Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah diatas normal (hiperglikemia). Bahan alami yang mengandung zat hipoglikemik dapat menjadi alternatif pengobatan DM, salah satunya adalah daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata). Daun sambiloto mengandung senyawa andrografolid dan flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas anti-diabetes. Metode penelitian diawali dengan preparasi simplisia yang dilanjutkan dengan fermentasi menggunakan Aspergillus niger dengan variasi suhu fermentasi 26°C, 30°C, 34°C, dan 37°C. Sampel kemudian diekstraksi sonikasi pada frekuensi 42 kHz dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Dari keempat variasi suhu fermentasi, yield terbaik didapatkan pada suhu fermentasi 37°C dengan yield sebesar 14,85%. Hasil ekstraksi digunakan pada uji antidiabetes dengan membandingkan sampel yang diberi enzim α-glukosidase dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak kasar 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 5000 ppm dan dihitung absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Rata-rata nilai inhibisi terbaik ditunjukkan pada ekstrak dengan suhu fermentasi 37°C. Analisis komponen kimia dilakukan menggunakan GC-MS dan didapatkan komponen terbanyak yaitu asam karboksilat dan asam dekanoat. Jumlah kedua komponen tersebut lebih banyak pada ekstrak terfermentasi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak tidak terfermentasi.

---

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels above normal (hyperglycemia). Natural ingredients containing hypoglycemic substances can be an alternative treatment for DM, one of which is bitter leaf (Andrographis paniculata). Sambiloto leaves contain andrographolide and flavonoid compounds that have anti-diabetic activity. The research method began with simplicia preparation followed by fermentation using Aspergillus niger with variations in fermentation temperature of 26 ° C, 30 ° C, 34 ° C, and 37 ° C. The sample was then extracted with sonication at a frequency of 42 kHz with 70% ethanol solvent. Of the four fermentation temperature variations, the best yield is obtained at 37 ° C fermentation temperature with yields of 14.85%. Extraction results were used in antidiabetic tests by comparing samples given α-glucosidase enzymes with variations in crude extract concentrations of 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 500 ppm, and 5000 ppm and the absorbance was calculated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Crude extract with fermentation in 37 ° C showed the biggest mean inhibition effect. Chemical component analysis was carried out using GC-MS and obtained the most components, namely carboxylic acid and dexoic acid. The amount of the two components is more in the fermented extract compared to the unfermented extract.

"

"Konsep ekstraksi hijau adalah menciptakan proses ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dari tanaman dengan menjaga aspek lingkungan. Salah satu metode ekstraksi hijau adalah Ultrasound-Assissted Enzymatic Extraction (UAEE) yang merupakan kombinasi antara Ultrasound-Assissted Extraction (UEA) dan Enzyme-Assissted Extraction (EAE). Penggunaan enzim dalam proses UAEE akan membantu menghidrolisis dinding sel tanaman, sehingga memfasilitasi senyawa bioaktif untuk melepaskan lebih banyak dan lebih cepat. Pemulihan enzim dapat dicapai dengan melakukan Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) menggunakan Aspergillus niger. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengekstrak flavonoid dari daun pahit. Flavonoid dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim α - glukosidase sebagai enzim yang mempercepat hidrolisis karbohidrat menjadi glukosa dalam sistem pencernaan. Aktivitas antioksidan flavonoid berpotensi mencegah diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi waktu fermentasi dan suhu ekstraksi, untuk mendapatkan kondisi operasi yang memberikan hasil optimal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, fermentasi selama 5 hari mencapai nilai rendemen optimal sebesar 14,550%. Selain itu, persentase penghambatan terbesar enzim α - glukosidase dicapai pada 5,878% dalam sampel yang diekstraksi di bawah 40oC. Total konten flavonoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode AlCl3 dengan hasil tertinggi dicapai pada 1,352% oleh sampel yang diekstraksi di bawah 60°C.

---

The concept of green extraction is to create a process of extracting bioactive compounds from plants by preserving environmental aspects. One of the green extraction methods is Ultrasound-Assissted Enzymatic Extraction (UAEE) which is a combination of Ultrasound-Assissted Extraction (UAE) and Enzyme-Assissted Extraction (EAE). The use of enzymes in the UAEE process will help hydrolyze plant cell walls, thereby facilitating bioactive compounds to release more and faster. Enzyme recovery can be achieved by doing Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus niger. This method is used to extract flavonoids from bitter leaves. Flavonoids can inhibit the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme as an enzyme that accelerates the hydrolysis of carbohydrates into glucose in the digestive system. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids has the potential to prevent diabetes mellitus. This study uses variations in the fermentation time and extraction temperature, to obtain operating conditions that provide optimal results. Based on the results of this study, fermentation for 5 days reached an optimal yield of 14.550%. In addition, the largest percentage inhibitory enzyme α-glucosidase was achieved at 5.878% in samples extracted below 40oC. Total flavonoid content was carried out using the AlCl3 method with the highest results achieved at 1,352% by samples extracted below 60°C."

"[Pada penelitian ini, telah diuji pengaruh pemberian kombinasi ekstrak sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) dan spirulina (Arthrosphira platensis Gomont) terhadap persen parasitemia, persen survival, jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin serta persen apoptosis sel limpa pada mencit yang diinfeksi P. berghei. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap menggunakan 75 ekor mencit strain Swiss Webster. Kelompok uji terdiri dari kelompok AP, AP+ES, AP+PS, CMC dan DHP. Seluruh mencit diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei pada hari ke 0. Ekstrak bahan uji diberikan 3 hari sebelum diinfeksi (H-3) dansetiap hari selama 28 hari setelah infeksi. Data parasitemia diambil pada hari ke-3,7,10,15,21 dan 28. Sedangkan data jumlah eritrosit dan kadar Hb diambil pada hari ke 3, 10 dan 21. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji Anova satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi powder spirulina dan ekstrak sambiloto (AP+PS) memberikan hasil yang berbeda bermakna dalam menekan persen parasitemia (p=0,02), meningkatkan jumlah eritrosit (p=0,03) dan kadar hemoglobin (p=0,01) pada puncak infeksi, dibanding kelompok yang diberi sambiloto saja (AP). Pemberian ekstrak sambiloto dan atau tanpa spirulina dapat menurunkan persen apoptosis sel limpa secara bermakna (AP p= 0,001; AP+ES p= 0,000; AP+PS p= 0,000) dibanding dengan kelompok CMC pada puncak infeksi.;Effect of a combination of extracts of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees)and spirulina (Arthrosphira platensis Gomont) had been investigated decrease the number of parasitemia, increase erythrocytes count, level of hemoglobin and apoptosis of spleen cell in P. berghei infected mice. This study was conducted by employing a complete random design using 75 Swiss Webster mice. The test group consisted of groups of AP, AP + ES, AP + PS, DHP and CMC. All mice were infected with P. berghei on day 0. Material test given 3 days prior to infection (D-3) and for 28 consecutives days orally after infection. Data of parasitemia, taken on D3, 10,15, 21 and 28 while erythrocytes count, and level of hemoglobin taken on D3,10 and 21. Data processed by one way Anova test followed by post hoc test. Results showed that the combination of extract ofsambiloto and spirulina powder (AP + PS) was significant in suppressing the number of parasitemia (p = 0.02), increase of erythrocytes (p = 0.03) and level of hemoglobin (p = 0.01) in the peak of infection, compared with the group given only sambiloto (AP). Combination of sambiloto extract and or without spirulina had been significant in decrease apoptosis of spleen cell, (AP p= 0,001; AP+ES p= 0,000; AP+PS p= 0,000) compared with group of CMC, Effect of a combination of extracts of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees)and spirulina (Arthrosphira platensis Gomont) had been investigated decrease thenumber of parasitemia, increase erythrocytes count, level of hemoglobin andapoptosis of spleen cell in P. berghei infected mice. This study was conducted byemploying a complete random design using 75 Swiss Webster mice. The testgroup consisted of groups of AP, AP + ES, AP + PS, DHP and CMC. All micewere infected with P. berghei on day 0. Material test given 3 days prior toinfection (D-3) and for 28 consecutives days orally after infection. Data ofparasitemia, taken on D3, 10,15, 21 and 28 while erythrocytes count, and level ofhemoglobin taken on D3,10 and 21. Data processed by one way Anova testfollowed by post hoc test. Results showed that the combination of extract ofsambiloto and spirulina powder (AP + PS) was significant in suppressing thenumber of parasitemia (p = 0.02), increase of erythrocytes (p = 0.03) and level ofhemoglobin (p = 0.01) in the peak of infection, compared with the group givenonly sambiloto (AP). Combination of sambiloto extract and or without spirulinahad been significant in decrease apoptosis of spleen cell, (AP p= 0,001; AP+ESp= 0,000; AP+PS p= 0,000) compared with group of CMC]"

"Diabetes merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang tumbuh paling cepat di abad ke-21. Obat antidiabetes dengan berbagai mekanisme kerja telah banyak di produksi. Namun, sebagian besar penderita diabetes menggunakan tanaman untuk pengobatan alternatif karena merasa efek sampingnya lebih kecil dibandingkan obat antidiabetes. Tanaman yang telah terbukti berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes diantaranya adalah Caesalpinia sappan (secang), Andrographis paniculata (sambiloto), dan Syzygium cumini (jamblang). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antidiabetes dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol herba sambiloto, daun jamblang, dan kayu secang secara in vitro dengan penghambatan enzim alfa-glukosidase dan DPP-IV (Dipeptidil-peptidase IV). Kombinasi ketiga ekstrak dibuat dalam bentuk granul dan sediaan akhir berupa kapsul. Formula terbaik dilanjutkan untuk pengujian stabilitas selama 3 bulan. Caesalpinia sappan menunjukkan aktivitas paling kuat dalam menghambat enzim alfa-glukosidase dan DPP-IV dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar IC50 9,60 ± 1,05 µg/mL dan 59,98 ± 6,84%. Sementara, ekstrak kombinasi menghasilkan IC50 64,21 ± 1,37 µg/mL terhadap penghambatan alfa-glukosidase dan 45,14 ± 12,71% untuk penghambatan DPP-IV. Formulasi paling efisien adalah F1 yang menggunakan Avicel PH 101 dengan komposisi paling rendah. F1 memperoleh carr’s index 14,40 ± 1,38% dan hausner’s ratio 1,17 ± 0,02. Setelah penyimpanan tiga bulan, adanya perbedaan fisik. Kadar senyawa penanda turun setelah penyimpanan dua minggu. Namun, terjadi kenaikan setelahnya untuk brazilin dan andrografolid. Aktivitas penghambatan alfa-glukosidase berlangsung fluktuatif selama masa penyimpanan, namun mengarah pada peningkatan IC50. Caesalpinia sappan memiliki aktivitas paling kuat terhadap penghambatan alfa-glukosidase dan DPP-IV serta sediaan kapsul cenderung stabil selama penyimpanan 3 bulan. 

---

Diabetes is one of the fastest growing global health problems of the 21st century. Antidiabetic drugs with various mechanisms of action have been produced. However, most diabetics use plants as alternative medicine because its side effects are lower than antidiabetic drugs. Plants that have been shown to have potential as antidiabetic are Caesalpinia sappan, Andrographis paniculata, and Syzygium cumin. This study aims to examine the antidiabetic activity in vitro of the combination of ethanol extract of those three plants by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes. The combination of the three extracts was made in the form of granules in capsule. The best formula was continued for stability testing for 3 months. Caesalpinia sappan showed the strongest activity in inhibiting alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes with IC50 values of 9.60±1.05 µg/mL and 59.98±6.84%, respectively. Meanwhile, the combined extract obtained an IC50 of 64.21±1.37 µg/mL for alpha-glucosidase inhibition and 45.14±12.71% for DPP-IV inhibition. The most efficient formulation was F1 which use Avicel PH 101 with the lowest composition. F1 obtained a carr's index of 14.40±1.38% and a hausner's ratio of 1.17±0.02. After three months of storage, there was changed in physical appearance. The content of marker compounds decreased after two weeks of storage. However, there was a subsequent increase for brazilin and andrographolide. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity fluctuated during storage but led to an increasing in IC50. Caesalpinia sappan extract has the strongest activity against alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibition and capsule tend to be stable for 3 months of storage."

"Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian di dunia, dan Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-3 di dunia.Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang terbukti dapat digunakan pada infeksi saluran nafas ringan, namun perannya pada pengobatan TB masih perlu diteliti. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan peran penambahan ekstrak sambiloto pada pasien TB paru kasus baru yang mendapat terapi standar.Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar ganda (randomized double blind placebocontrolled clinical trial) terhadap 48 pasien TB paru kasus baru yang mendapat terapi standar Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT). Pasien dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yang sama banyak, 24 pasien pada kelompok perlakuan mendapat ekstrak sambiloto 1x500mg perhari dan 24 pasien pada kelompok kontrol mendapat plasebo dan dinilai perbaikan klinis dan konversi sputum bakteri tahan asam (BTA) pada minggu ke 2, 4, 6 dan 8 serta pemeriksaan radiologis/foto thorak pada minggu 0 dan 8.Evaluasi 8 minggu pertama, pemberian ekstrak sambiloto pada pasien TB paru kasus baru yang mendapat terapi standar memberikan kecenderungan konversi lebih cepat dibandingkan pemberian plasebo, walaupun tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (rerata lama konversi sambiloto vs plasebo : 4,7 minggu vs 5,65 minggu; P = -0,026 (Uji P, Pearson Correlation ). Analisis subgrup konversi pada minggu ke-4 dan ke-6 memberikan hasil bermakna secara statistik (minggu ke 4 : plasebo : 43%; sambiloto 65%; minggu ke 6 : plasebo : 61%; sambiloto 70%). Didapatkan pula kecenderungan perbaikan gejala klinis dan perbaikan foto thorak dibandingkan plasebo walapun secara statistik tidak bermakna.Sambiloto cukup menjanjikan sebagai terapi komplementer pada pengobatan TB bersama dengan OAT, namun masih membutuhkan studi lebih banyak lagi.

---

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, and Indonesia ranks third in the world.Andrographis paniculata is one of the traditional plants that are proven to be used in mild respiratory tract infections, but its role in TB treatment remains to be investigated. This research was conducted to prove the role of the suplementation of extract Andrographis paniculata in patients with new cases of pulmonary TB who received standard therapy.This study is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in 48 new cases of pulmonary TB patients who received standard therapy Anti Tuberculosis Agent, the patients were divided in two groups, in which group 1, 24 patients in the treatment group received the extract Andrographis paniculata 1x500mg per day and 24 patients in the control group received placebo and assessed clinical improvement and sputum smear conversion at weeks 0, 2, 4,6 and 8, and radiological examination / thoracic photo at weeks 0 and 8.Evaluation of the fist 8 weeks, the extract Andrographis paniculata in patients with new cases of pulmonary TB who received standard therapy provides faster conversion trend when compared with placebo, although the difference was not found statistically significant (mean old Andrographis paniculata conversion vs. placebo: 4.7 weeks vs. 5.65 weeks, P = -0.026 (P test, Pearson correlation). In this study, statistically not significant, but it has meant to the clinical improvement. Conversion analysis subgroup at 4 and 6 week, provide statistically significant results (in 4 week : placebo: 43%; bitter 65%, in 6 week : placebo : 61%; bitter 70%).Found also trend and the improvement of clinical symptom improvement compared to placebo thoracic photo even if it is not statistically significant. Andrographis paniculata enough promise as a complementary therapy in the treatment of TB along with OAT, but it still needs more study."

"Pengobatan diabetes seperti acarbose seringkali menimbulkan efek samping sehingga diperlukan pengembangan pengobatan diabetes dengan memanfaatkan bahan alam, seperti Abelmoschus esculentus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas enzim alfa amilase pada ekstrak buah okra. Buah okra diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana lalu dilakukan identifikasi senyawa kimia dengan metode GCMS kemudian dilakukan uji aktivitas inhibisi terhadap enzim alfa amilase secara in vitro. Hasil identifikasi senyawa kimia dari ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan heksana Abelmoschus esculentus menunjukkan bahwa n-Hexadecanoic acid merupakan senyawa yang memiliki kandungan tertinggi dengan persentase kandungan sebesar 18.16% untuk pelarut etanol, 19.26% untuk pelarut etil asetat, dan 14.72% untuk pelarut heksana. Nilai IC50 inhibisi alfa-amilase untuk ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, n-heksana secara berturut-turut yaitu 74.20 ± 4.62 μg/mL; 111.31 ± 3.55 μg/mL; 163.05 ± 21.27 μg/mL. Ekstrak Abelmoschus esculentus mengandung beberapa senyawa yang berpotensi menghambat aktivitas enzim alfa-amilase dan secara in vitro bisa menghambat aktivitas enzim alfa-amilase khususnya ekstrak etanol, tetapi aktivitas inhibisinya lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan acarbose.

---

Diabetes treatments such as metformin and acarbose have many side effects so it is necessary to develop diabetes treatment using natural ingredients, such as Abelmoschus esculentus. The aim of this research is to determine the activity of amylase enzyme in okra extract. Okra was extracted using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane then were identified the chemical compounds in Abelmoschus esculentus extract using GCMS. The extracts were also tested their in vitro inhibitory activity against alpha amylase enzyme. The results of chemical compounds from the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus showed that n-Hexadecanoic acid was the compound that had the highest content with a percentage of 18.16% for ethanol solvent, 19.26% for ethyl acetate solvent, and 14 ,72% for hexane solvent. The IC50 values of alpha-amylase inhibition for ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane extracts were 74.20 ± 4.62 μg/mL; 111.31 ± 3.55 μg/mL; 163.05 ± 21.27 μg/mL. Abelmoschus esculentus extract contains several compounds that have potential to inhibit alpha-amylase enzymes and it can also inhibit the activity of alpha-amylase enzyme especially ethanol extract, but the activity is significantly lower than acarbose."

"Background: Use of Andrographis paniculata and Syzigium polyanthum have been sed widely, on the contrary the benefit and safety have not been scientifically proven. This study aimed to overviwe and analyze benefit and safety the extract of Andrographis paniculata and Syzigium polyanthum mixture to decrease blood glucose concentration. Methods: It was an experiment study among intervension and control group by a block random sampling with pre-post tesy design. Data were collected by questionnres and also data among interbension group, therapy of conventional antidiabetic of metformin in combination to the herbal extract of Andrographis paniculata and Syzigium polyanthum mixture (1:1) with among control group, of methformin. A total samples of 30 diabetes Melitus respondents were selected among males or females, aged 40-60 years with blood glucose concetration of 140-220 mg/dl, has no history of hypertension or has mild hypertension. the samples were deviced in 2 group composed of 15 person among intervsion and 15 person amon control groups, repectively. the interversion gruop was given metformin 500 mg once a day in the morning taken 15 minutesafter breakfest in combination to the extract of Andrographis paniculata and Syzigium polyanthum mixture (1:1) of 700 mg. The contrl group was given metformin 500 mg once a day in the morning taken 15 minutes after breakfast in combination to placebo. The duration of therapy was 4 weeks. Data were taken by anamnesa, physical diagnose, laboratory examination of fasting blood glucose and Oral Glucosa tolerance test (OGTT) in every week. Meanwhile for examination side effect on liver and run function test in every 2 (two) week. The data were analyzed descriptively and test. Results: Results showed that the intervention grop given metformin in combination to the extract of Andrographis paniculata and Syzigium polyanthum mixture (1:1) of 700 mg could significantly decrease fasting blood glucose but could not significantly decreaseOGTT in comprasion to control group given metformin with placebo. There were no side effects on liver and kidney function test in the theraphy of herbal extract of Andrographis paniculata and Syzigium polyanthum mixture in duration of 4 week. It concluded that the herbal of Andrographis paniculata and Syzigium polyanthum mixture is safe. "

"ABSTRACTDalam perkembangan penelitian, diketahui enzim SIRT-1 berperan penting dalam metabolisme gula darah dalam tubuh manusia dan dapat dijadikan target terapi untuk T2DM. Antidiabetes diyakini merupakan aktivator dari enzim tersebut. Dengan diaktifkannya SIRT-1 pada daerah aktivator, SIRT-1 dapat menurunkan resistensi insulin dan kadar gula darah. Namun belum pernah dilakukan penelitian efek antidiabetes terhadap daerah katalitik SIRT-1. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat aktivitas dari senyawa antidiabetes golongan sulfonilurea, meglitinid, biguanid, thiazolidindion, dan alfa-glukosidase inhibitor terhadap enzim SIRT-1 kode PDB: 4I5I secara in silicodan in vitro. Penelitian secara in silicodilakukan menggunakan AutoDock, dan dilanjutkan secara in vitromenggunakan alat Glomax Discover, kit SIRT-GloTMAssay and Screening System, dan sampel senyawa antidiabetes metformin dan gliklazid. Hasil penambatan pada senyawa antidiabetes terhadap daerah katalitik enzim SIRT-1 memberikan energi ikatan yang baik; glimepiride dengan hasil tertinggi yaitu -9,05 kkal/mol dan acarbose sebesar -2,01 kkal/mol. Hasil pengujian secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa senyawa antidiabetes memiliki potensi aktivator dengan intensitas luminesens yang tinggi. Pada data di menit ke-30 dan ke-45, metformin memberikan EC50 sebesar 11,59 mM dan 25 mM; gliclazide, di sisi lain, memberikan EC50 yang lebih baik sebesar 6,609 mM dan 0,1008 mM. Data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa antidiabetes memiliki ikatan yang baik pada daerah katalitik, namun memiliki mekanisme yang lebih kuat sebagai aktivator enzim SIRT-1 terutama gliclazide.

---

ABSTRACTResearches throughout the years found that SIRT 1, a metabolism regulating enzyme, played a role in glucose metabolism and can be used as a targeted therapy for T2DM. Antidiabetic drugs are believed to be the activator of this enzyme. Activation of SIRT 1 can lower blood glucose and also improve insulin resistance. But research on the effect of antidiabetic drugs on the catalytic domain of SIRT 1 has never been done. This study aims to observe the activity of sulfonylurea, meglitinid, biguanid, thiazolidindion, and alpha glucosidase inhibitor antidiabetic drug classes against the SIRT 1 enzyme PDB code 4I5I through in silicoand in vitro. In silicostudy was conducted using AutoDock, and confirmed through in vitrousing Glomax Discover tool, SIRT GloTMAssay and Screening System kit, and metformin and gliclazide as samples of antidiabetic drugs.The result shows that the antidiabetic drugs has good binding energy towards the catalytic domain glimepiride has the smallest binding energy that is 9.05 kkal mol and acarbose with the biggest binding energy that is 2.01 kkal mol. In vitroresults show that the antidiabetic drugs have the activator potency with high luminescence intensity. Data shown in minute 30 and 45, the EC50 of metformin are 11.59 mM and 25mM gliclazide, on the other hand, has better EC50 which are 6.609 mM and 0.1008 mM. This results show that antidiabetic drugs have a promising binding energy in the catalytic domain, but have stronger mechanism as an activator towards SIRT 1 especially gliclazide."

"Enzim glucose oxidase (GOX) telah dikenal lama sebagai bahan baku biosensor glukosa. Enzim GOX mengkatalisis reaksi oksidasi dari β-D-glucose menjadi D-glucono-δ-lactone dan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) dengan menggunakan oksigen sebagai akseptor elektron. Klona gen GOX yang berasal dari Aspergillus niger di dalam vektor ekspresi Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1 pYES2/CT telah berhasil di dapatkan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekspresikan gen GOX rekombinan di dalam S. cerevisiae INVSc1. Plasmid rekombinan pYES2/CT yang mengandung gen GOX berhasil ditransformasi ke dalam S. cerevisiae INVSc1 menggunakan metode LiAc. Protein total diekstraksi menggunakan berbagai variasi metode. Metode vortex dengan penambahan glass beads sebagai teknik ekstraksi yang optimal. Protein rekombinan diinduksi dengan konsentrasi induser 2, 4 dan 8% galaktosa. Hasil induksi ekspresi protein tidak terlihat secara jelas, walaupun kemungkinan besar protein rekombinan GOX terdapat pada fase supernatan. Berdasarkan uji menggunakan glucose assay dan analisis biosensor glukosa, protein rekombinan GOX induksi dengan 8% galaktosa selama 48 jam mempunyai aktivitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan GOX komersial. Pada masa datang, perbaikan perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil ekspresi protein GOX rekombinan yang optimal.

---

Glucose oxidase (GOX) enzyme has been applied as a raw material glucose biosensor. GOX enzyme catalyses the oxidation of β-D-glucose into D-glucono-δ-lactone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using oxygen as an electron acceptor. Previously, GOX gene from Aspergillus niger was successfully cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector, pYES2/CT.

The purpose of this study was to express recombinant GOX gene in S. cerevisiae INVSc1. Recombinant plasmid pYES2/CT containing GOX gene was successfully transformed into S. cerevisiae INVSc1 using the LiAc method. Then the total proteins were extracted using various protocols with glass beads lyses method as the optimal extraction technique. The recombinant protein was induced by of 2, 4 and 8% galactose inducer.

However induced expression of this protein was not significantly observed, although it was shown that recombinant GOX protein was likely to be present in the supernatant phase. Based on glucose liquid assay and a preliminary glucose biosensor analysis, the recombinant GOX protein induced with 8% galactose for 48 hours had a higher activity than commercial GOX. In the future, further improvements need to be done to obtain optimal recombinant GOX protein expression."