independen. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan hidup Aedes aegypti optimal pada pH 5-8. Durasi fase telur tersingkat pada pH 11 (1,10 hari) dan pH 6 (1,80 hari). Durasi fase larva tersingkat pada pH 6 (7,03 hari) dan pH 8 (5,64 hari). Durasi fase pupa tersingkat pada pH 9 (3,44 hari) dan pH 8 (3,22 hari). Terdapat perbedaan rata-rata durasi siklus hidup pada fase telur, larva, dan pupa yang signifikan di antara setiap tingkat pH air selokan. Kesimpulannya adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti mampu berkembangbiak pada air selokan dengan pH 4-11. Suasana air yang cenderung basa merupakan tingkat pH optimal yang mendukung siklus hidup nyamuk, dengan rentang pH 6-9.

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ABSTRACT

Aedes aegypti mosquito is known to choose clean water as its breeding habitat. However, with the change in environment, the Aedes aegypti mosquito starts to adapt to be able to lay eggs in sewer water. This research is an experimental study that aims to determine the pH value that supports the Aedes aegypti life cycle in sewer water. The research sample is Aedes aegypti eggs and domestic sewage water. Sewer water is divided into 8 groups of pH levels (4-11) with 5 replications and filled with 30 eggs. The study was conducted at two points with temperature differences. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test and Independent T test. The results showed that the optimal survivability of Aedes aegypti was at pH 5-8. The duration of the egg phase is shortest at pH 11 (1.10 days) and pH 6 (1.80 days). The duration of the larval phase was shortest at pH 6 (7.03 days) and pH 8 (5.64 days). The shortest pupal phase duration was at pH 9 (3.44 days) and pH 8 (3.22 days). There are significant differences in the average life cycle duration in three life cycle phases between each pH level of sewage water. The conclusion is that the Aedes aegypti mosquito can grow in sewer water with a pH of 4-11. Water that tends to be alkaline is the optimal pH level that supports Aedes aegypti life cycle, with a pH range of 6-9."

"ABSTRACT

The tobacco extract has larvicidal activity because it contains nicotine and some toxic compounds. The need to

form tobacco extracts in nanoemulsion was due to its smaller particle size, larger surface area, and slow release of active

compounds. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco extract nanoemulsion against Aedes aegypti larvae.

Nanoemulsion tobacco extract is made by high energy method using ultrasonication with frequency 20 kHz for 45 minutes.

The tobacco extract was mixed with Tween 20 surfactant with the ratios are 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:3 (w/w). From the result,

bioassay test of larvicidal nanoemulsion with LC50 was 823.74 ppm (F1:0.5), 702.07ppm (F1:1), and 578.48 ppm (F1:3),

lower than LC50 of tobacco leaf extract without nanoemulsion 1022.97 ppm. The decrease in LC50 values was directly

proportional to the decrease in particle size. The lowest LC50 values are obtained by the formula F1:3 with an average

particle size of 631 nm. This study shows that even if the nanoemulsion was not achieved, the emulsion of tobacco extract

is potential to control the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae effectively, due to lower than 750 ppm LC50 for (F1:1 and F1:3,

24 hr)."

"ABSTRAKTransmisi kasus DBD melibatkan tiga organisme utama yaitu virus dengue, nyamuk Aedes, dan manusia sebagai host. Keberlangsungan ketiga organisme tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan pola perilaku. Kota Bekasi merupakan salah satu daerah endemis DBD di Provinsi Jawa Barat mengalami kecenderungan peningkatan jumlah kasus DBD setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional yang bertujuan menganalisis keberadaan larva Aedes sp yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan perilaku pemberantasan sarang nyamuk dalam hubungannya dengan status transmisi DBD di Kota Bekasi.Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua kelurahan dengan jumlah kasus DBD tinggi dan rendah di Kecamatan Mustikajaya dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 280 rumah tangga. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu kondisi lingkungan yang meliputi pencahayaan ruangan, keberadaan, tinggi dan rimbunan tanaman di pekarangan rumah, jumlah tempat penampungan air TPA , serta keberadaan larva Aedes di rumah dan perilaku PSN yang diamati meliputi frekuensi membersihkan TPA, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, larvasida, pemeliharaan predator larva dan tanaman pengusir nyamuk terhadap status transmisi kasus DBD di Kota Bekasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik berganda dengan p-value sebesar 0,05.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keberadaan larva Aedes di daerah kasus rendah dipengaruhi oleh perilaku pemberantasan sarang nyamuk OR=14,14, 95 CI=5,24 - 38,11 , sedangkan di daerah kasus DBD tinggi keberadaan larva Aedes dipengaruhi oleh pencahayaan OR=3,65 95 CI=1,55 - 8,62 dan jumlah TPA OR=2,79 95 CI=1,32 ndash; 5,91 . Faktor lingkungan dan perilaku yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya transmisi kasus DBD yang tinggi di Kota Bekasi adalah pencahayaan OR=0,32 95 CI=0,15 ndash; 0,67 , tinggi tanaman 5-12 m OR=1,01 95 CI = 1,01 ndash; 2,02 , frekuensi membersihkan TPA OR=4,76 95 CI=2,47 ndash; 9,13 penggunaan obat anti nyamuk OR=2,28 CI=1,29 ndash; 4,31 , dan tanaman anti nyamuk OR=0,15 CI=0,06 ndash; 0,37 . Variabel yang paling dominan berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya transmisi kasus DBD yang tinggi di Kota Bekasi adalah frekuensi membersihkan TPA. Dari hasil tersebut disarankan agar sosialisasi pemberantasan sarang nyamuk PSN lebih dioptimalkan dengan mengintensifkan peran juru pemantau jentik Jumantik serta peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan Jumantik untuk memonitor kondisi lingkungan masyarakat secara kontinyu.

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ABSTRACTTransmission of DHF cases involves three main organisms that is dengue virus, Aedes mosquito, and human host. The sustainability of the three organisms is influenced by environmental factors and behavior patterns. Bekasi city is one of the dengue endemic areas in West Java Province experienced a tendency of increasing number of dengue cases every year. This research was a cross sectional study that aims to analyze the presence of Aedes sp larvae that are influenced by environmental factors and mosquito breeding places eradication behavior in relation to the status of DHF transmission in Bekasi City.This research was conducted in two urban villages with high and low dengue fever cases in Mustikajaya Distric with total sample of 280 households. The variables observed were environmental conditions that include room lighting, presence, height and hedge of plants in the yard of the house, the number of water container, as well as the presence of Aedes larvae at home and observed eradication behaviours of mosquito include frequency behavior of cleaning water containers, use of mosquito repellent, larvacide, maintenance of larval predators and mosquito repellent plants on the transmission status of dengue cases in Bekasi City. The data obtained were analyzed using chi square and multiple logistic regression analysis with p value of 0.05.The results showed that the presence of Aedes larvae in low case areas was influenced by the frequency behavior of cleaning water containers OR 14,14, 95 CI 5,24 38,11 , whereas in high dengue cases the presence of Aedes larvae was influenced by lighting OR 3,65 95 CI 1,55 ndash 8,62 and the number of water container OR 2,79 95 CI 1,32 ndash 5,91 . Environmental and behavioral factors that contribute to the occurrence of high DBD case transmission in Bekasi City are lighting OR 0,32 95 CI 0,15 ndash 0,67 , plant height 5 12 m OR 1,01 95 CI 1,01 ndash 2,02 , frequency of cleaning of landfill OR 4,76 95 CI 2,47 9,13 use of mosquito repellent OR 2,28 CI 1,29 4 , 31 , and mosquito repellent plants OR 0,15 CI 0,06 ndash 0,37 . The most dominant variable contributing to the high transmission of dengue cases in Bekasi City was the frequency behavior of cleaning water containers. From these results it is suggested that the socialization of frequency behavior of cleaning water containers is more optimized by intensifying the role of larva monitoring officer Jumantik as well as increasing the knowledge and skills of Jumantik to monitor the environmental condition continuously."

"Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan utama masyarakat Kecamatan Bayah, Provinsi Banten. Bayah pernah mengalami kejadian luar biasa (KLB) DBD pada tahun 2007 dengan jumlah penderita sebanyak 22 orang dan 1 orang meninggal. Tingginya insidensi ini membuat program pemberantasan penyakit tidak hanya difokuskan pada pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) secara langsung tetapi juga pada konseling yang mendidik masyarakat sehingga mereka dapat melakukan PSN sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dari PSN tersebut, sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan yang telah diberikan. Survei dilakukan sebanyak dua kali, sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan, pada 12-14 Agustus 2009 dan 16-18 Oktober 2009. Data dikumpulkan dari 100 rumah dengan metode single-larvae, yaitu mengambil satu larva di setiap container pada satu area di luar rumah lalu diidentifikasi menggunakan mikroskop. Kemudian, data ini dianalisis menggunakan uji McNemar. Dari 100 container luar rumah yang diteliti, terdapat penurunan jumlah container yang positif larva, yaitu dari 9 container menjadi 1 container. Container yang paling banyak mengandung larva adalah ember sebanyak 4 buah (4 dari 32) sebelum penyuluhan, turun menjadi 1 buah (1 dari 32). Dari analisis dengan uji McNemar, didapatkan hubungan bermaknsa antara penyuluhan dengan penurunan keberadaan vektor DBD, dengan nilai p=0,008. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyuluhan memberikan pengaruh terhadap penurunan keberadaan larva Aedes sp. di luar rumah.

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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one disease that became a major public health problem in Bayah District, Banten province. Bayah had experienced outbreaks (KLB) of dengue in 2007 with 22 patients and 1 person died. This high incidence makes eradicating disease program not only focused on eradicating directly mosquitoes? nest but also educating counseling to people so they can eradicate the mosquito?s nest by themsleves. This study purposed to determine the success of the eradication mosquito?s nest before and after the counceling given. A survey was conducted twice, namely before and after the health promotion, on August 12nd-14th 2009 and October 16th-18th 2009. Data were collected in 100 homes with single-larvae methode, which takes one larva in each container in one area of the house and then identified using a microscope. Then, this data was analyzed using McNemar test. From 100 houses outside examined, there is a decrease in the number of positive containers larvae, from 9 containers into 1 container. Container most larvae are plastic drum containing as many as 4 pieces (4 of 32) before counseling, decreased to 1 piece (1 of 32) after counseling. From the analysis with the McNemar test, it shows the significant relationship between counceling with a reduced presence of dengue vectors, with p value <0.008. Therefore, it can be concluded that the health promotion had effect to decrease the presence of Aedes sp. larvae outside the house."