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"ABSTRAKDibalik banyaknya kajian displin ilmu Hubungan Internasional yang meneliti tentang respon negara dalam menanggapi kejahatan transnasional, masih cukup sedikit kajian yang berfokus pada respon negara dalam menghadapi cybercrime. Hal ini dikarenakan, kasus-kasus cybercrime hanya dianggap sebagai sebuah kasus dalam ranah teknologi saja. Situasi ini menarik perhatian penulis untuk membuat penelitian dengan menganalisis bagaimana upaya kerjasama ASEAN dalam menanggulangi kejahatan yang terjadi di ruang cyber cybercrime . Dalam penelitian ini digambarkan bahwa kasus cybercrime dapat memberikan implikasi terhadap hubungan antar negara, karena sifat kejahatan tersebut yang borderless lintas batas negara dan karakter ancaman yang dikategorikan sebagai keamanan non tradisional. Dengan menggunakan konsep kerjasama internasional yang dikemukakan oleh Robert Keohane dan Joseph Nye serta metode pengolahan data secara kualitatif terhadap gejala-gejala latar belakang sosial yang muncul pada kasus cybercrime, tulisan ini hendak menggambarkan tujuan dari dilakukannya suatu kerjasama internasional oleh negara-negara anggota ASEAN dalam penanggulangan cybercrime. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan fakta bahwa upaya ASEAN untuk menanggulangi cybercrime telah dituangkan dalam deklarasi ASEAN yaitu The 3rd Joint Communiqu AMMTC pada 11 Oktober 2004 di Singapura. Selain itu, para pemimpin ASEAN memandang bahwa cybercrime merupakan ancaman besar bagi stabilitas keamanan kawasan, serta ekonomi dan politik. Komponen kerjasama keamanan ASEAN telah dikokohkan dalam ASEAN Regional Forum ARF . Namun kerjasama ARF tersebut dinilai belum efektif karena adanya kelemahan-kelemahan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan sehingga belum mampu mengatasi perbedaan pendapat yang cukup mendasar dalam merumuskan strategi yang diperlukan khususnya untuk memerangi cybercrime. Walaupun masih terdapat kelemahan dalam penanggulangan cybercrime di ASEAN, namun kondisi tersebut dapat diminimalir dengan adanya kerjasama seperti pertukaran informasi intelijen terhadap pelaku potensial cyber melalui sistem electronic-ASEANAPOL Database System e-ADS , harmonisasi hukum yang mengatur keamanan di ruang cyber,serta pelatihan bersama para penyidik dan penegak hukum dalam hal investigasi dan penyidikan digital forensik.

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ABSTRACTDespite the vast research of International Relations disciplines that examines the state s response toward transnational crime, it is still quite a bit of study which focuses on the state s response face to cybercrime. This is because, many researches study cybercrime cases from the point of view of technology. This condition attracted the attention of writers to make a research by analyzing how the efforts made by ASEAN cooperation to combat crimes in the cyber space cybercrime . This research describes that cybercrime cases may have implications to influence a relation between nation states, due to the fact that cybercrime has borderless nature and the character of the threat which is categorized as a non traditional security. Therefore, by using the concept of international cooperation by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye and conducting a qualitative data processing methods for symptoms of social background that appears in cybercrime cases, this research aims to describe the purpose of the international cooperation performed by ASEAN member countries in combating cybercrime. The result of this study found that ASEAN s efforts to combat cybercrime has been validated by a declaration in the 3rd ASEAN joint communiqu AMMTC on October 11th, 2004 in Singapore. In addition, ASEAN leaders consider cybercrime as major threat to the regional security and stability, as well as economic and political. ASEAN security cooperation has been affirmed in the ASEAN Regional Forum ARF . However, the ARF cooperation is considered ineffective because it still shows a weakness in the decision making process that has not been able to overcome disagreements which are fairly fundamental in formulating the strategies needed to combat cybercrime. Although, there are still weaknesses in the ASEAN cooperation to combat cybercrime, but, such condition can be mitigated by a cooperation such as the exchange of intelligence information on potential cyber offenders through an integrated system named electronic ASEANAPOL Database System e ADS , the harmonization of law governing security in cyber space, as well as the integrated activity of people capacity building for investigators and law enforcement in terms of investigations and digital forensic investigation."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi informasi yang sangat pesat telah menciptakan peluangbaru bagi para teroris untuk menebarkan teror di cyberspace. Selain teror dicyberspace, teknologi informasi juga memberi peluang akan tehnik-tehnik baruterorisme di dunia nyata. Disisi lain, hukum melalui kebijakan kriminal sebagaiusaha rasional untuk menanggulangi kejahatan, dituntut untuk selalu responsifdalam mengantisipasi kejahatan-kejahatan baru yang salah satunya adalahcyberterrorism.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif,dengan tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kebijakan kriminal, yurisdiksi dankebijakan hukum pidana di masa datang dalam cyberterrorism di Indonesia.Darihasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kebijakan kriminal terkait dengancyberterrorism menggunakan pendekatan penal dan non penal. Denganpendekatan penal meskipun secara spesifik aturan mengenai cyberterrorismbelum ada, pendekatannya bisa menggunakan aturan-aturan dalam KUHPmaupun di luar KUHP, dimana dalam putusan-putusan pengadilan terhadapkasus-kasus cyberterrorism menggunakan aturan-aturan terkait dengan tindakpidana terorisme.Sedangkan pendekatan non penal menggunakan pendekatanbudaya berupa kampanye internet sehat. Pengaturan mengenai cyberterrorism didalam hukum pidana Indonesia yang akan datang belum diatur secara spesifik.Yurisdiksi dalam kasus cyberterrorism dilakukan berdasarkan aturan yangtercantum di dalam KUHP dan di luar KUHP.Diharapkan adanya revisi terhadapUndang-Undang Nomor.1 Prp Tahun 2002 Tentang Pemberantasan TindakPidana Terorisme, dengan mencantumkan aturan kriminalisasi serangan terhadapsistem komputer atau jaringannya atau informasi yang terkandung didalamnyaserta publikasi dan propaganda termasuk penyebaran rasa kebencian,penghasutan, pemuliaan atau pemujaan terhadap terorisme, penyebaran ideologiterorisme. Perlu ditingkatkannya kerjasama internasional, peran pemerintah untukmendorong penggunaan internet sehat, dan peningkatan kemampuan aparatdalam penanganan cyberterrorism.

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ABSTRACTThe rapid development of information technology has created new opportunitiesfor terrorists to spread terror in cyberspace. Besides terror in cyberspace,information technology will also provide opportunities new techniques ofterrorism in the real world. On the other side , the law through criminal policy asa rational attempt to solve crimes, are required to always responsive inanticipation of new crimes, one of which is cyberterrorism. This research usesnormative legal research methods, in order to determine the criminal policyresearch, the future criminal policy and law jurisdiction of cyberterrorism inIndonesia. From the results of the study found that the criminal policies related tocyberterrorism using penal and non-penal approach. With the approach of specificpenal although there are no rules about cyberterrorism, the approach could use therules in the Criminal Code as well as outside the Criminal Code, where the courtdecisions on cases of cyberterrorism using the rules associated with criminal actsof terrorism. While the non-penal approach using a cultural approach healthyinternet campaign. The regulation of cyberterrorism in the Indonesian criminalcode which would come not specifically regulated. Jurisdiction in the case ofcyberterrorism is based on the rules listed in the Criminal Code and the outside ofthe Criminal Code. Expected that the revision of the Act of 2002 Nomor.1 PrpAbout Anti-Terrorism, by stating the rules criminalizing attacks against computersystems or networks or the information contained and also including publicationsand propaganda spread hatred, incitement, glorification or worship of terrorism"

"Digital technology has transformed the way in which we socialise and do business. Proving the maxim that crime follows opportunity, virtually every advance has been accompanied by a corresponding niche to be exploited for criminal purposes; so-called 'cybercrimes'. Whether it be fraud, child pornography, stalking, criminal copyright infringement or attacks on computers themselves, criminals will find ways to exploit new technology. The challenge for all countries is to ensure their criminal laws keep pace. The challenge is a global one, and much can be learned from the experience of other jurisdictions. Focusing on Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal principles that apply to the prosecution of cybercrimes. This new edition has been fully revised to take into account changes in online offending, as well as new case law and legislation in this rapidly developing area of the law."

"Kejahatan di dunia maya, sudah berkembang pesat dan membahayakan. Kejahatan tersebut muncul karena penyalahgunaan teknologi Internet atau jaringan komputer, seperti menyebar virus yang merusak akses informasi, membajak atau mencuri informasi, mengubah informasi secara ilegal, hingga memata-matai akses informasi. Salah satu kejadian yang terkait dengan terjadinya cybercrime diantaranya perentasan situs TNI AD pada Rabu, 15 Oktober 2013 melalui situs www.pusdikkav.mil.id yang merupakan situs Pusat Pendidikan Kavaleri TNI AD. Kasus tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dalam kerangka pertahanan di bidang siber, Indonesia masih belum optimal. Program pendidikan dan pelatihan cyberdefence diperlukan guna meningkatkan kompetensi sumber daya manusia SDM . Perlunya pemahaman langkah-langkah preventif dalam menangkal segala ancaman siber dengan membangun pertahanan siber yang kuat. Pengembangan kapasitas SDM dalam penangganan cyber-security, di tubuh TNI AD yaitu melakukan kerjasama dengan perguruan tinggi yang memiliki kemampuan di bidang Informasi Teknologi dan komunikasi seperti kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh TNI AD dengan Institut Teknologi Del IT Del , Sumatera Utara. Kerjasama ini berlangsung dalam tiga program, antara lain: penyiapan model perang cyber/cybercamp, seminar military cyber intelligence and cyber operation, serta pekan/lomba cyber. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berupaya menganalisis sistem pertahanan siber TNI AD saat ini dan program kerjasama antara TNI AD dengan IT Del untuk meningkatkan kualitas SDM personil Disinfolahtad dalam rangka menghadapi ancaman cybersecurity sehingga dapat mendukung pertahanan negara.

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Cybercrime grows rapidly and endangering in nature. This type of crime emerges due to malpractices of Internet technology or Computer Networks, such as computer virus contagion that destroys information access, information stealing and hacking, illegal information alteration, to information espionage. A cybercrime related incident occured on Wednesday, 15 October 2013, where the Indonesian Army 39 s Cavalry Education Centre website www.pusdikkav.mil.id was hacked. The incident shows lack of optimalization in Indonesia 39 s cyber defense framework. Cyber defense education and training programs are needed to increase the human resources competences. It requires comprehension on preventive ways as defenses from cyber threats by establishing a strong cyber protection. In the Indonesian Army, the human resources capacity building in cyber security is conducted through cooperation with higher education institution with capablilities in Technology and Information field, and communications such as cooperation between Indonesian Army Forces and Technology Institute of Del IT Del , North Sumatra. This cooperation run through three distinct programs such as cyber warfare modelling cybercamp , military cyber intelligence and cyber defense seminar, and cyberweek. This research utilizes qualitative approach, and determined to analyze current Indonesian Army cyber defense system and the cooperation with IT Del to increase human resources quality of Disinfolahtad personnel, in order to anticipate cyber security threats for national defense."

"We live in a digital age. The proliferation of digital technology, and the convergence of computing and communication devices, has transformed the way in which we socialise and do business. While overwhelmingly positive, there has also been a dark side to these developments. Proving the maxim that crime follows opportunity, virtually every advance has been accompanied by a corresponding niche to be exploited for criminal purposes; so-called 'cybercrimes'. Whether it be fraud, child pornography, stalking, criminal copyright infringement or attacks on computers themselves, criminals will find ways to exploit new technology. The challenge for all countries is to ensure their criminal laws keep pace. The challenge is a global one, and much can be learned from the experience of other jurisdictions. Focusing on Australia, Canada, the UK and the US, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal principles that apply to the prosecution of cybercrimes."

"ABSTRAKKeamanan siber merupakan isu yang relatif masih baru dalam Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, dan pembahasannya sedang ramai dikembangkan baik oleh akademisi maupun praktisi. Dalam ranah akademik, belum banyak kajian yang meninjau isu ini dalam tataran strategis. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana negara-negara membentuk strategi keamanan sibernya. Tulisan ini akan meninjau hal tersebut melalui kategorisasi manifestasi strategi keamanan siber sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh para akademisi dalam literatur tentang keamanan siber. Dengan demikian, tulisan ini akan mengelompokkan negara-negara berdasarkan persepsi aktor ancamannya serta berdasarkan bentuk strategi yang dilakukan. Tulisan ini menemukan dua kesimpulan utama. Pertama, perlindungan infrastruktur merupakan hal utama dari tanggapan negara terhadap keamanan siber secara keseluruhan. Kedua, pembentukan persepsi ancaman siber dan strategi untuk menanggapinya masih cenderung bersifat tradisional.

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ABSTRACTCybersecurity is a relatively new issue in International Relations, and the discussion is currently being developed by both scholars and practitioners. There are still limited numbers of study that talk about this issue at the strategic level in the academic fashion. This literature review aims to see how states form their cybersecurity strategies. This paper will observe this through the categorization of cybersecurity strategy manifestations as explained by scholars in literature about cybersecurity. Therefore, this paper will group states based on their perceptions regarding actors that pose cyber threats and the forms of strategy that they perform to respond. This paper finds two main conclusions. First, the protection of infrastructure is the most prominent issue in states rsquo response towards cybersecurity. Second, the determination of threat perceptions and forms of strategy to respond cybersecurity still tend to be traditional. "

"Tempat terjadinya suatu tindak pidana (locus delicti) merupakan unsur yang penting dalam pemeriksaan sidang pengadilan pidana. Berdasarkan KUHAP, jika suatu dakwaan tidak dilengkapi dengan locus delicti yang tepat, maka pihak terdakwa dapat mengajukan eksepsi. Ternyata untuk menentukan suatu locus delicti, aparat penegak hukum seringkali mengalami kesulitan. Kesulitan serupa juga bisa terjadi pada penanganan kasus-kasus cybercrime, karena cybercrime memiliki sifat transborder. Kompleksitas penentuan locus delicti dalam kasus cybercrime, bisa menimbulkan sengketa kewenangan mengadili yang berkaitan dengan kompetensi relatif. Sebagai suatu dampak perkembangan teknologi informasi, cybercrime merupakan fenomena yang relatif baru sehingga peristiwa hukum yang terjadi dalam cyberspace membutuhkan peraturan perundangundangan yang dapat mengakomodasi keunikan di dalamnya. Satu-satunya instrumen internasional yang bisa dijadikan pedoman dalam menangani cybercrime adalah Convention on Cybercrime 2001. Namun sayangnya, konvensi ini belum bisa dijadikan pedoman secara tegas dalam menentukan locus delicti suatu cybercrime. Dari sisi penentuan locus delicti, konvensi ini masih berpotensi menimbulkan sengketa yurisdiksi. Sementara itu, kriminalisasi yang dirumuskan dalam Convention on Cybercrime 2001, masih tersebar dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia. Tulisan ini membahas penentuan locus delicti yang dapat digunakan sebagai patokan untuk menentukan yurisdiksi suatu cybercrime.

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Locus delicti is an important element on investigation of criminal cases. According to KUHAP, if there is no precise locus delicti within an accusation then defendant could bring exception to trial. In fact it is not too easy to determine the locus delicti for law enforcers. The difficulties are also happen to cybercrime cases, because cybercrime has transborder character. Complexity to determine locus delicti on cybercrime cases, have made an issue of relative competency conflict. Cybercrime has new phenomenon as emerging of information technology, so every single incident that happen on cyberspace need regulation that can accommodate its unique. The only international instrument that can put cybercrime in order is Convention On Cybercrime 2001. But unfortunately, this convention is not strictly detail straighten up how to determine cybercrime locus delicti. The convention still potentially raised jurisdiction conflict. While, criminalization within Convention On Cybercrime 2001 still spread on some Indonesia’s regulations. The thesis will cover determination of locus delicti on cybercrime cases."

"Berdasarkan laporan hasil monitoring Pusopskamsinas BSSN pada tahun 2020, Indonesia menempati posisi ketiga sebagai negara yang melakukan serangan tertinggi di dunia dan menempati posisi pertama sebagai negara yang menjadi tujuan sasaran kejahatan siber dari Indonesia. Dalam upaya membantu pemerintah dalam analisis mitigasi kejahatan siber, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat pengangguran dan faktor sosial ekonomi lain terhadap kasus kejahatan siber berdasarkan wilayah-wilayah di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR) dengan Within Transformation untuk tahun 2017-2020. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang beragam mengenai pengaruh terhadap kejahatan siber pada masing-masing wilayah. Hasil menunjukkan karakteristik wilayah dengan kondisi ekonomi rendah signifikan mempengaruhi kejahatan siber dan cenderung bertindak sebagai pelaku. Analisis lebih jauh diperlukan untuk mendapatkan hasil analisis yang lebih komprehensif.

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Based on the monitoring reports of BSSN’s Pusopskamsinas in 2020, Indonesia is in the third position as the country with the highest number of crimes in the world and at the first position as a destination for cybercrime’s attackers from Indonesia. The aim of this research is to assist the government in cybercrime mitigation analysis, this study aims to analyse the impact of unemployment and other socioeconomic factors of cybercrime prevention based on regions in Indonesia using the Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR) method with Within Transformation for 2017-2020. Results shows that there are various differences regarding the impact on cybercrime in each region. The results show that the characteristics of areas with low economic conditions significantly affect cybercrime and tend to act as perpetrators. Further analysis is needed to obtain more comprehensive analysis results."