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"Pendahuluan Prevalensi obesitas meningkat terutama pada dewasa muda, yang berisiko pada penyakit kardiometabolik. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah karena generasi muda sering mengalami kesulitan dalam memenuhi keseimbangan makronutrien. Perubahan tubuh saat obesitas dapat diamati melalui rasio leptin/adiponektin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan makronutrien dengan rasio leptin/adiponektin pada populasi dewasa muda Indonesia. Metode Penelitian potong lintang ini merekrut mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia berusia 16-25 tahun pada tahun 2018 dan 2019. Pengukuran yang dilakukan meliputi indeks antropometri, komposisi tubuh melalui bio-impedance analyzer, kadar leptin dan adiponektin, serta 3-days food record untuk mengetahui asupan harian (karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat). Hubungan tersebut diuji dengan uji korelasi, dilanjutkan regresi linier multipe untuk penyesuaian variabel perancu. Hasil Dari 405 subjek, didapatkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan (p <0,05) antara asupan karbohidrat (r = -0,229) protein (r = -0,129); dan lemak (r = -0,130) dengan rasio leptin/adiponektin, sedangkan tidak dengan asupan serat (p = 0,955). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat untuk menyesuaikan variabel perancu, asupan makronutrien tidak lagi menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Jenis kelamin perempuan (β = 0,323); lingkar pinggang (β = 0,213); perkotaan (β = 0,150); dan persentase lemak tubuh (β = 0,389) menjadi faktor independen yang berhubungan secara signifikan. Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada kemungkinan peran unik dari jenis makronutrien tertentu dalam memperbaiki leptin dan adiponektin, serta mekanisme adaptif adipokin pada populasi dewasa muda. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengkonfirmasi hubungan sebab akibat tersebut.

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Introduction Obesity prevalence increased mostly in young adults, put risk in early onset of cardiometabolic disease. One possible cause is young generation often experiences difficulties in meeting macronutrient balance. Adiposity progression can be reflected by increased leptin/adiponectin ratio. This study aims to investigate the association between macronutrient intake to leptin/adiponectin ratio in Indonesian young adults. Method This cross-sectional study recruited Universitas Indonesia student aged 16-25 years old in 2018 and 2019. Measurement included anthropometric indices, body composition using bio-impedance analyzer, serum leptin and adiponectin level, as well as 3-days food record to obtain daily intake data (carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber). The association was tested using correlation test, continued to multiple linear regression for adjustment. Results From 405 subjects, significant (p <0,05) inverse correlation observed between carbohydrate (r = -0,229); protein (r = -0,129); and fat (r = -0,130) intake to leptin/adiponectin ratio, while not with fiber intake (p = 0,955). After adjustment for confounding variables, macronutrient intake no longer showed significant association. Female (β = 0,323); waist circumference (β = 0,213); urban (β = 0,150); and fat body percentage (β = 0,389) became significant independent factor. Conclusion This study suggests that certain macronutrients may lower leptin/adiponectin ratio. Besides that, the decreased ratio could indicate adaptive mechanism in healthy young adults that might raise the risk of weight gain in the future. Body fat and its distribution - –represented by confounding variables– have major role to mediate effect between two. Further studies in regards of young adults are required to confirm this finding."

"This study aimed to assess the dietary changes of overweight and obese subjects and its relation to the body weight changes during 24 week of orlistat study. This study was an observational study as part of an open-labelled, randomised, parallel﷓group, real life study of the efficacy of orlistat for 36 weeks. However, this observational study followed the subjects until 24 weeks. The subjects were 64 overweight and obese Indonesian adults with body mass index 25.08 - 37.4 kglm2 and mean weight 76.7 kg (58,2 - 106.7 kg). Subjects were being prescribed a nutritionally balanced mild hypocaloric low fat diet. Caloric levels prescribed were a deficit of 500 kcal/day from daily caloric requirement (BMR corrected with physical activity level). 32 subjects were given orlistat 120 mg tid. On week-24, data of 38 subjects were being pooled and analyzed together. Until week-24, the subjects had lost an average of 7.8% of their initial body weight and 5.9% of their initial waist circumference. Total energy (p<0.05), protein (p<0.05), fat (p<0.001), carbohydrate (p<0.001) and PUFA intake (p<0.005) significantly reduce from week-0 to week-24.

The mean percentage reduced were 19.3% of energy intake, 32.7% of fat intake, 17.4% of carbohydrate intake and 7.5% of protein intake. Several predictors that may influence the body weight changes were treatment (orlistat), carbohydrate, and PUFA intake changes. In conclusion the dietary intake changes might influence the body weight reduction and waist circumference reduction, regardless the treatment, especially because typical Indonesian diet the energy source mostly from carbohydrate."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pola makan yang tidak sehat selama masa kanak-kanak akan berdampak pada risiko penyakit tidak menular (PTM) di kemudian hari. Salah satu indikator awal PTM yang dapat dimodifikasi oleh diet adalah adiponektin. Adiponektin dinilai berhubungan dengan PTM karena perannya dalam proses perjalanan penyakit obesitas, diabetes, inflamasi, aterosklerosis, maupun penyakit kardiovaskular. Data yang terdokumentasi dengan baik mengenai kualitas diet dan hubungannya dengan kadar adiponektin pada populasi anak belum banyak dieksplorasi. Tujuan: Kami mengidentifikasi kualitas makanan umum anak-anak Indonesia dan menilai hubungannya dengan kadar adiponektin serum sebagai penanda awal PTM. Metode: Delapan puluh enam (44 perempuan dan 42 laki-laki) anak usia prasekolah yang merupakan bagian dari subjek penelitian dari studi Kohort Ibu dan Anak di 10 kecamatan di Jakarta Timur dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Data diet didapat dengan mengumpulkan data 24hr food recall berulang selama sehari di hari kerja dan satu hari di akhir pekan, yang kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut ke dalam perhitungan Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015. Kadar adiponektin serum ditentukan dengan uji Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Analisis regresi linear berganda dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan antara HEI 2015 dan konsentrasi adiponektin serum, dengan penyesuaian terhadap faktor perancu. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata skor HEI 2015 subjek penelitian adalah 33,1 ± 8,2, jauh di bawah skor yang direkomendasikan yaitu ≥ 80. Rata-rata serum adiponektin adalah 10,3 ± 4,1 ug / mL, di mana 11,6% subjek memiliki kadar serum adiponektin di bawah normal. Uji regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa HEI secara signifikan berkaitan dengan serum adiponektin baik sebelum maupun sesudah disesuaikan dengan faktor perancu (β = 0,232; 95% CI = 0,01-0,25; p = 0,03; β = 0,214; 95% CI = 0,03-0,21; p = 0,04). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara HEI dan adiponektin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan terhadap diet berkualitas tinggi sejak usia dini berperan dalam meningkatkan kadar adiponektin yang sangat penting untuk mengurangi risiko PTM di masa dewasa.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Unhealthy diet during childhood will have a direct effect on risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. One early indicator of NCDs that can be modified by diet is adiponectin. Adiponectin is considered to have association with NCDs because of its role in the course of obesity, diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Well-documented data regarding the quality of the diet and its relationship to adiponectin levels in the pediatric population have not been explored extensively. Objective: We identified the diet quality of Indonesian children and assessed its relationship to serum adiponectin level as the early markers of NCDs. Methods: Eighty-six (44 girls and 42 boys) preschool-aged children from a nested cohort study in 10 sub-districts in East Jakarta were included in this study. Dietary data was gathered by collecting repeated 24-hour recalls for a-day in the weekday and a-day in the weekend, which then further analyzed into HEI 2015 calculation. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was used to determine serum adiponectin levels. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between HEI 2015 and serum adiponectin concentration, with adjustment for potential confounder. Results: The mean of subjects' HEI 2015 score was 33.1±8.2, below the recommendation score of ≥ 80. The mean serum adiponectin was 10.3±4.1 ug/mL, in which 11.6% has serum adiponectin level below normal. Multiple linear regression test showed that HEI was significantly correlated with adiponectin serum either before or after adjusted with confounders (β=0.232; 95% CI=0.01-0.25; p=0.03; β=0.214; 95% CI=0.03-0.21; p=0.04), respectively. Conclusion: There is an association between HEI and adiponectin. This result suggests that adherence to a high-quality diet from an early age is crucial to reduce the risk of Indonesian children experiencing NCD as adults."

"Latar Belakang.Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) di Indonesia, meliputi dua lini. Lini kedua terdiri dari kombinasi dua NRTI (Nucleoside Reverse Trancriptase Inhibitor) dan satu PI (protease inhibitor). Protease inhibitor adalah salah satu ARV yang diketahui dapat menyebabkan lipodistrofi, yang seringkali berkembang mengalami resistensi insulin, dan berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kardiovaskular. Peningkatan FFA (free fatty acids) dan TNF-α akibat lipolisis sel lemak pada lipodistrofi, beberapa sitokin yang dilepaskan oleh jaringan lemak (adipokin), seperti leptin dan adiponektin dipikirkan memiliki peran terhadap resistensi insulin. Leptin dan adiponektin memiliki kaitan erat dengan metabolisme glukosa dan sensitivitas insulin.Tujuan.Mengetahui korelasi leptin, adiponektin dan rasio leptin-adiponektin dengan HOMA-IR pada pasien HIV/AIDS dalam terapi anti retroviral berbasis inhibitor protease.Metode.Studi potong lintang dengan populasi terjangkau adalah pasien HIV/AIDS dewasa yang mendapatkan terapi ARV lini ke dua di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada September– Desember 2018. Analisis data digunakan untuk mendapat koefisien korelasi leptin, adiponektin dan rasio leptin-adiponektin dengan HOMA-IRHasil.Sebanyak 111 subjek penelitian dengan subjek laki – laki sebanyak 91 orang (81%). Median usia subjek penelitian 39 tahun. Median lingkar perut 83,1 cm dan IMT 22,91 ± 3,91 kg/m2. Sebanyak 60,4% dari subjek penelitian mengalami hipertrigliseridemia, dan 85% memiliki kadar HDL yang rendah. Pada penelitian didapatkan median HOMA IR 2,91, median adiponektin 11,4 μg/mL, median leptin 9,9 ng/mL, dan median rasio leptin adiponektin 0,74. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan koefisien korelasi antara leptin dengan HOMA-IR 0.434 dengan p <0,001, adiponektin dengan HOMA IR -0,214 dengan p <0,05 dan rasio leptin-adiponektin dengan HOMA-IR, didapatkan nilai r 0,417 dengan p <0,001.Kesimpulan.Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara leptin dan rasio leptin-adiponektin dengan HOMA- IR, sedangkan untuk adiponektin dengan HOMA-IR didapatkan korelasi negatif bermakna.

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Background.

Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in Indonesia includes two lines. The second line consists of a combination of two NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Trancriptase Inhibitors) and one PI (protease inhibitor). Protease inhibitors are ARV drugs known to cause lipodystrophy. Patients who are on HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), and have lipodystrophy, often develop insulin resistance which is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Increasing of FFA (free fatty acids) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in result of lipodystrophy, also several cytokines (adipokines) released by adipose tissue, such as leptin and adiponectin, also known as adipocytokines or adipokines, may play a role to insulin reistance. Leptin and adiponectin are linked to glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

Objective.

Knowing the correlation of leptin, adiponectin and leptin-adiponectin ratio with HOMA-IR in HIV/AIDS patient on protease inhibitor based anti retroviral therapy.

Methods.

Cross sectional study with an affordable population of HIV/ AIDS patient on protease inhibitor- based ARV therapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from September – December 2018. Data Analysis was used to obtain the coefficient of correlation of leptin, adiponectin and leptin- adiponectin ratio with HOMA-IR.

Results.

There were 111 subjects with 91% males. Median’s age of study subject 39 years. Median of abdominal circumference 83,1 cm and median of body mass index 22,91 ± 3,91 kg/m2. Hypertriglyceridemia was found in 60,4% from subjects and 85% had low HDL level. Median of HOMA IR 2,91, Median of adiponectin 11,4 μg/mL, median of leptin 9,9 ng/mL, median of leptin adiponectin ratio 0,74. Coefficient of correlation between leptin and HOMA-IR was 0,434 with p value <0,001, adiponectin and HOMA-IR -0,214 with p value <0.05 and leptin- adiponectin ratio 0,417 with p value <0,001

Conclusion.

A significant positive correlation between leptin and leptin-adiponectin ratio with HOMA-IR was obtain, also a significant negative correlation was obtained between adiponectin and HOMA-IR."

"Latar Belakang: Saat ini, perubahan pola diet, terutama pola diet Barat, yang banyak mengkonsumsi makanan siap saji dan minuman ringan menyebabkan peningkatan konsumsi harian fruktosa yang bermakna, bahkan mencapai 85-100 gram per hari. Data di Amerika Serikat, menunjukkan bahwa seiring terus meningkatnya konsumsi HFCS dan sukrosa (terutama dari minuman ringan) juga terjadi peningkatan prevalensi obesitas. Peningkatan konsumsi fruktosa tampaknya merupakan salah satu faktor paling penting yang berkontribusi terjadinya epidemi obesitas karena dua alasan, yaitu proses metabolisme fruktosa terjadi lebih cepat dan menyediakan substrat lipogenik yang lebih banyak pada stadium postprandial dan fruktosa dapat menyebabkan overconsumption karena konsumsi fruktosa tidak menyebabkan peningkatan hormon leptin dan insulin posprandial. Leptin dan insulin merupakan sinyal adiposa jangka panjang yang bekerja pada hipotalamus dan mengatur jumlah asupan makanan dan energy expenditure sehingga mempengaruhi berat badan seseorang. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh diet tinggi fruktosa terhadap kadar leptin serum postprandial tikus dan pengaruhnya terhadap asupan makanan dan berat badan. Metode: Studi eksperimental secara in vivo pada tiga kelompok tikus jantan spesies Sprague-Dawley, berusia 8-10 minggu dengan berat badan berkisar antara 150-200 gram. Tikus diberikan perlakuan selama 15 hari diberi larutan kontrol atau larutan glukosa 43% dengan dosis 2 mL/100 g BB/hari, atau fruktosa 43% dengan dosis 2 mL/100 g BB/hari dan makanan standar. Parameter yang diukur adalah jumlah asupan makanan, pertambahan berat badan dan kadar hormon leptin postprandial setelah 15 hari perlakuan dengan metode ELISA (Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Hasil: Kadar leptin serum postprandial tikus lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan glukosa tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan fruktosa dibanding kelompok kontrol, sedangkan jumlah asupan makanan pada kelompok perlakuan fruktosa lebih rendah daripada kelompok glukosa dan pertambahan berat badan pada kelompok perlakuan fruktosa lebih tinggi daripada kelompok perlakuan glukosa tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna. Kesimpulan: Fruktosa memiliki kecenderungan menyebabkan kadar leptin postprandial lebih rendah dari glukosa dan memiliki kecenderungan menyebabkan penurunan asupan makanan dan peningkatan berat badan yang lebih besar dibandingkan glukosa.

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Background: Nowadays, due to changing on diet, especially Western diet which consumes fast food and soft drink cause increasing daily consumption of fructose, even to achieve 85-100 gram per day. In US, data shows that the more to consume HFCS and sucrose (especially soft drink), the more to increase obesity. The increase of fructose consumption appears to be one crucial factor which contributes obesity epidemic due to two reasons as follows: fructose metabolism process happens faster and provides more lipogenic substrate on postprandial stadium and fructose can cause overconsumption because fructose consumption is not the same as glucose which does not cause increasing leptin hormone and insulin postprandial. Leptin and insulin are the long tenn adiposity signal which work on hipothalamus and manage amount of consumption food and energy expenditure so it will influence body weight.

Objective: To understand the influence of high fructose diet on postprandial level of serum leptin and its influence to daily food intake and body weight in rat.

Method: In vivo experimental study on three groups of male rats of Sprague-Dawley species, age between 8-10 weeks with body weight around l50-200 gram. Rats are given treatment for 15 days and given control liquid or glucose liquid 43% with dose of 2 mL/l00gr body weight/day or fructose 43% with dose of 2 mL/100 gr body weight/day and standard food. The measured Parameter are amount of daily food intake, increasing of body weight and postprandial serum leptin level after 15 days of treatment with ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immzmosorbent Assay) method.

Result: The rats postprandial serum leptin level is higher significantly on glucose treatment groups but it is not different to fructose treatment group compared to control group. In addition, amount of daily food intake on fructose treatment group is lower than that of glucose group and gaining body weight of fructose treatment group is higher than that of glucose treatment but the different between them is not significant.

Conclusion: Fructose tends to cause degree of postprandial serum leptin level lower than glucose and tend to cause decreasing consumption of food and gaining body weight higher than glucose."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Endometriosis merupakan penyakit ginekologi yang sering ditemukan pada perempuan usia reproduksi. Infertilitas, dismenorea dan nyeri pelvik diluar siklus haid merupakan keluhan utama yang berkaitan dengan endometriosis. Etiopatogenesis endometriosis belum sepenuhnya diketahui, diduga selain teori haid berbalik terdapat faktor genetik yang berperan. Adiponektin merupakan adipokin yang berperan meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin dan kemudian juga diketahui peranannya pada sistem imun yang merupakan inti dari patogenesis endometriosis. Berbagai penelitian menyebutkan hubungan kadar adiponektin serum dan polimorfisme gen adiponektin dengan endometriosis namun belum terdapat penelitian yang menghubungkan variasi genetik reseptor adiponektin dengan endometriosis.TUJUAN: Mengetahui distribusi SNP 219 gen AdipoR2 pada pasien dengan endometriosis dan tanpa endometriosis dan hubungan SNP 219 gen AdipoR2 terhadap risiko endometriosisDESAIN DAN METODE: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol. Kelompok kasus adalah wanita usia reproduksi dengan endometriosis dan kelompok kontrol adalah wanita usia reproduksi tanpa endometriosis. Deteksi SNP 219 gen AdipoR2 dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik PCR-RFLP. Distribusi genotipe pada kedua kelompok dibandingkan.HASIL: Didapatkan 75 sampel terdiri dari 39 kasus dan 36 kontrol. Pada kelompok kasus didapatkan genotipe A/A pada 7 (18,4%) subyek, A/T pada 24 (63,2%) subyek dan T/T pada 7 (18,4%) subyek. Pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan genotipe A/A 10 (27%) subyek, A/T pada 22 (59,5%) subyek dan T/T pada 5 (13,5%) subyek

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BACKGROUND : Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological disorder found on women in reproductive age. Chief complaints such as infertility, dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain are known to be endometriosis-related. Etiopathogenesis of endometriosis is not fully understood yet, retrograde menstruation is well accepted as etiology of endometriosis, although other factor such as genetic factor may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Adiponectin is substance produced by adipocyte tissue which promote insulin sensitivity and scavenger activity which involves in endometriosis pathogenesis. Low adiponectin resulted in insulin resistence which plays a role in endometriosis pathogenesis. Many studies show correlation between level of serum adiponectin and adiponectin gene polymorphism with endometriosis. But there is little evidence on correlation between adiponectin receptor gene polymorphism with endometriosis.

PURPOSE: To know distribution and correlation of SNP 219 adipoR2 gene in patient with endometriosis

DESIGN AND METHOD: This is a case-control study. The case group consist of reproductive age women with endometriosis while the control group consist of reproductive age without endometriosis. Detection of SNP 219 adipoR2 gene was performed using PCR-RFLP technique. Genotype distribution was compared between the two groups.

RESULT: 75 samples were obtained, 39 cases and 36 controls. In cases group A/A genotype was found in 7 (18,4%) subjects, A/T in 24 (63,2%) subjects and T/T in 7 (18,4%) subjects. In control group, A/A genotype was found in 10 (27%) subjects, A/T in 22 (59,5%) subjects and T/T in 5 (13,5%) subjects.

CONCLUSION: No correlation between SNP 219 AdipoR2 gene with risk of endometriosis"

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 Leptin berfungsi untuk menjaga keseimbangan energi untuk mencegah penambahan berat badan dalam menurunkan risiko resistensi leptin. Peningkatan leptin dipengaruhi oleh jumlah simpanan lemak dan perubahan akut dari asupan makanan. Asupan energi mempengaruhi sekresi leptin untuk menjaga keseimbangan energi. Healthy eating index (HEI) tinggi diartikan kualitas diet yang baik mencegah penyimpanan lemak dan peningkatan berat badan. Kami bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara HEI dan asupan energi total dengan kadar leptin pada orang dewasa perkotaan Jakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah metode konsekutif dan diperoleh 110 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pengambilan data melalui 3 kali 24 jam food recall, pengukuran antropometri dan pengambilan serum darah. Asupan energi total rata-rata 1894 ± 482 kkal. Hasil skor HEI 36,5 (31,7-41,2). Hasil kadar leptin 15,7 (7,6-26,1) ng/ml. Hubungan signifikan negatif antara asupan energi total dengan kadar leptin (β -0,8, p=0,008) sebelum disesuaikan dengan usia, jenis kelamin dan IMT. Hubungan antara HEI dengan kadar leptin tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan.

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The function of leptin is to maintain energy balance to prevent weight gain and reduce the risk of leptin resistance. High leptin is influenced by the amount of fat stores and acute changes in food intake. Energy intake affects leptin secretion to maintain energy balance. A high healthy eating index (HEI) means a good quality diet prevents fat storage and weight gain. We aimed to determine the relationship between HEI and total energy intake with leptin levels in Jakarta urban adults. The sampling technique was the concecutive method and obtained 110 subjects who met the research criteria. Data were collected through 3 times 24 hours of food recall, anthropometric measurements and taking blood serum. Average total energy intake was 1894 ± 482 kcal. HEI score 36.5 (31.7-41.2). The results of leptin levels were 15.7 (7.6-26.1) ng/ml. There was a significant negative relationship between total energy intake and leptin levels (β -0.8, p=0.008) before adjusting for age, sex and BMI. There was no significant relationship between HEI and leptin levels."

"ABSTRAKGangguan mental emosional adalah keadaan penderitaan emosional atau perubahan psikologis yang dialami seseorang ditandai dengan adanya gejala depresi, kecemasan, dan perasaan tidak enak rasa lelah, sulit tidur, kehilangan motivasi . Hubungan antara faktor pola makan dan gaya hidup terhadap kesehatan mental mulai menjadi perhatian belakangan ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang memengaruhi kejadian gangguan mental emosional pada siswa-siswi SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta tahun 2018. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional, menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran antropometri, dan wawancara food recall 1x24 jam dari 156 responden yang dipilih dengan cara nonprobality sampling consequtive sampling . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 34,6 responden mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square ditemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara kualitas diet, moderasi diet, balansi diet, dan uang saku dengan kejadian gangguan mental emosional. Moderasi diet ditemukan sebagai faktor dominan dari kejadian gangguan mental emosional pada siswa-siswi SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta tahun 2018. Siswa-siswi yang moderasi dietnya buruk atau dengan kata lain mengonsumsi total lemak, lemak jenuh, kolesterol, natrium, dan makanan kalori kosong gula, minyak, alkohol secara berlebih berisiko 3,628 kali besar mengalami kejadian gangguan mental emosional dibandingkan yang memiliki moderasi diet baik.

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ABSTRACTPsychological distress is a state of emotional suffering or psychological changes characterized by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and feelings of unease fatigue, sleeplessness, loss of motivation . The relationship between dietary and lifestyle factors to mental health began to be a concern. The purpose of this study is to determine the dominant factors that affect the prevalence of psychological distress in the students of SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta in 2018. The study was conducted quantitatively by cross sectional method, using primary data obtained through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and food recall 1x24 hours from 156 respondents selected by nonprobability sampling consecutive sampling. The results showed that as much as 34.6 of respondents experiencing psychological distress. The results of bivariate analysis with chi square test found significant relationship between diet quality, dietary moderation, dietary balance, and allowance with the prevalence of psychological distress. Dietary moderation was found to be the dominant factor of psychological distress in students of SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta 2018. Students with poor dietary moderation or excessively consumed total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and empty calorie foods sugar, oil, alcohol are at risk 3,628 times bigger to experience psychological distress than those with good dietary moderation. "

"Latar Belakang : Adiponektin saat ini dianggap berperan penting dalam etiopatogenesis gangguan metabolik dan inflamasi termasuk artritis reumatoid (AR). Data terbaru menekankan peran adiponektin dalam peradangan dan degradasi matriks yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sendi erosif. Hubungan tingkat adiponektin serum dengan kerusakan sendi radiografi pada pasien dengan AR perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Selain itu, telah dilaporkan bahwa adiponektin memberikan efek anti-aterosklerosis pada pasien non AR. Menariknya, beberapa studi telah melaporkan peningkatan kadar adiponektin pada pasien AR, hal ini berlawanan mengingat tingginya prevalensi aterosklerosis pada AR. Dengan demikian, efek adiponektin pada aterosklerosis belum sepenuhnya jelas. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang. Subjek penelitian diambil dari 50 orang pasien yang memenuhi kriteria EULAR/ACR 2010 untuk AR yang datang ke poliklinik reumatologi RSCM Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel adalah secara consecutive sampling. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar adiponektin serum dan foto rontgen tangan/kaki dengan menggunakan Skor Sharp-van der Heijde (SSH). Adanya aterosklerosis ditentukan dengan mengukur ketebalan Tunika Intima Media arteri karotis melalui pemeriksaan USG karotis bilateral. Hasil: Dari 50 pasien yang diteliti, 28 (56%) mengalami peningkatan kadar adiponektin. Aterosklerosis ditemukan pada 13 (26%) subjek. Uji Spearman memperlihatkan tidak ada hubungan antara adiponektin serum dengan aterosklerosis pada pasien AR (p =0.706 dan r=0,055). Adiponektin juga tidak berhubungan dengan skor SSH, tetapi setelah di analisa dengan beberapa karakteristik AR, adiponektin berhubungan dengan SSH pada kelompok pasien dengan anti CCP negatif (p=0,036 dan r=0,38). Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa kadar adiponektin serum meningkat pada pasien AR, tetapi peningkatan adiponektin serum tidak berhubungan dengan aterosklerosis. Adiponektin berhubungan dengan kerusakan sendi pada kelompok pasien dengan anti CCP negatif.

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Background : Adiponectin is now considered important players in the etiopathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory disorder including rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ). Recent data stress the role of adiponectin in inflammation and matrix degradation that may contribute to erosive joint damage. The association of serum adiponectin level with radiographic joint damage in patients with RA need to be explored. Furthermore, it has been reported that adiponectin exerts an antiatherosclerotic effect in non RA patients. Interestingly, several studies have reported increased level of adiponectin in RA patients, findings which appear paradoxical in light of the higher prevalence of atherosclerosis in RA. Thus, the effect of adiponectin on atherosclerosis has not been clarified sufficiently.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Subjects were fifty patients who fulfill Eular Criteria/ACR 2010 for RA from the Rheumatology clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital / Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Jakarta. Patients with RA underwent serum adiponectin assessment and hand/feet x-rays, scored using the Sharp-van der Heijde Score (SHS). Carotid intima media thickness represent of atherosclerosis was measured by using Ultrasound (USG Bmode).

Results: Of the 50 patients studied, 28 (56%) showed an increased in adiponectin levels. Atherosclerosis was diagnosed in 13 (26%) of this subject. Spearman test showed there was no correlation between adiponectin serum level with adiponectin in RA patients (p =0.706 and r=0,055). Adiponectin level did not correlate with SHS, but after adjusting for disease characteristics, adiponectin level correlate with SHS in negative anti CCP group (p=0,036 and r=0,38).

Conclusion : From this study, we conclude that adiponectin serum level was increase in rheumatoid arthritis patients, but the increasing of the adiponectin serum level was not correlated with atherosclerosis event. Adiponectin level correlate with radiographic joint destruction in negative anti CCP group."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai penanda biokimia adiponektin, status antioksidan total (SAT), dan high sensitvity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) pada individu dengan dan tanpa sindrom metabolik (SM). Metode Penelitian pontong lintang pada 36 subyek SM dan 36 subyek tanpa SM yang dilakukan di Jakarta. Indikatorindikator yang diukur adalah adiponektin, SAT dan hsCRP, di samping berat badan, tinggi badan, lingkar pinggang (LP), tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik, dan glukosa darah puasa. Risiko terjadinya SM dihitung dengan odds ratio (OR) adiponektin, hsCRP, dan rasio adiponektin/hsCRP dengan mengambil nilai median sebagai titik dikotomi antara nilai tinggi dan nilai rendah masing-masing parameter tersebut. Hubungan antara adiponektin, SAT, dan hsCRP dengan LP dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman, sedangkan peranan keseluruhan parameter dengan SM dianalisis dengan regresi logistik. Hasil Adiponektin dan hsCRP berbeda secara signifi kan antara subjek dengan dan tanpa SM (3,1 + 1,0 vs 4,2 + 1,4 ug/mL) dan (3,35 + 3,43 vs 0,97 + 0,92 mg/L) (p < 0,01), sedangkan SAT tidak berbeda secara signifi kan (1,28 + 0,2 vs 1,24 + 0,1 mmol/L). Adiponektin berkorelasi negatif dengan LP (rs = - 0,436, p < 0,01), sedangkan SAT dan hsCRP berkorelasi positif dengan LP (masing-masing rs= 0.286, p = 0.02 dan rs = 0,597, p < 0. 01). Odds ratio (OR) adiponektin dan hsCRP untuk terjadinya SM masing-masing 4 (p = 0,01) dan ~6,8 (p < 0,01), sedangkan risiko pada subyek dengan rasio adiponektinhsCRP ≤ 2.31 adalah 25 kali lipat (p < 0,01) dibanding subyek dengan rasio adiponektin-hsCRP > 2.31. Kesimpulan Penggunaan rasio adiponektin-hsCRP meningkatkan prediksi SM 4 - 6 kali lipat dibanding bila menggunakan biomarker tunggal.

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AbstractAim To examine biochemical markers of adiponectin, total anti-oxidant status (TAOS) and high sensitvity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods A cross-sectional study on 36 non-MetS and 36 MetS subjects was undertaken in Jakarta. Measured indicators were adiponectin, TAOS and hsCRP, apart from weight, height, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Odds ratio (OR) of adiponectin, TAOS and hsCRP were calculated to assess risk for the development of MetS. Median values were determined as cutoffs to defi ne high and low values of each parameter. Relationships between adiponectin, TAOS and hsCRP with WC were analyzed by using Spearman correlation analysis, and the contributions of all indicators to the development of MetS were analyzed by using logistic regression. Results Adiponectin dan hsCRP differed signifi cantly between non MetS and MetS subjects (4.2 + 1.4 vs 3.1 + 1.0 ug/ mL) dan (0.97 + 0.92 vs 3.35 + 3.43 mg/L) (p < 0.01), but no signifi cant difference was found in TAOS (1.24 + 0.1 vs 1.28 + 0.2 mmol/L). Adiponectin associated negatively with WC (rs= -0.436; p < 0.01), while TAOS and hsCRP associated positively with WC (rs= 0.286, p = 0.02 and rs= 0.597, p < 0.01). The odds ratios (ORs) of adiponectin and hsCRP for the development of MetS were 4 (p = 0.01) and ~6,8 (p < 0.01), respectively; while the risk of subjects with adiponectinhsCRP ratio of ≤ 2.31 to develop MetS was 25 times (p < 0.01) those with adiponectin-hsCRP ratio > 2.31. Conclusion The use of adiponectin-hsCRP ratio increases the predictive power for the occurrence of MetS by 4-6 times the predictive power of adiponectin or hsCRP alone. "