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"Pendahuluan: Stunting merupakan masalah gagal tumbuh ditandai dengan tinggi badan tidak sesuai dengan usianya dan dapat diidentifikasi mulai dari usia dua tahun. Usia bayi 0-6 bulan merupakan usia yang tepat dalam pencegahan stunting dari faktor risiko diantaranya yaitu pola asuh orangtua, depresi ibu, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan faktor risiko stunting pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan. Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelatif dengan teknik quota sampling yang dilakukan secara daring. Jumlah responden sebanyak 102 ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Indonesia. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner yaitu pola a suh orangtua, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI), dan Paket Pemberian "SUKSES ASI". Hasil: Pola asuh orangtua sebagian besar termasuk dalam jenis demokratis yakni sebanyak 80,4%. Depresi perinatal yang dialami yakni sebanyak 44,1% dan yang tidak mengalami depresi sebanyak 55,9%. Depresi postpartum pada kategori tidak depresi sebanyak 82,4%, depresi ringan 16,7%, dan depresi sedang 1%. Pemberian ASI eksklusif sebagian besar masuk dalam kategori lancar yakni sebesar 93,1% berdasakan indikator bayi dan sebesar 87,3% berdasarkan indikator ibu. Karakteristik ibu yakni kadar hemoglobin memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan depresi perinatal dan depresi postpartum dan pekerjaan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan depresi postpartum. Depresi perinatal dan postpartum memiliki hubungan  yang bermakna dengan pola asuh orangtua dan pemberian ASI eksklusif berdasarkan indikator bayi dan ibu. Rekomendasi: Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar mengembangkan program pencegahan kejadian stunting berdasarkan faktor risiko pada bayi yaitu pola asuh orangtua, depresi ibu, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif.

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Introduction: Stunting is a growth failure problem characterized by height that is not suitable for age and can be identified starting from the age of two. Infant 0-6 months is the right age in preventing stunting from risk factors including parenting, maternal depression, and exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to determine the factors associated with risk factors for stunting in infants aged 0-6 months.Methods: The research design used descriptive correlative with a quota sampling technique which was conducted online. The number of respondents was 102 mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months in Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire, namely the pattern of parental temperature, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI), and the "SUCCESS ASI" package.Results: Most of the parenting styles were democratic, namely 80.4%. Perinatal depression experienced by 44.1% and those who did not experience depression as much as 55.9%. Postpartum depression in the non-depressed category was 82.4%, mild depression was 16.7%, and moderate depression was 1%. Most of the exclusive breastfeeding was in the smooth category, namely 93.1% based on infant indicators and 87.3% based on maternal indicators. Maternal characteristics, namely hemoglobin levels have a significant relationship with perinatal depression and postpartum depression and work has a significant relationship with postpartum depression. Perinatal and postpartum depression have a significant relationship with parenting styles and exclusive breastfeeding based on indicators of infants and mothers. Recommendation: The results of this study are expected to be the basis for developing a stunting prevention program based on risk factors in infants, namely parenting, maternal depression, and exclusive breastfeeding."

"[ABSTRAKPersepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI (PKA) adalah pikiran atau perasaan ibu terhadap kondisi ketiadaan atau berkurangnya produksi ASI sehingga ibu merasa bahwa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA menjadi alasan utama ibu berhenti menyusui secara dini dan alasan untuk memberikan makanan tambahan lebih awal pada bayinya. Prevalensi PKA belum diketahui secara pasti, diperkirakan antara 30-80% dari ibu yang menyusui mempunyai PKA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan faktor ?faktor yang berhubungan dengan PKA pada ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sewon Yogyakarta. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Cross Sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 71 sampel ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-6 bulan yang gagal menyusui secara eksklusif dikarenakan mengalami PKA. Hasil analisis didapatkan sebanyak 59 (83,1%) ibu memiliki PKA dengan ASI yang cukup. Ada hubungan yang bermakna konseling ASI saat Antenatal Care (ANC) dengan PKA yang mempunyai ASI cukup, ibu yang tidak mendapatkan konseling saat ANC berpeluang 19,7 kali mempunyai PKA, p=0,012; OR=19,746 (CI 95% 1,926-202,456). Konseling ASI pada saat ANC yang berkualitas merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilaksanakan oleh petugas kesehatan untuk persiapan menyusui. Pemanfaatan ?Temu wicara? dalam konsep 10 T dalam ANC perlu diefektifkan untuk membahas persiapan laktasi.

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ABSTRACTInsufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about the condition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milk is not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stop breastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers has PKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples of mothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencing PKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456). Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation for breastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of ?Gathering of speech? in the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation.;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation, Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies’ 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation]"

"Pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI saja tanpa cairan atau makanan padat apapun kecuali vitamin, mineral atau obat sampai dengan usia 6 bulan. Cakupan ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Kecamatan Setiabudi tahun 2016 adalah 43,5. Kondisi ini belum mencapai target nasional sebesar 80. Penelitian ini mengukur proporsi pemberian ASI eksklusif dan mempelajari faktor yang berhubungan pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Setiabudi dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian menemukan bahwa proporsi pemberian ASI eksklusif untuk tahun 2017 sebesar 56,8 95 CI: 54 -66, hal ini mengindikasikan adanya perbaikan kondisi pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Kecamatan Setiabudi. Temuan lain adalah ada hubungan antara dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peran tenaga kesehatan sangatlah penting terhadap keberhasilan dalam ASI eksklusif. Bidan dan kader perlu berperan lebih besar dalam pemantauan pemberian ASI eksklusif.

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Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding alone without any fluids or solids except vitamins, minerals or medicines up to 6 months of age. The exclusive breastfeeding coverage at Health Center of Setiabudi Subdistrict in 2016 was 43.5. This condition has not reached the national target of 80. This study among measured the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding and studied factors related to breastfeeding infants aged 0 6 months in Health Center of Setiabudi Subdistrict with cross sectional design. The study found that the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding for 2017 was 56.8 95 CI 54 66, indicating improvement in exclusive breastfeeding conditions in Health Center of Setiabudi Subdistrict. Another finding is that there is a relation between support of health workers and exclusive breastfeeding behaviors. This suggests that the role of health workers is crucial to success in exclusive breastfeeding, especially midwives and cadre roles in exclusive breastfeeding monitoring."

"Pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) didefinisikan sebagai proses yang dimulai ketika ASI tidak lagi mencukupi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi bayi, dan oleh karena itu makanan dan cairan lain yang diperlukan, bersama dengan pemberian ASI. Pemberian MP-ASI yang lebih dini dari yang seharusnya berdampak buruk bagi anak, antara lain infeksi saluran pernapasan, infeksi saluran cerna, diare serta alergi dan obesitas di kemudian hari. Selain itu, mempersembahkan MP-ASI dini juga dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi ASI pada ibu serta meningkatkan risiko stunting pada bayi. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder SDKI tahun 2017 dengan total sampel 527 responden ibu dengan bayi berusia 4-5 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional. Penelitin ini bertujuan untuk melihat prevalensi pemberian MP-ASI dini pada bayi berusia 4-5 bulan di Indonesia serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi perilaku mempersembahkan MP-ASI dini pada bayi berusia 4-5 bulan di Indonesia mencapai 49,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square menemukan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan signifikan dengan perilaku pemberian MP-ASI dini pada bayi berusia 4-5 bulan di Indonesia adalah usia ibu (OR = 1.585; 95% CI 1.071 - 2.347), paritas ( OR = 1,568; 95% CI 1,074 - 2,288), dan makanan prelakteal (OR = 2,144; 95% CI 1,513 - 3,040). Hasil analisis multivariat dengan analisis regresi logistik menemukan bahwa makanan prelakteal merupakan satu-satunya faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku pemberian MP-ASI dini pada bayi berusia 4-5 bulan di Indonesia setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia ibu dan paritas (OR = 2,105; 95% CI 1.481 - 2.991). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu menggencarkan penyebaran informasi tentang ASI eksklusif dan MP-ASI terutama pada ibu yang masih muda dan ibu yang baru hamil atau melahirkan anak pertama serta meningkatkan peran penolong persalinan untuk mengedukasi ibu yang baru melahirkan agar tidak memberikan makanan prelakteal pada bayi.Complementary Feeding is defined as a process that begins when breast milk is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of infants, and therefore food and other fluids are needed, along with breastfeeding. Early introduction of complementary feeding have a bad impact on children, such as respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, allergies and obesity later in life. In addition, early introduction of complementary feeding can also cause a decrease in breast milk production in the mother and increase the risk of stunting in infants. This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2017 IDHS with a total sample of 527 mothers with infants aged 4-5 months in Indonesia. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach using cross sectional method. This research aims to determine the prevalence of early introduction of complementary feeding for infants aged 4-5 months in Indonesia and the factors that influence it. The results showed that the prevalence of behavior of early breastfeeding for infants aged 4-5 months in Indonesia reached 49.5%. The results of the bivariate analysis with the chi-square test found that the factors significantly related to the behavior of early breastfeeding for infants aged 4-5 months in Indonesia were maternal age (OR = 1,585; 95% CI 1,071-2,347), parity (OR = 1.568; 95% CI 1.074 - 2.288), and prelacteal food (OR = 2.144; 95% CI 1.513 - 3.040). The results of multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression analysis found that practical food was the only factor that had a significant relationship with the behavior of early breastfeeding for infants aged 4-5 months in Indonesia after being controlled by variables of maternal age and parity (OR = 2.105; 95% CI 1.481 - 2.991). Based on the results of the study, the advice that can be given is to intensify the dissemination of information about exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding especially to young mothers and mothers who are pregnant or giving birth to their first child and increase the role of childbirth helpers to educate newborn mothers so as not to provide practical food."

"Imunisasi merupakan upaya untuk mencegah penyakit menular mulai dari bayi baru lahir hingga dewasa. Hingga saat ini imunisasi merupakan cara yang efektif untuk mencegah penyebaran dan eradikasi penyakit menular. Pandemi COVID-19 memberikan dampak pada berbagai sektor, termasuk pelayanan imunisasi anak. Berdasarkan data tahun 2021, Kecamatan Limo memiliki cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap sebesar 78,5%. Berbagai faktor berkontribusi pada ibu untuk melakukan imunisasi dasar bagi bayi mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku ibu dalam melakukan imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi di Kecamatan Limo Kota Depok menggunakan teori Health Belief Model (HBM). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan teknik quota sampling. Data didapatkan dengan melakukan wawancara pada 212 ibu yang memiliki anak usia 13-24 bulan yang datang ke Posyandu di Kecamatan Limo Kota Depok menggunakan kuesioner dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji logistik regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi ibu yang memberikan imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi mereka sebesar 74,5% dan persepsi hambatan merupakan faktor paling berhubungan dengan perilaku ibu. Ibu yang tidak memiliki persepsi hambatan berpeluang melakukan imunisasi dasar lengkap 3,5 kali dibandingkan ibu yang memiliki hambatan dalam melakukan imunisasi bagi anaknya setelah dikontrol dengan persepsi keparahan (nilai p = 0,048, OR = 3.496, 95%CI = 1.010-12.104).

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Immunization is an effort to prevent infectious diseases from newborns to adults. Until now, immunization has been an effective way to prevent spreading and eradicate infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted various sectors, including child immunization services. Based on data for 2021, Limo District has complete basic immunization coverage of 78.5%. Various factors contribute to mothers carrying out basic immunization for their babies. This study aims to determine the factors related to maternal behaviour in completing the basic immunization of infants in Limo District, Depok City using the theory of the Health Belief Model (HBM). This study used a cross-sectional design with a quota sampling technique. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with 212 mothers with children aged 13-24 months in Limo District, Depok City using a questionnaire and then analyzed with multiple regression logistic. The results showed that 74,5% of mothers gave complete basic immunization to their babies, and the perceived barriers was the factor most related to the mother's behavior. Mothers who did not have perceived barriers had the opportunity to carry out complete basic immunization 3.5 times compared to mothers who had barriers in immunizing their children after being controlled by perceived severity (p-value=0.048, OR=3,496, 95% CI=1,010-12,104)."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan gejala depresi maternal pada periode lima tahun pertama pasca persalinan terutama faktor sosio-ekonomi, kesehatan ibu dan anak serta dukungan sosial. Dalam penelitian ini gejala depresi maternal diukur menggunakan instrumen CESD-10. Ibu dianggap memiliki gejala depresi jika total score CESD-10 sebesar sepuluh atau lebih. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survei IFLS tahun 2014 IFLS5 . Penelitian ini memiliki tiga model analisis untuk mengetahui determinan gejala depresi maternal menurut periode pasca persalinan yaitu 0 ndash; 59 bulan pasca persalinan, 0 ndash; 23 bulan pasca persalinan dan 24 ndash; 59 bulan pasca persalinan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan ibu dan anak, kondisi sosio-ekonomi dan dukungan sosial berhubungan dengan gejala depresi maternal pada lima tahun pertama pasca persalinan. ibu tanpa penyakit kronis, tidak menderita anemia serta memiliki balita sehat memiliki peluang mengalami gejala depresi maternal lebih rendah. Pendidikan dan tingkat ekonomi memiliki hubungan negatif dengan gejala depresi maternal sedangkan ibu bekerja memiliki peluang depresi maternal lebih tinggi dibanding ibu tidak bekerja. Ibu yang tinggal di keluarga besar memiliki peluang mengalami depresi maternal lebih tinggi dibanding ibu yang tinggal di keluarga inti. Pada analisis menurut periode pasca persalinan faktor kesehatan ibu dan anak berhubungan dengan gejala depresi maternal baik pada periode 0 ndash; 23 bulan maupun 24 ndash; 59 bulan pasca persalinan kecuali anemia hanya memiliki hubungan bermakna pada periode 0 ndash; 23 bulan pasca persalinan. Kondisi ekonomi memiliki hubungan negatif pada periode 24 ndash; 59 bulan pasca persalinan, namun tidak pada periode 0 ndash; 23 bulan pasca persalinan. Gejala depresi maternal pada periode 0 ndash; 23 bulan lebih banyak berhubungan dengan kondisi kesehatan ibu dan anak, namun pada periode selanjutnya faktor lain mulai memberikan hubungan dengan gejala depresi maternal.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the determinants of maternal depressive symptoms in first five years postpartum, especially socio economic, maternal and child health and social support factors. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using CESD 10. Mothers were categorized to have maternal depressive symptoms if had ten or more of the total score of CESD 10. This study used data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey IFLS 2014 IFLS5 . This study had three models to analyze the determinants of maternal depressive symptoms in 0 59 months postpartum, 0 23 months postpartum and 24 59 months postpartum. This study found that maternal and child health, socio economic status and social support were associated with maternal depressive symptoms in the first five years postpartum. Mothers without chronic disease, not suffering from anemia and having healthy under five years old children had lower probability of maternal depressive symptoms. Education and economic levels had a negative association with maternal depressive symptoms. Working mothers had higher probability of maternal depressive symptoms than unemployed mothers. Mothers who living in extended families had a higher probability of maternal depression symptom than mothers who live in nuclear families. According to postpartum period analysis, maternal and child health factors were associated with maternal depressive symptoms in both the 0 23 months and 24 49 months postpartum period unless anemia only had a significant relationship in the 0 23 months postpartum period. Economic conditions had a negative relationship in the period 24 59 months postpartum, but not in the period 0 23 months postpartum. Symptoms of maternal depression in the period 0 23 months were more associated with maternal and child health conditions. But in the next period, other factors begin to have the relationship to maternal depressive symptoms."

"Makanan pendamping ASI adalah makanan atau minuman yang mengandung zat gizi, diberikan kepada bayi atau anak usia 6-24 bulan guna memenuhi kebutuhan gizi selain dari ASI. Pemberian makanan pendamping sebelum usia 6 bulan dapat berisiko terhadap gangguan tumbuh kembang bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemberian MP-ASI dini dan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pemberian MP-ASI dini. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 191 ibu yang memiliki bayi umur 2-12 bulan di wilayah Kecamatan Makasar. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga Puskesmas di wilayah Kecamatan Makasar, yaitu Puskesmas Kelurahan Cipinang Melayu, Puskesmas Kelurahan Kebon Pala, dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Makasar. Analisa hubungan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi pemberian MP-ASI dini di Kecamatan Makasar sebanyak 53,9%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status pekerjaan ibu dan tingkat pengetahuan ibu mengenai dampak pemberian MP-ASI dini dengan pemberian MP-ASI dini. Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, pendidikan, paritas, praktik IMD, dan berat lahir bayi dengan pemberian MP-ASI dini.

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Complementary foods are foods or drinks that contain nutrients, given to infants or children aged 6-24 months in order to meet the nutritional needs other than breast milk. Complementary feeding before the age of 6 months can be at risk for impaired growth and development of infants.

This study aims to describe the giving early complementary feeding and factors that influence of giving early complementary feeding. This study is a quantitative cross-sectional design and a sample size of 191 mothers of infants aged 2-12 months in the Districts Makasar. The study was conducted in three health centers in the Districts Makasar, namely Cipinang Melayu Health Centers, Kebon Pala Health Centers, and Makasar Health Centers. Analysis of the relationship using the chi square test.

The results showed that the prevalence of giving early complementary feeding in the Districts Makasar as much as 53,9%. Statistical test results showed significant relationship between maternal employment status and mother's level of knowledge about the impact of giving early complementary feeding in the giving early complementary feeding. However, there is no significant relationship between age, education, parity, early initiation of breastfeeding practices, and birth weight infants with giving early complementary feeding."

"Praktik pemberian makanan pada bayi dan anak masih belum memenuhi standar WHO, meskipun telah banyak dilakukan edukasi. Beragam faktor seperti suku, budaya serta informasi digital mempengaruhi pilihan ibu dalam pemberian MPASI di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pilihan ibu dalam pemberian makanan pendamping ASI pada bayi usia 6-23 bulan di sepuluh suku di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini adalah survei potong lintang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive. Sebanyak 443 ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-23 bulan dari 13 kota yang mewakili 10 suku terbesar di Indonesia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu, suku ibu, penghasilan keluarga, perilaku ibu, dan kepercayaan/ tradisi ibu dengan pilihan ibu dalam pemberian MPASI pada bayi usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia. Berbagai sumber informasi pengetahuan gizi seperti keluarga, buku, teman, internet, pelatihan dan sumber lainnya juga berhubungan signifikan dengan pilihan ibu dalam pemberian MP ASI. Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan pilihan ibu dalam pemberian MP ASI di sepuluh suku di Indonesia yaitu perilaku ibu, kepercayaan/ tradisi ibu dan sumber informasi dari internet. Simpulan yang didapat adalah faktor personal, interpersonal dan faktor sosial mempengaruhi pilihan ibu dalam pemberian MPASI. Oleh karena itu, kampanye mengenai pentingnya pemberian MPASI harus fokus pada kepercayaan lokal serta pemanfaatan teknologi internet dan media sosial untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan praktik pemberian MPASI oleh ibu.

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Feeding practices for infants and young children still do not meet WHO standards, despite extensive education efforts. Various factors such as ethnicity, culture, and digital information influence mothers' choices in providing complementary feedin g. This study aims to identify the factors related to mothers' choices in providing complementary feeding for infants aged 6-23 months across ten ethnic groups in Indonesia. This cross-sectional survey employed a consecutive sampling technique. A total of 443 mothers with children aged 6-23 months from 13 cities representing the ten largest ethnic groups in Indonesia participated in this study. Data were collected using electronic questionnaires. The results showed significant associations between mothers’ education, ethnicity, family income, mothers’ behavior, and mothers' beliefs/traditions with mothers' choices in providing complementary feeding. Various sources of nutritional knowledge, such as family, books, friends, the internet, training, and other sources, also significantly influence mothers' choices in providing MPASI. Multivariate analysis identified that the most dominant factors associated with mothers' choices in providing complementary feeding across the ten ethnic groups in Indonesia are mothers' behavior, beliefs/traditions, and information sources from the internet. The conclusion is that personal, interpersonal, and social factors influence mothers' choices in providing complementary feeding. Therefore, campaigns on the importance of complementary feeding need to focus on local beliefs and the use of internet technology and social media to enhance mothers' understanding and practices of complementary feeding."

"Status gizi seseorang menunjukkan seberapa besar kebutuhan fisiologis individu tersebut telah terpenuhi. Status gizi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran status gizi bayi usia 1,5-8 bulan di Jakarta Utara dan hubungannya dengan jenis kelamin bayi, pendidikan terakhir ibu, pekerjaan ibu, penghasilan ibu, usia ibu saat melahirkan, morbiditas diare dan Infeksi Saluran Napas Atas (ISPA), dan pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI). Penelitian menggunakan studi cross-sectional dan dilakukan pada 86 responden yang memiliki bayi usia 1,5 hingga 8 bulan di Jakarta Utara. Data didapatkan berupa status gizi bayi, jenis kelamin bayi, usia ibu saat melahirkan, tingkat pendidikan ibu, penghasilan ibu, morbiditas diare dan ISPA, dan pemberian ASI yang akan diteliti hubungannya dengan status gizi bayi yang diuji dengan uji Chi-Square (p<0,05).Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan proporsi status gizi wasted sebesar 2,3%, dengan proporsi jenis kelamin bayi laki-laki 45,3%, dan perempuan 54,7%, pemberian ASI sebesar 32,6%, ibu bekerja 11,6%, diare dan ISPA bayi dalam kurun waktu 2 minggu terakhir masing-masing 3,5% dan 32,6%, tingkat pendidikan ibu rendah 61,6%, sedang 38,4%, dan tidak ada yang tinggi, tingkat penghasilan keluarga sedang 53,5% dan tinggi 46,5, semuanya tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05).

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Nutrition status of someone showing how big the individual physiological needs have been met. Nutritional status is influenced by various factors. This study aims to know the nutritional status of infants aged 1,5-8 months in East Jakarta and the relationship with the infant?s gender, history of breast feeding , maternal education level, working mother, family?s income, maternal age at giving birth, diarrhea, and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Research used crosssectional study conducted on 86 and respondents who have an infants aged 1.5 to 8 months in East Jakarta. Data obtained form the nutrition status of the baby, the baby's gender, maternal age at giving birth, maternal education level, working mother, family?s income, morbiditas diarrhea and URTI, and the breast feeding will be related to the nutritional status of infants tested with the Chi-Square test (p<0,05).

Research results obtained from the proportion of wasted nutritional status of 1.1%. With the proportion of boy 45.3%, and girl 54.7%, 32.6% breastfeeding, maternal age at giving birth less than 20 years and more than 35 years 26.7%, working mother 11.6%, diarrhea URTI over the last 2 weeks each 3.5% and 32.6%, low maternal education level are 61.6%, moderate family income levels are 53.5% and high are 46,5% , all does not have a meaningful association (p>0,05)."

"Dua tahun pertama kehidupan adalah adalah periode kritis yang menentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Kekurangan gizi selama periode ini dapat menyebabkan perkembangan kognitif yang terhambat, pencapaian pendidikan yang rendah, dan menurunkan produktivitas ekonomi. WHO merekomendasikan bayi diberikan MPASI kaya zat besi untuk menutupi kesenjangan kenaikkan kebutuhan zat besi. Banyak faktor yang telah diyakini mempengaruhi pemberian MPASI, namun masih sangat sedikit penelitian yang mengeksploarasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian MPASI kaya zat besi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pemberian MPASI ASI kaya zat besi dan faktor determinannya yang berhubungan dengan pemberian MPASI kaya zat besi pada bayi usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia tahun 2017. Desain penelitian yang digunakan ialah cross-sectional dengan besar sampel sebanyak 2400 ibu yang memiliki bayi berusia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana (random sampling) untuk memilih sampel yang diperlukan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sebanyak 73,7% bayi berusia 6–23 bulan menerima MPASI kaya zat besi. Tingkat pendidikan ibu [OR = 1,38; 95% CI: 1,035-1,831], akses media digital [OR = 1,44; 95% CI: 1,079-1,922], usia anak [OR = 1,76; 95% CI: 1,453-2,132], tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga [OR = 1,80; 95% CI: 1,409-2,310], dan postnatal care (PNC) [OR = 1,37; 95% CI: 1,117- 1,679] berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemberian MPASI kaya zat besi. Tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga merupakan prediktor terkuat dalam memberikan MPASI kaya zat besi. Kementerian Kesehatan terus mengoptimalkan program intervensi gizi, khususnya pemberian MPASI kaya zat besi. Kementerian Pertanian disarankan menggalakkan program Rumah Pangan Lestari untuk menjamin ketersediaan makanan kaya zat besi. Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan disarankan memberikan pelayanan edukasi gizi dan membuat media informasi digital terkait praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak yang mudah diakses, dipahami, dan menarik untuk dibaca oleh ibu. Ibu sebagai pengasuh utama bayi disarankan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang MPASI kaya zat besi melalui media digital ataupun berkonsultasi dengan tenaga kesehatan.

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The first two years of life are critical periods that determine the growth and development of the child. Malnutrition during this period can lead to impairment of cognitive development, lower educational attainment, and decreased economic productivity. WHO recommends infants should be given iron-rich complementary foods to cover the gap in iron demand. Many factors have been believed to influence the practice of complementary feeding, but there are still very few studies that explore factors related to the practice of iron-rich complementary foods. The purpose of this study is to know the proportion of iron-rich complementary foods and its determinant factors related to the practice of iron-rich complementary foods in infants aged 6-23 months in Indonesia in 2017. The research design used is cross-sectional with a sample size of 2400 mothers who have infants aged 6-23 months in Indonesia. Sampling techniques are done with random sampling to select the necessary samples. Data analysis is performed using SPSS version 25. Based on the results of the study, as many as 73.7% of infants aged 6-23 months received iron-rich complementary foods. Maternal education [OR = 1,38;95% CI: 1,035-1,831], digital media access [OR = 1,44; 95% CI: 1,079-1,922] child age [OR = 1,76; 95% CI: 1,453-2,132], family welfare rate [OR = 1,80; 95% CI: 1,409-2,310], and postnatal care (PNC) [OR = 1,37; 95% CI: 1,117-1,679] significantly affect the administration of iron-rich complementary foods. The level of family welfare is the strongest predictor in providing iron-rich complementary foods. The Ministry of Health continues to optimize nutrition intervention programs, especially the provision of iron-rich complementary foods. The Ministry of Agriculture suggests promoting the Sustainable Food House program to ensure the availability of iron-rich foods. Health care facilities are recommended to provide nutrition education services and create digital information media related to infant and child feeding practices that are easily accessible, understood, and interesting to read by mothers. Mothers as the baby's primary caregivers are advised to improve their understanding of iron-rich complementary foods through digital media or consult with a health professional."