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"Saat ini Dunia yang telah memasuki fase polarisasi politik yang terjadi di belahan dunia, negara-negara di dunia harus mampu memilih rekan sekutu yang tepat untuk keberlangsungan pemerintahan. Mesir melalui proyek BRI yang ditawarkan China menggunakan pendekatan softpower dan kesamaan ambisi kedua pemimpin membentuj kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan. Melalui metode kualitatif dan interview mendalam kepada narasumber, penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa. China melalui BRI telah memperluas jangkauan perdagangan dan mengurangi pengaruh Amerika di kawasan MENA serta pembuka gerbang rute perdagangan laut terbesar di dunia melintasi benua Eropa, Afrika dan Asia melalui Terusan Suez. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Mesir dalam keadaan yang baik dan positif, lapangan pekerjaan yang meningkat setiap adanya perusahaan baru yang masuk dan proyek Ibukota baru, kota administrasi eksklusif dan tower tertinggi di Afrika yang dibangun oleh China hingga mendukung Egypt Vision 2030. China dengan proyek BRI yang ditawarkan di Mesir dianggap sebagai sebuah keuntungan daripada jebakan hutang sebab menciptakan kebijakan luar negeri yang lebih mendorong kerja sama dan kepercayaan investasi lebih lanjut daripada melakukan hard deterrance seperti yang dilakukan Amerika dahulu.

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The world now has entered a phase of the political polarization that occurs in parts of the world, all countries in the world must be able to choose the right allies for the continuity of nation. Egypt through the BRI project offered by China using a softpower approach and the common vision of the two ambitious leaders to establish mutual beneficial cooperation. Through qualitative methods and in-dept interviews with truthable informan, this research obtained the results that. China through the BRI has expanded its trade reach and reducing America influence in the MENA region as well as opening the gateway of the world's largest sea trade routes across the European, African and Asian continents through the Suez Canal. Egypt's economic growth is in a good and positive state, jobs are increasing with the introduction of new companies and projects New capital, exclusive administrative cities and the tallest towers in Africa will be built by China to support Egypt Vision 2030. China with the BRI project offered in Egypt is considered an advantage rather than a debt trap because it creates a foreign policy that encourages further cooperation and investment confidence than doing hard deterrance like America used to do."

"ABSTRAK Tesis ini menaklik hubungan negara dan bisnis dalam kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri China bernama BRI. Berangkat dari konsep ldquo;bina ekonomi negara rdquo; dan metode penelitian kualitatif ndash; studi kasus, penelitian ini mengafirmasi bahwa agenda konektivitas melalui BRI mengandung motif ekonomi dan politik China di Asia Tenggara. Tujuan strateginya, yaitu pendalaman hubungan kerja sama dan kontiunitas internasionalisasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan aktor bisnis memiliki keterlibatan penting dalam penyelenggaraan bina ekonomi negara. Industri konstruksi infrastruktur dan transportasi merupakan bagian dari pengendalian tersebut. Proses penetrasi berlangsung dalam empat faktor determinan. Pertama, kebijakan BRI dijadikan sebagai program pembangunan nasional yang sesuai visi China rsquo;s Rejuvenation, sehingga hubungan antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah subnasional terunifikasi. Kedua, tujuan antara pemerintah dengan aktor bisnis bersifat kompatibel. Terakhir, hubungan anatar pemerintah dengan kedua sektor industri beserta keterlibatan aktor bisnisnya menjadi direktif dan hierarkis, karena pemerintah melakukan penguasaan sistem kepemilikan, sistem manajemen perusahaan, dan struktur kepemimpinan perusahaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa negara berhasil mengendalikan aktor bisnis.Kata kunci: BRI, Negara-Bisnis, Bina Ekonomi Negara, Konektivitas, dan Industri Konstruksi dan Transportasi.

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ABSTRACT This thesis examines state business relations in Belt and Road Initiative as China rsquo s foreign economic policy. Set forth from ldquo economic statecraft rdquo theory and qualitative method, this research shows that connectivity agenda through BRI have economic and geostrategic motives and interrelated in Southeast Asia. The significance of the strategy are internationalization continuity and deepening of cooperation. This research found that commercial actor as important part to implemented economic statecraft. The penetration process occupy in four determinant factors. First, BRI is positioned as national development and convergent in ldquo China rsquo s Rejuvenation rdquo , so that the relationship between the central government and subnational government is unified. Second, the intrinsic goal is compatible between government and commercial actors. Third, market structure in infrastructure construction and transportation industry sector is created by government become more concentrated and monopoly. Finally, the reporting relationship between state and commercial actors become more directive, hierarchy, and centralized, because government exercises ownership control, corporate managements, and the composition of personnels and company leader is appointed directly by government. The results of this research indicate that state has controlled actor commercial for reach economic and geostrategic aims in Southeast Asia. "

"ABSTRACTChinas contemporary) trans-regional initiative. to establish the. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) -previously known as One Beit One Road (OBOR) -has attracted a lot of attention; not only because the initiative involves more than 60 countries across Asia, Africa and south Europe, but also because it represents a re-emerging China that is being considered a challenger to the post-second World War liberal world order led by the United States. The initiative has also been perceived JS a Chinese strategy to enhance its influence beyond its traditional reaim by tJking advantage of its economic prowess. Indonesia was among the first countries introduced to the OBOR and whose territory is at the heart of the OBOR route. The country, however, has been prudent in the face of Chinese offers since it has perceived the initiative as both an opportunity and challenge in economic as well as strategic dimensions. In addition, the Chinese BRI grand initic1tive may create regional pro­blems due to hotspots in the South China Sea and the inclination of some regional states to support China rather than strengthen the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Thus, while it is important to weicome the initiative, critical assessments of the project are indeed necessary in order to understand its impact on the geo-economy and geo-politics of involved regions cind on future relations between the involved countries and China."

"This Whitehall Paper is an examination of China's relations over its western borders, looking at the interplay between China's relations with South and Central Asia, and its relations with other great adjacent powers. Based on a two-year research project that included travel and workshops in South and Central Asia, this Paper examines Beijing's changing impact and relationship with its near neighbourhood. Conceived prior to the announcement of Xi Jinping's 'Belt and Road Initiative' research for this report was undertaken in the shadow of the September 2013 announcement and the 'Belt and Road' ultimately proved to be the driving framework under which this report was drafted. The report sketches out the roots of the initiative, and how it is being felt on the ground, exploring in detail how it is being received in China's immediate neighbourhood where its impact is most significant for China."

"China is said to be the winner of globalization; to some extent, its true. Chinas economy has been rapidly striding forward in the past three decades after the launching of reform and openning up policy. As a result, Chinas comprehensive national strength has been greatly enhanced. Generally speaking, Chinas rise is welcomed in the international society, however, some cautious comments and debates in the meantime, have also been put forward. This is of course somewhat logic. As a nation phsically so big of 1.3 billion population, with so many uncertainties and flexibilities, its great changes naturally would attract curiosities and interests, and even worries from the international society."

"Pada tahun 2018, pemerintah Indonesia menandatangani Nota Kesepahaman (MoU) dengan pemerintah Tiongkok yang menandakan peresmian kerja sama Indonesia-Tiongkok dalam kerangka kerja Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Inisiatif ini digagas oleh pemerintah Tiongkok untuk memberi insentif ekonomi (pendanaan, faktor produksi, tenaga kerja dan ahli, asistensi) guna mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur negara mitra dan memperkuat konektivitas di sepanjang jalur BRI (Silk Road Economic Belt dan 21st Century Maritime Silk Road). Kendati sokongan yang disediakan untuk merealisasikan agenda Global Maritim Fulcrum (GMF) Indonesia, terdapat berbagai risiko multisektoral yang mengikuti penerimaan BRI. Terlebih lagi, latar belakang persaingan geopolitis yang menjadi preseden kemunculan BRI semakin menambah daftar ancaman pada tingkat nasional, regional dan internasional. Keresahan tersebut menghadirkan pertanyaan yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini; mengapa Indonesia tetap melakukan penerimaan Belt and Road Initiative Tiongkok? Dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis economic statecraft, penulis menemukan terdapat beberapa faktor yang mendorong sebuah negara untuk menerima economic statecraft, yakni; tingkat stateness Indonesia yang tinggi sehingga mampu merumuskan kebijakan yang sesuai kepentingan eksekutif dan mengabaikan risiko dan/atau penolakan pada tingkat domestik; keterbatasan fiskal Indonesia dalam memenuhi ekspektasi pembangunan dalam negeri; keselarasan antara kepentingan pembangunan Indonesia dengan benefit yang dapat BRI sediakan; kekuatan Tiongkok sebagai emerging major power yang meningkatkan kredibilitas BRI; dan adanya ancaman geopolitis yang lebih besar apabila Indonesia menolak sebagai konsekuensi dari relasi asimetris antara Tiongkok-Indonesia.

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In 2018, the Indonesian government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Chinese government which marked the inauguration of Indonesia-China cooperation within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This initiative was initiated by the Chinese government to provide economic incentives (funding, production factors, labor and experts, assistance) to support partner countries' infrastructure development and strengthen connectivity along the BRI route (Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road). Despite the support provided to realize Indonesia's Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) agenda, there are multisectoral risks that follow BRI's acceptance. Moreover, the background of geopolitical rivalry that precedes the emergence of the BRI further adds to the list of threats at the national, regional and international levels. This unrest presents the question raised in this thesis; why does Indonesia continue to accept China's Belt and Road Initiative? By using the economic statecraft analysis framework, the author finds that there are several factors that encourage a country to accept economic statecraft, namely; Indonesia's high level of stateness so that it is able to formulate policies that suit executive interests and ignore risks and/or rejection at the domestic level; Indonesia's fiscal limitations in meeting domestic development expectations; alignment between Indonesia's development interests and the benefits that BRI can provide; China's strength as an emerging major power that increases the credibility of BRI; and the existence of a greater geopolitical threat if Indonesia refuses as a consequence of asymmetrical relations between China-Indonesia."