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"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Penyakit refluks gastroesofagus PRGE pada remaja sulit didiagnosis, karena gejala klinis tidak spesifik dan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup. Gastroesofageal reflux disease questionnaire GERD-Q dan pediatric gastroesophageal symptom and quality of life questionnaire PGSQ telah divalidasi dan dikembangkan untuk mengidentifikasi PRGE dan kualitas hidup. Penggunaan GERD-Q dan PGSQ pada populasi remaja sebagian besar tidak diketahui.Tujuan: Untuk memperoleh prevalens dugaan PRGE pada remaja menggunakan GERD-Q dan penilaian kualitas hidup pada remaja yang memiliki GERD-Q positif skor ge; 7 dengan menggunakan PGSQ.Metode: Remaja usia 12-18 tahun di evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner GERD-Q. Remaja yang memiliki skor GERD-Q positif dievaluasi kualitas hidupnya menggunakan PGSQ. Analisis mengenai faktor risiko dugaan PRGE juga dilakukan.Hasil: Pada 520 subjek, rasio laki-laki dan perempuan 1:1,3 dan usia median 13 tahun. Prevalens dugaan PRGE pada remaja menggunakan kuesioner GERD-Q adalah 32,9 . Mengkonsumsi minuman soda memiliki risiko 1,7 kali mengalami dugaan PRGE Interval kepercayaan 95 1,3-2,2, ABSTRACT Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease in adolescent is difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific symptom and often lead to poor quality of life. Gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire GERD Q and pediatric gastroesophageal symptom and quality of life questionnaire PGSQ are validated questionnaire that was developed to help identify GERD patients and their quality of life respectively. The application of GERD Q and PGSQ in adolescent population is largely unknown.Aim To obtain suspected GERD prevalence in adolescent using GERD Q and quality of life score assessment in adolescent with GERD Q positive.Methods Adolescent age 12 18 years were evaluated using indonesian version of GERD Q. Adolescents with GERD Q positive were then evaluated their quality of life using Indonesian version of PGSQ. Suspected risk factors of having GERD, which would influence GERD Q result, were also analyzed.Result In 520 subjects, the male to female ratio was 1 1,3 and the median age was 13 years range 12 18 years . Prevalence of GERD in adolescent using GERD Q was 32,9 . Routine soda consumption was 1,7 times more likely to have GERD CI 95 1.3 2.2, p"

"LATAR BELAKANG: Prevalensi GERD di Indonesia semakin meningkat.GERD dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup penderitanya. Kuesioner GERD Qualityof Life GERD-QOL telah diuji keandalan dan kesahihannya di Cina. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk menterjemahkan kuesioner GERD-QOL ke dalam bahasaIndonesia dan menguji keandalan dan kesahihannya. METODE: Sebagai tahap awal, kuesioner GERD-QOL terlebih dahuluditerjemahkan dengan metode forward backward translation ke dalam bahasaIndonesia, dan dievaluasi oleh tim peneliti sehingga dihasilkan kuesioner GERDQOLversi bahasa Indonesia. Sembilan puluh satu orang pasien yang telahdidiagnosis GERD secara klinis sebelumnya berdasarkan kriteria Montreal,diwawancarai dengan menggunakan kuesioner GERD-QOL versi Indonesia dankuesioner SF-36. Keandalan dinilai melalui metode konsistensi internal dan tesulang dengan mewawancarai pasien pada hari pertama dan hari ke-14. Kesahihan dinilai menggunakan kesahihan konstruksi dan kesahihan eksternal melaluiperbandingan dengan SF-36. HASIL: GERD-QOL berbahasa Indonesia memiliki keandalan konsistensiinternal kuesioner yang baik Cronbach alpha: 0,687 ndash;0,842 dengan keandalantes ulang yang baik intra class correlation coefficient: 0,756-0,936, P

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BACKGROUND: GERD prevalence in Indonesia has been increasing. GERDcan affect quality of life. GERD Quality of Life GERD QOL questionnaire hasbeen translated and validated in China. This study is aimed to translate GERDQOLquestionnaire into Indonesian version and to assess its validity andreliability.

METHODS: GERD QOL is translated into bahasa Indonesia using forwardbackward translation and compared by experts to original version. Total of 91patients have been diagnosed clinically with GERD based on Montreal consensus,were recruited to complete the questionnaire and validated Indonesian SF 36.Reliability was conducted by using internal consistency and test retest methodwith 14 days interval. Validity was conducted by using construct validity andexternal validity with SF 36 comparison method.

RESULT Indonesian version of GERD QOL was internally reliable withCronbach Alpha 0.822 and had good test and retest reliability intra classcorrelation coefficient 0.756 0.936, P"

"Latar belakang. Refluks gastroesofagus (RGE) dengan gejala klinis regurgitasimerupakan manifestasi gastrointestinal yang sering dijumpai pada bayi. Penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa prevalens regurgitasi menurun setelah usia 6 bulan sedangkan gejalaklinis penyakit refluks gastroesofagus (PRGE) didapatkan pada anak di atas 1 tahun yangmemiliki riwayat regurgitasi sering pada usia di atas 6 bulan. Infant gastroesophagealreflux questionnaire (I-GERQ) merupakan sarana diagnosis PRGE yang tidak invasif danmemiliki nilai prediktif positif yang baik.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidens PRGE, karakteristik bayiyang mengalami regurgitasi, skor I-GERQ dan gejala yang berkaitan dengan PRGE,faktor-faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan gejala regurgitasi yang menetap hingga akhirpemantauan, dampak regurgitasi terhadap peningkatan berat badan dan pola makanMetode. Penelitian longitudinal prospektif pada subjek dengan regurgitasi minimal1x/hari setidak-tidaknya 4x/minggu. Kriteria eksklusi adalah bayi atopi, mengi berulang,dicurigai alergi susu sapi, kelainan neurologis, terdiagnosis tuberkulosis, riwayat operasisaluran cerna sebelumnya, pernah mencapat terapi antogonis reseptor H2 ataupenghambat pompa proton. Subjek sesuai PRGE jika skor I-GERQ >7, dan dirujuk keRumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pemantauan dilakukan setiap bulan pada subjekdengan I-GERQ ≤ 7, dengan menilai skor I-GERQ dan pengukuran antropometris.Hasil. Sebanyak 131 dari 352 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Subjek sebagianbesar berusia 6 bulan (51,1%), status antropometris sesuai (85,5%), dan mendapat asupandengan median frekuensi 14 (5-15) x/hari. Median skor I-GERQ saat awal pemantauanadalah 4 (3-7). Sebanyak 81,9% subjek mencapai skor I-GERQ nol saat akhirpemantauan. PRGE didapatkan pada 1 subjek saat pemantauan pertama dengan gejalaberat badan sulit naik, regurgitasi 3-5x/hari, volume regurgitasi >15 mL. Variabelpemberian ASI eksklusif, paparan rokok, keluarga dengan alergi, keluarga dengan RGE,dan terapi non-farmakologis tidak berkaitan dengan gejala regurgitasi yang menetaphingga akhir pemantauan. Gejala regurgitasi hingga akhir pemantauan didapatkan pada13,7% subjek yang mengikuti saran terapi non-farmakologis dibandingkan dengan 86,4%yang tidak mendapat dan tidak mengikuti edukasi (p = 0,14). Perbedaan rerata z-scoreberat badan berdasarkan usia pada subjek yang masih mengalami gejala regurgitasihingga akhir pemantauan adalah -0,006 ± 0,357 (IK 95% -0,164; 0,152), p = 0,939.Kesulitan makan didapatkan pada 19 subjek dan 17 diantaranya tidak lagi mengalamiregurgitasi saat akhir pemantauan.Simpulan. Insidens PRGE adalah 0,7%. Sebagian besar subjek mencapai skor I-GERQsaat akhir pemantauan. Terapi non-farmakologis walaupun tidak bermakna secarastatistik dengan gejala regurgitasi yang menetap hingga akhir pemantauan namundidapatkan perbedaan proporsi. Gangguan peningkatan berat badan dan kesulitan makantidak berhubungan dengan gejala regurgitasi yang menetap hingga akhir pemantauan.Kata kunci: bayi, refluks gastroesofagus, penyakit refluks gastroeosfagus, infantgastroesophageal reflux questionnaire

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Background. Regurgitation as symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common

gastrointestinal manifestation in infant. Publications showed that regurgitation will

decrease after 6 month old; whereas symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease

(GERD) is more prevalent in children with history of frequent regurgitation after 6 month

old. Infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire (I-GERQ) is a non-invasive diagnostic

tool for GERD with high positive predictive value.

Aim. To investigate the incidence of GERD, characteristics of infants with regurgitation,

I-GERQ score and manifestation of GERD, risk factors that related with regurgitation

symptom that persists at the end of follow-up, correlation of regurgitation with weight

gain and feeding problems.

Method. A Longitudinal prospective study in subjects with regurgitation at least 1

time/day; 4 times/week. We excluded infants with atopy, recurrent wheezing, probable

cow milk allergy, diagnosed as tuberculosis, neurologic disorder, history of

gastrointestinal surgery, history of H2 receptor antagonist or proton pump inhibitor

treatment. I-GERQ score and anthropometric status were measured at enrollment.

Subjects with GERD (I-GERQ >7) were referred to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Follow-up of I-GERQ, body weight, and body length in every month were performed in

subjects with I-GERQ ≤7.

Results. 131 of 352 subjects fulfilled the criteria. Subject mostly were 6 month old

(51.1%), normal anthropometric status (85.5%), and have frequent intake with median 14

(5 – 15) times/day. Median of I-GERQ at enrollment were 4 (3 – 7), and at the end of

follow-up 81.9% subjects reached I-GERQ score 0. GERD were found in 1 subject at first

month follow-up with poor weight gain, regurgitation 3-5 times/day, regurgitation>15

mL. Exclusively breastfeeding, smoke exposure, family history of allergy and GER, and

non-pharmacotherapy were not related with regurgitation that persists until 3 months

follow-up. Regurgitation at the end of follow-up were found in 13.7% subjects who

complied with non-pharmacotherapy; compared to 86.4% who have not complied nor had

educated (p = 0.14). Mean difference of weight for age z-score in subjects with

regurgitation at the end of follow-up were -0.006 ± 0.357 (95%CI -0.164; 0.152), p =

0.939. Feeding problems were found in 19 subjects while 17 of them no longer have

regurgitation symptom at the end of follow-up

Conclusion. Incidence of GERD is 0.7%. Most of subjects reached I-GERQ 0 at the end

of follow up. Non-pharmacotherapy showed no statistically significant with regurgitation

symptom at the end of follow up, but we found proportion difference. Weight gain and

feeding problems are not related with regurgitation symptom that persists at the end of

follow up"

"LATAR BELAKANG: Kualitas hidup telah menjadi salah satu komponen utama dalam penanganan Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease GERD . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesahihan eksternal kuesioner GERD-QOL berbahasa Indonesia.METODE:. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan subyek penelitiannya adalah pasien yang mengalami gejala GERD dan berusia 18 tahun atau lebih yang berobat ke Rumah Sakit Umum Kecamatan RSUK Tebet. Total skor GERD-Q minimal adalah 8. Pasien kemudian diminta mengisi kuesioner GERD-QOL berbahasa Indonesia dan kuesioner SF-36. Kuesioner Short Form SF-36 digunakan sebagai baku emas kuesioner penilaian kualitas hidup. Uji kesahihan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kesahihan eksternal. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah koefisien korelasi Spearman.HASIL: Penelitian ini melibatkan 91 subyek.Korelasi domain physical functioning : 0,488; role physical : 0,590; bodily pain : 0,474; general health : 0,482; vitality : 0,549; social functioning : 0,700; role emotional : 0,555; mental health : 0,373. Kuesioner GERD-QOL berbahasa Indonesia memiliki kesahihan eksternal yang baik ketika dilakukan korelasi dengan domain pada kuesioner SF-36 koefisien korelasi : 0,373-0,700, P

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Quality of life has become major concern in the management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease GERD . The aim of this study was to determine the external validity of the Indonesian Version of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Quality of Life GERD QOL questionnaire. METHODS This cross sectional study consisted of subjects who developed symptoms of GERD and aged 18 years or more. The subjects were recruited from district public hospital in Tebet. Total score for GERD Q was at least 8. These patients were invited to complete the Indonesian version of GERD QOL and validated Indonesian Short Form 36 SF 36 . External validity was then evaluated using Spearman rsquo s correlation coefficient.RESULT A total of 91 subjects completed the questionnaires. The coeeficient correlation of domain physical functioning 0,488 role physical 0,590 bodily pain 0,474 general health 0,482 vitality 0,549 social functioning 0,700 role emotional 0,555 mental health 0,373. The Indonesian version of GERD QOL questionnaire was externally valid compared to domain of SF 36 questionnaire correlation coefficient 0.373 0.700, P"

"Penyakit refluks gastroesofagus (GERD) merupakan kondisi kronik yang terjadi akibat asam lambung naik ke esofagus. COVID-19 dapat memperburuk gejala GERD dan berdampak pada fungsi pernapasan. Latihan diafragma mampu memperbaiki gejala GERD, namun efektivitasnya pada orang dewasa dengan GERD pasca COVID-19 belum pernah diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas latihan diafragma modifikasi terhadap gejala GERD, tekanan inspirasi maksimal (TIM), ekskursi diafragma, dan fungsi paru. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal pada bulan September 2022 sampai April 2023 di Rumah Sakit Persahabatan. Dari data rekam medis terdapat 364 pasien yang mengalami gejala gastrointestinal persisten. Dari data pasien tersebut, 302 pasien mengalami gejala sebelum COVID-19 dan 62 pasien setelah COVID19. Sebanyak 55 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan lolos kriteria eksklusi. Selanjutnya dialokasikan secara random pada kelompok uji (n = 25) dan kontrol (n = 25), dan 5 pasien menjalani penelitian pendahuluan. Latihan diafragma selama empat minggu terdiri atas latihan diafragma modifikasi atau latihan diafragma standar. Evaluasi dilakukan 30 hari setelah latihan pertama. Dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, kelompok uji menunjukkan peningkatan bermakna pada tekanan inspirasi maksimal (TIM; 42,68 cmH2O ± 16,46 vs. 55,40 cmH2O ± 20,33 dan 74,80 cmH2O ± 20,33 vs. 68,68 cmH2O ± 21,25), ekskursi diafragma kanan (4,75 cm ± 0,98 vs. 4,97 cm ± 0,93 dan 6,84 cm ± 0,92 vs. 5,57 cm ± 0,95), dan ekskursi diafragma kiri (4,42 cm ± 0,86 vs. 4,70 cm ± 0,85 dan 6,48 cm ± 0,78 vs. 5,33 cm ± 0,90). Selain itu, baik kelompok uji sebelum-dan-sesudah maupun kelompok kontrol mengalami penurunan bermakna pada skor GERDQ (10,44 ± 2,00 vs. 1,84 ± 2,17 dan 8,64 ± 0,57 vs. 3,32 ± 1,49), dengan nilai p < 0,001. Latihan diafragma meningkatkan nilai kapasitas vital paksa (KVP), tidak meningkatkan nilai volume ekspirasi paksa detik pertama (VEP1) maupun rasio antara volume ekspirasi paksa detik pertama dan kapasitas vital paksa (VEP1/KVP), tidak bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,05). Latihan diafragma modifikasi pada orang dewasa setelah COVID-19 dengan GERD meningkatkan TIM dan ekskursi diafragma, serta mengurangi gejala refluks gastroesofageal yang terlihat dari perbaikan skor GERDQ.

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic condition characterized by stomach acid reflux into the esophagus. COVID-19 may worsen GERD symptoms and impact respiratory function. Diaphragmatic training has demonstrated potential effectiveness in managing GERD symptoms, but its effectiveness in adults with GERD after COVID-19 is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of modified diaphragmatic training (MDT) on GERD symptoms, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), diaphragmatic excursion, and lung function in this population. This single-blinded randomized control trial was conducted from September 2022 to April 2023 at Persahabatan Hospital. The research team evaluated the medical records of 364 patients presenting persistent gastrointestinal symptoms; among these potential participants, 302 reported symptoms before COVID-19 infection, while 62 developed symptoms after being infected with COVID-19. After applying the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 55 patients were selected and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 25) or the control group (n = 25), and 5 patients were enrolled in the preliminary research. The intervention phase consisted of four weeks of diaphragmatic training, wherein participants received either modified diaphragmatic training (MDT) or standard diaphragmatic training. Following the training period, a follow-up assessment was conducted 30 days from the initiation of the intervention. In comparison to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP; 42,68 cmH2O ± 16,46 vs. 55,40 cmH2O ± 20,33 and 74,80 cmH2O ± 20,33 vs. 68,68 cmH2O ± 21,25), right diaphragmatic excursion (RDE; 4,75 cm ± 0,98 vs. 4,97 cm ± 0,93 and 6,84 cm ± 0,92 vs. 5,57 cm ± 0,95), and left diaphragmatic excursion (LDE; 4,42 cm ± 0,86 vs. 4,70 cm ± 0,85 and 6,48 cm ± 0,78 vs. 5,33 cm ± 0,90). Additionally, both the pre–post-intervention group and the control group exhibited significant reductions in GERDQ scores (10.44 ± 2.00 vs. 1.84 ± 2.17 and 8.64 ± 0.57 vs. 3.32 ± 1.49, respectively), with a p-value < 0.001. Diaphragmatic training resulted in increased forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), these differences were not statistically significant in both groups (p > 0,05). MDT in adults post-COVID-19 with GERD enhanced MIP and diaphragmatic excursion, along with a reduction in symptoms of GERD as evidenced by improvements in GERDQ scores."

"Latar belakang: Pada saat puasa Ramadhan, terjadi penurunan rerata pH lambung dan memendeknya selisih waktu antara makan terakhir dan jam tidur sehingga memperberat keluhan Penyakit Refluks Gastroesofageal (Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease, disingkat GERD). Sementara itu juga terjadi keteraturan jadwal makan, dan perubahan dalam kebiasaan merokok dan alkohol. Meski demikian, belum diketahui dengan pasti keluhan penyakit GERD selama berpuasa Ramadhan.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh puasa Ramadhan terhadap keluhan GERD.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi longitudinal yang mengevaluasi keluhan GERD pada pasien yang menjalani puasa Ramadhan. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Juli (Ramadhan) sampai bulan Oktober (tiga bulan setelah Ramadhan) 2015. Subjek penelitian yang didapatkan melalui metode consecutive sampling ini dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok berpuasa Ramadhan (n=66) dan kelompok tidak berpuasa Ramadhan (n=64). Evaluasi dilakukan antara kedua kelompok tesebut, dan antara bulan Ramadhan dengan di luar bulan Ramadhan pada kelompok berpuasa, dengan menggunakan kuesioner GERD (GERD-Q) yang telah diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia.Hasil: Pada kelompok yang berpuasa Ramadhan, terdapat perbedaan median nilai GERD-Q yang bermakna secara statistik (nilai p < 0,01) antara bulan Ramadhan dengan nilai median 0, dan di luar bulan Ramadhan dengan nilai median yang meningkat menjadi 4. Sementara itu, bila dilakukan analisis untuk membandingkan median nilai GERD-Q antara kelompok yang berpuasa Ramadhan dan tidak, juga didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (nilai p < 0,01).Simpulan: Pada subjek yang menjalani puasa Ramadhan, keluhan GERD dirasakan lebih ringan saat menjalani puasa Ramadhan dibandingkan di luar bulan Ramadhan. Di bulan Ramadhan, keluhan GERD lebih ringan dirasakan oleh subjek yang menjalani puasa Ramadhan dibandingkan subjek yang tidak menjalani puasa Ramadhan.

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Background: During Ramadan fasting, increasing gastric acid levels as a result of prolong fasting can precipitate symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Meanwhile, lifestyle changes during Ramadan (such as smoking cessation) can relieve its symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate effect of Ramadan fasting on GERD.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on GERD symptoms.

Method: This is a longitudinal study done in July (Ramadan) to October (three months after Ramadan) 2015. Using consecutive sampling method, a total of 130 GERD patients participated in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who underwent Ramadan fasting (n=66), and patients who didn?t undergo fasting (n=64). The evaluation was done using Indonesian version of GERD questionnaire (GERD-Q) between the two groups, and between Ramadan month and non-Ramadan month of Ramadan fasting group.

Results: In Ramadan fasting group, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) in median of GERD-Q during Ramadan month and non-Ramadan month (median GERD-Q 0 and 4 respectively). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was also found between Ramadan fasting group and non-fasting group.

Conclusion: In Ramadan fasting group, GERD symptoms were lighter during fasting month (Ramadan). During Ramadan month, GERD symptoms were also lighter in Ramadan fasting group than in non-fasting group."

"Lingkungan perkuliahan yang memiliki berbagai tuntutan berdampak terhadap kualitas tidur mahasiswa dalam menghadapi tuntutan akademis. Berbagai negara telah merekam prevalensi kualitas tidur yang buruk pada mahasiswa di seluruh dunia. Beberapa penelitian telah menemukan bahwa stres akademik memiliki dampak negatif terhadap kualitas tidur. Tidak hanya kualitas tidur, jalur pencernaan dapat terdampak oleh stress akademik. Penyakit refluks gastroesofageal (GERD) ditemukan dapat memperburuk kualitas tidur. Selain itu, GERD dapat terdampak oleh stres sehingga gejala memburuk. Ditambah lagi, prevalensi GERD di Indonesia kian meningkat dari 14% hingga 24% dalam rentang waktu 3 tahun. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran GERD sebagai mediator antara stres akademik dan kualitas tidur. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis mediasi PROCESS Model 4. Jumlah partisipan keseluruhan adalah 201 mahasiswa perguruan tinggi di Indonesia (75,62% perempuan) dengan rentang usia 18-25 tahun. Ketiga variabel diukur menggunakan Perceived Academic Stress Scale (stres akademik), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (kualitas tidur), dan GERD Questionnaire (GERD). Hasil analisis mediasi menunjukkan bahwa stress akademik memprediksi kualitas tidur secara signifikan tanpa perantara GERD sebagai mediator (β = 0,033, SE = 0,033, CI [LLCI = -0,0011 – ULCI = 0,0116]). Maka, dibutuhkan variabel lain sebagai mediator terhadap hubungan stres akademik terhadap kualitas tidur.

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The student environment, with its various demands, impacts sleep quality as an effort to deal with academic demands. Various countries have recorded the prevalence of poor sleep quality among students worldwide. Several studies have found that academic stress negatively affects sleep quality. Not only does it impact sleep quality, but the digestive tract can also be affected by academic stress. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been found to worsen sleep quality. Moreover, GERD can be exacerbated by stress, making its symptoms worse. Additionally, the prevalence of GERD in Indonesia has increased from 14% to 24% over a span of 3 years. Thus, this research aims to examine the role of GERD as a mediator between academic stress and sleep quality. This research uses a quantitative research type with the mediation analysis technique PROCESS Model 4. The total number of participants is 201 university students in Indonesia (75,62% women) with an age range of 18-25 years. The three variables were measured using the Perceived Academic Stress Scale (academic stress), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (sleep quality), and the GERD Questionnaire (GERD). The mediation analysis results show that academic stress significantly predicted sleep quality without GERD as a mediator (β = 0,033, SE = 0,033, CI [LLCI = -0,0011 – ULCI = 0,0116]). Therefore, another mediator variable is needed in the relationship between academic stress and quality of sleep."

"Tuntutan akademik seringkali membuat mahasiswa mengalami stres. Diyakini bahwa salah satu dampak dari stres akademik adalah GERD, sementara strategi koping merupakan cara mahasiswa mengatasi stres tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh stres akademik terhadap Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) dengan strategi koping sebagai moderator pada mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Partisipan yang terkumpul mencapai 202, namun yang dapat diolah hanya 183 partisipan. Data dianalisis dengan PROCESS Hayes. Hasil penelitian (p = 0.004) menunjukkan bahwa emotion-focused coping memoderasi pengaruh stres akademik terhadap GERD. Sementara itu, kedua jenis strategi koping lainnya tidak menunjukkan interaksi yang signifikan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi untuk memahami penggunaan strategi koping yang efektif untuk meregulasi stres akademik, sehingga juga memperlemah pengaruhnya terhadap GERD. Saran untuk penelitian lanjutan adalah penggunaan teknik sampling yang lebih terkontrol, sehingga partisipan bisa lebih representatif.

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Academic demands often cause students to experience stress. It is believed that one of the impacts of academic stress is GERD, while coping strategies are the way students deal with that stress. This study aims to analyze the effect of academic stress on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) with coping strategies as a moderator among students. The method used is a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires. The collected participants reached 202, but only 183 participants could be processed. The data were analyzed using PROCESS Hayes. The results of the study (p = 0.004) showed that emotion-focused coping moderates the effect of academic stress on GERD. Meanwhile, the other two types of coping strategies did not show significant interactions. This study contributes to understanding the effective use of coping strategies to regulate academic stress, thereby weakening its impact on GERD. Suggestions for further research include using more controlled sampling techniques so that participants can be more representative."

"Latar belakang: Prevalensi penyakit refluks gastroesofageal (PRGE) cenderung mengalami peningkatan di Indonesia. Kondisi PRGE dapat menimbulkan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak. Namun, untuk menentukan diagnosis PRGE masih sulit dilakukan karena gejala yang ditimbulkan tidak spesifik, alat diagnostik yang hanya tersedia di rumah sakit besar dan data epidemiologi di Indonesia masih kurang.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran patologi anatomi anak dengan PRGE yang dilakukan pemeriksaan endoskopi saluran cerna atas di Departemen IKA RSCM-FKUI, serta hubungannya dengan kelompok usia dan status gizi.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan subjek 76 pasien anak usia 2-18 tahun dengan PRGE yang dilakukan pemeriksaan esofagogastroduodenoskopi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengambilan data status rekam medis pasien di Departemen IKA RSCM-FKUI pada Januari 2011 hingga Oktober 2015.Hasil: Pada 76 pasien anak dengan PRGE yang dilakukan endoskopi didapatkan hasil anak lelaki dibandingkan perempuan adalah 4,1:3,5 dengan mayoritas kelompok usia sekolah (70%) dan status gizi malnutrisi (60%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil endoskopi berdasarkan kelompok usia yaitu ditemukannya infeksi H.Pylori pada 24% anak usia sekolah (p=0,013). Hasil endoskopi terkait status gizi secara bermakna (p=0,049) menunjukkan bahwa hiperemis pada lambung lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien dengan status gizi malnutrisi (45/72 anak) dibandingkan dengan gizi baik (24/72 anak). Kelainan patologi anatomi anak dengan PRGE tidak berbeda antara kelompok usia maupun status gizi.Kesimpulan: Anak yang mengalami PRGE lebih banyak terjadi pada usia sekolah dengan status gizi malnutrisi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil endoskopi anak dengan PRGE berdasarkan kelompok usia dan status gizi. Kelainan patologi anak dengan PRGE tidak berbeda menurut kelompok usia maupun status gizi.

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Background: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has increased recently in Indonesia. The condition of GERD can impaired growth and development in children. However, to determine diagnosis of GERD is difficult because the symptoms are non-spesific, diagnostic tools are only available in large hospitals, and epidemiological data Indonesia still less.

Aim: To evaluate the anatomical pathology of GERD in children and the correlation according to age group and nutritional status.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comparing GERD anatomic pathology findings and its relation to age group and nutritional status. The data were evaluated from 76 subjects aged 2-to-18-years old who underwent esophagogastroduodenos-copy (EGD) that fullfiled inclusion criteria. The data based on the medical record of endoscopic procedure at Child Health Department of Cipto Mangun-kusumo Hospital – Faculty of Medicine of Universitas Indonesia (RSCM-FKUI) from January 2011 to October 2015.

Results: Among 76 children with GERD whom underwent EGD, the boy compare to girl was 4.1:3.5 and most of them (70%) were school-aged chidren with malnutrition (60%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 24% and it was significantly higher in school-aged group than under-five group (p=0,013). The macroscopic appearance of endoscopy in relation to nutritional status was significantly (p=0.049) more hyperemic stomach wall in malnutrition group (45/72 children) compare to that of good nutritional status group (24/72 children). The abnormality of upper gastrointestinal pathology was not statistically different (p>0.05) in both aged groups and nutritional status groups.

Conclusion: Children suffered from GERD were more often at school age and had malnutrition condition. There were significant different of endoscopic findings of children with GERD in regards to age groups and nutritional status groups. The abnormality of pathologic findings of GERD in children were not significantly different between age-groups and nutritional status groups."

"Even though there are still no epidemiological data on the prevalence of Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Indonesia, data from The Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital demonstrate signs of esophagitis in 22.8% of all patients with dyspepsia who underwent endoscopic examination. Western countries report a higher rate of GERD than Asian and African countries, possibly due to dietary factors and increased obesity. Besides adequate history and physical examination, there are many other supporting examinations that could be performed to establish the diagnosis of GERD, especiaily endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Even though this condition is rarely fatal, GERD patients should still receive adequate management. Most patients demonstrate a satisfactory response towards therapy which inciudes Iife-style modification as well as medication. Currently the drugs of choice for GERD are proton-pump inhibitors. A combination of proton-pump inhibitors and prokinetics produces a better effect. Patients resistant to medical treatment or those with recurrent esophageal stricture should be considered for anti-reflux surgery."