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"Sebagai penyair simbolis, Rimbaud menggunakan gaya bahasa dan perlambangan untuk membangkitkan imajinasi pada puisinya. Hal itu hadir pada puisi Voyelles (1871). Terdapat berbagai penelitian terdahulu yang mengkaji puisi itu. Luasnya ruang interpretasi makna dalam puisi itu adalah salah satu alasannya. Untuk melanjutkan diskusi ilmiah terkait puisi Voyelles, penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan dengan topik konstruksi utopia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memaparkan bagaimana utopia dibangun pada puisi itu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan struktural-semiotika. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa puisi itu menyampaikan keinginan atas suatu keadaan ideal yang sulit dicapai. Ditemukan pula unsur pesimisme terhadap realitas serta kompleksitas dalam pembentukan utopia pada puisi itu. Utopia pada puisi itu diwakili oleh warna putih dan dibangun melalui simbolisasi warna spektral primer sebagai elemen pembentuk. Puisi itu menekankan peran keseimbangan dan keselarasan antara manusia, alam, ilmu pengetahuan, dan transformasi dalam pembentukan utopia. Utopia yang hadir pada puisi itu digambarkan sebagai akhir dari berbagai permasalahan yang dialami oleh masyarakat Prancis pada abad ke-19.

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As a symbolist poet, Rimbaud used figurative languages and imagery to evoke imagination through his poetry, as found in Voyelles (1871). Various research had been conducted to examine said poem due to its wide scope of interpretation regarding its meaning. In order to continue the discussion about Voyelles, this study offers a novelty by carrying out the construction of utopia as its topic. This study aims to explain how utopia is constructed in the poem, as well as to describe said utopia. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a structural-semiotic approach. This study shows that the poem conveys the desire for an ideal state that is difficult to achieve. Pessimism and complexity are also found in the formation of utopia in the poem. The utopia in the poem is represented by the colour white and is constructed through symbolization of the primary spectral colours as its forming element. The poem emphasizes the role of balance and harmony between humans, nature, science, and transformation in the formation of utopia. The utopia constructed in the poem is described as the end of the various problems experienced by the French society throughout the 19th century."

""For Erik Reece, life, at last, was good: he was newly married, gainfully employed, living in a creekside cabin in his beloved Kentucky woods. It sounded, as he describes it, "like a country song with a happy ending." And yet he was still haunted by a sense that the world--or, more specifically, his country--could be better. He couldn't ignore his conviction that, in fact, the good ol' USA was in the midst of great social, environmental, and political crises--that for the first time in our history, we were being swept into a future that had no future. Where did we--here, in the land of Jeffersonian optimism and better tomorrows--go wrong? Rather than despair, Reece turned to those who had dared to imagine radically different futures for America. What followed was a giant road trip and research adventure through the sites of America's utopian communities, both historical and contemporary, known and unknown, successful and catastrophic. What he uncovered was not just a series of lost histories and broken visionaries but also a continuing and vital but hidden idealistic tradition in American intellectual history. Utopia Drive is an important and definitive reconstruction of that tradition. It is also, perhaps, a new framework to help us find a genuinely sustainable way forward. "--"Eric Reece, author of Lost Mountain and An American Gospel, traces the history of the utopian movement in America and lays out a radical re-visioning of the future of utopian societies"--"

"enulisan ini bertujuan untuk meneliti seruan freedom of speech dalam puisi berjudul Ikhtiyar karya Azzedine Mihoubi yang merupakan seorang penyair dan mantan menteri Kebudayaan Aljazair tahun 2015-2019. Puisi digunakan sebagai media menyampaikan pendapat para demonstran sebagai salah satu bentuk kebebasan pendapat. Akan tetapi seorang demonstran di Aljazair ditangkap sebagai tahanan politik setelah membacakan puisinya yang berisi kritik kepada pemerintah. Melihat peristiwa penangkapan tersebut, puisi Ikhtiyar menjadi menarik untuk diteliti. Karena puisi tersebut dibuat oleh seorang penyair yang pernah menjabat di pemerintahan. Pemerintahan pada umumnya sering menerima krtik dari rakyatnya sebagai bentuk kebebasan berpendapat dan Mihoubi menunjukan dukungan atas kebebasan berpendapat melalui puisi Ikhtiyar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pendekatan kualitatif dan deskriptif berdasarkan teori retorika Arab atau balagah dan teori isotopi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa teori balagah dan teori isotopi merupakan teori yang tepat untuk melihat seruan dan tema freedom of speech dalam puisi Ikhtiyar. Dalam puisi ini ditemukan banyak seruan freedom of speech yang ditujukan kepada rakyat Aljazair. Selain ditemukan tema freedom of speech, puisi ini juga terdapat sub-tema perjuangan, persaudaraan setanah air dan musuh negara.

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This research aims to examine the invocation of the freedom of speech within Azzedine's poem entitled “Ikhtiyar”, written by Mihoubi Azzedine, who is a poet and a former Minister of Culture of Algeria from 2015-2019. Poetry is utilized as a medium to convey the opinion of demonstrators as a form of a freedom of speech. However, a protester in Algeria was arrested as a political prisoner after reading out loud his poetry which embodied criticism towards the government. Considering the arrest incident, the poetry of Ikhtiyar has become intriguing to research due the fact that the poem was composed by a poet who had served in the government. In general, the government often receives criticism from its people as a form of free-speech. On that ground, Mihoubi emphasized his support towards the civil-liberty through the Ikhtiyar poetry. This research was conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach based on the Arabic rhetoric theory or balagah and the isotopic theory. Within the research, it is found that the balagah theory and the isotopic theory are suitable to examine the exclamation and the theme of freedom of speech in the Ikhtiyar poetry. Within this poem, it has discovered that there are many calls for the free-speech addressed to the Algerian people. Along the freedom of speech, this poem also encloses several sub-themes of struggles, compatriots, and enemies of the state."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang pemaknaan warna biru dalam dua buah puisi berbahasa Jerman karya Else Lasker-Schueler dengan menggunakan teori semiotik dari Saussure. Penggunaan tanda dalam puisi seperti warna adalah bukan sesuatu yang asing dalam sebuah karya sastra. Penggunaan tanda ini sering digunakan untuk menyampaikan sebuah pesan ataupun emosi dari sang penyair, terutama di era ekspresionisme. Namun, penggunaan tanda dalam sebuah karya dapat menimbulkan interpretasi yang berbeda-beda. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pemaknaan warna biru dalam kedua puisi ini oleh sang penyair dan melihat alasan mengapa Lasker-Schueler menggunakan warna biru dalam kedua karya tersebut serta melihat bagaimana pemaknaan biru dalam budaya jerman dan dalam kedua puisi ini. Korpus data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dua puisi karya Lasker-Schueler yang berjudul Gebet dan Mein blaues Klavier. Keduanya diterbitkan tahun 1943 dalam sebuah buku kumpulan puisi dengan judul Mein blaues Klavier. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa Lasker-Schueler memaknai warna biru dalam Gebet sebagai sesuatu yang positif yaitu harapan dan dalam Mein blaues Klavier sebagai kenangan bahagia dari masa kecilnya.

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This study discusses the meaning of blue in two German poems by Else Lasker-Schueler using the semiotic theory of Saussure. The use of signs in poetry like colors is not something unusual in a literary work. Sign in literature are often used to convey a message or emotion from the poet, especially in the era of expressionism. However, the use of signs in a literature work can also lead to different interpretations. Therefore, this study aims to see how the poet defines the meaning of blue in these two poems and to see the reasons behind the usage of blue in both works, and see how German culture interprets blue and how it relates to blue in these two poems. Corpus data used in this studyare two poems by Lasker-Schueler entitled Gebet and Mein blaues Klavier. Both poems were published in 1943 in a book under the title Mein blaues Klavier. The results from this study found that Lasker-Schueler interpreted the blue color in Gebet as something positive, hope, and in Mein blaues Klavier as a piece of a happy memory from her childhood."