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"The majority of female batik workers uses non-ergonomic chairs (dingklik) that pose risks of musculoskeletal disorders.This study aimed to design an ergonomic chair and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing musculoskeletal disordersamong the workers. This is a quasi-experimental study (using one group pre and post-test design) on 50 female batikworkers selected by quota sampling. Musculoskeletal disorders were measured among the samples before and after theuse of the designed ergonomic chair which they were asked to use for two months. T-test, ANCOVA, Wilcoxon test,McNemar test and Chi Square test were used for the analysis. The study found statistical significant differences of riskfactor against musculoskeletal disorders among the workers before and after their use of the designed ergonomic chair(p< 0.05); and of musculoskeletal disorders before and after using the ergonomic chair (p= 0,035). Body Mass Index(BMI) was identified as a confounding factor, and statistical significant difference of musculoskeletal disorders werealso found among the workers with <25 and >25 BMI even before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033 andp=0.015 respectively). By ANCOVA statistical test, after controlling BMI, another statistical difference ofmusculoskeletal disorders was also identified before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033). It is concluded thatthe designed ergonomic chair is effective to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.Pengaruh Pemakaian Kursi Ergonomis terhadap Gangguan Muskuloskeletal pada Pekerja Wanita Batik Tulisdi Kabupaten Sragen. Sebagian besar posisi kerja pekerja batik tulis di Sragen tidak ergonomis, sehingga berisiko terjadigangguan muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain kursi ergonomis dan menilai efektifitas desainkursi terhadap gangguan muskuloskeletal pekerja wanita batik tulis. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental quasi denganpendekatan one group pre and posttest design. Populasi adalah seluruh pekerja industri Batik Sragen. Teknik samplingquota random sampling. Sampel sebanyak 50 orang diukur tingkat risiko keparahan gangguan muskuloskeletalnyasebelum dan sesudah menggunakan kursi ergonomis. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji Wilcoxon test, McNemar test, dan ChiSquare test. Perbedaan tingkat risiko keparahan muskuloskeletal sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan kursi ergonomis(p< 0,05). Terdapat perbedaan keluhan muskuloskeletal sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan kursi ergonomis (p=0,035).Indeks massa tubuh teridentifikasi sebagai confounding factor karena terdapat hubungan yang signifikan terhadapgangguan muskuloskeletal, baik sebelum maupun sesudah menggunakan kursi ergonomis (masing-masing p=0,033 danp=0,015). Melalui uji Ancova, confounding factor dikendalikan, diperoleh hasil uji yang tetap signifikan (p=0,033).Kursi kerja ergonomis menurunkan risiko keparahan gangguan muskuloskeletal."

"The majority of female batik workers uses non-ergonomic chairs (dingklik) that pose risks of musculoskeletal disorders.This study aimed to design an ergonomic chair and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing musculoskeletal disordersamong the workers. This is a quasi-experimental study (using one group pre and post-test design) on 50 female batikworkers selected by quota sampling. Musculoskeletal disorders were measured among the samples before and after theuse of the designed ergonomic chair which they were asked to use for two months. T-test, ANCOVA, Wilcoxon test,McNemar test and Chi Square test were used for the analysis. The study found statistical significant differences of riskfactor against musculoskeletal disorders among the workers before and after their use of the designed ergonomic chair(p< 0.05); and of musculoskeletal disorders before and after using the ergonomic chair (p= 0,035). Body Mass Index(BMI) was identified as a confounding factor, and statistical significant difference of musculoskeletal disorders werealso found among the workers with <25 and >25 BMI even before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033 andp=0.015 respectively). By ANCOVA statistical test, after controlling BMI, another statistical difference ofmusculoskeletal disorders was also identified before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033). It is concluded thatthe designed ergonomic chair is effective to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders."

"Postur kerja yang ergonomis akan mempengaruhi keselamatan, kesehatan dan produktivitas pekerja. Karakteristik pekerjaan membatik tulis berkaitan dengan postur kerja duduk selama lebih dari tujuh jam. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan pekerja berada pada postur kerja yang tidak alamiah dan bersifat statis sehingga berisiko menimbulkan gangguan muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini mencoba mempelajari rangkaian kerja dan aspek ergonomi yang mempengaruhi postur kerja dalam membatik menggunakan metode Digital Human Modelling. Metode ini akan menghasilkan lingkungan virtual yang merepresentasikan kondisi aktual. Penyesuaian dilakukan dengan mendesain kursi dan gawangan yang ergonomis. Penilaian postur kerja dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) yang terdiri dari penilaian LBA, OWAS dan RULA berdasarkan fitur Task Analysis Toolkit pada perangkat lunak Jack 6.1. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi keluhan MSDs perajin batik di Sanggar Batik Katura yang berisiko tinggi mengalami Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) yang diindikasikan oleh nilai rata-rata RULA yang tinggi yaitu 6 dan skor PEI 2,01. Selain itu perbaikan berhasil dilakukan yang diindikasikan dengan nilai PEI yang turun menjadi 1,29 yang diperoleh dari postur kerja berdasarkan rekomendasi alat hasil perancangan dengan metode rasional.

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Ergonomic work posture will affect the safety, health and productivity of workers. Characteristics of writing batik work related to working posture sitting for more than seven hours. This condition causes workers to be in unnatural and static work postures so that they are at risk of causing musculoskeletal disorders. This research tries to study the work sequence and ergonomic aspects that affect work posture in batik using the Digital Human Modeling method. This method will generate a virtual environment that represents the actual condition. Adjustments are made by designing ergonomic chairs and rails. Assessment of work posture is carried out by evaluating the Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) which consists of an LBA assessment, OWAS and RULA are based on the Task Analysis Toolkit feature of Jack 6.1 software. This study succeeded in identifying the MSDs complaints of batik artisans in the Katura Batik Studio who are at high risk of experiencing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) as indicated by a high average RULA score of 6 and a PEI score of 2.01. In addition, improvements were successfully carried out as indicated by the PEI value which fell to 1.29 which was obtained from the work posture based on the recommendation of the tool designed by the rational method."

"Di zaman modern seperti sekarang ini, perkembangan dunia industri fashion memang sangat menjanjikan. Tingginya permintaan akan fashion ini membuat banyak pemilik modal untuk merintis usaha industri di bidang pakaian atau konveksi pakaian. Jenis usaha ini dikerjakan dengan bantuan mesin jahit dan mesin potong serta masih membutukan tenaga manusia untuk menggerakkannya. Pekerjaan tersebut dapat menimbulkan banyak masalah keluhan kesehatan dan berisiko terjadinya gangguan musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pekerja informal di kawasan home industry pakaian di kecamatan larangan kota tangerang pada tahun 2012. Responden berjumlah sebanyak 261 orang pekerja atau sekitar 45%. Tingkat risiko ergonomi dinilai dengan menggunakan REBA dan didapat hasil bahwa untuk pekerjaan membuat dan memotong pola pakaian dengan menggunakan mesin potong, tingkat risiko ergonominya adalah sangat tinggi (very high), untuk pekerjaan membuat dan memotong pola pakaian dengan menggunakan gunting biasa, tingkat risiko ergonominnya adalah tinggi (high) sedangkan untuk pekerjaan menjahit dengan menggunakan mesin listrik, tingkat risiko ergonomi yang diperoleh adalah tingkat risiko sedang (medium). Sedangkan untuk keluhan pegal-pegal dan nyeri otot pada pekerja yang mengindikasikan terjadinya musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) dari 41 responden pada bagian membuat dan memotong pola pakaian terdapat sebanyak 88% pekerja mengalami keluhan pada bagian leher bagian atas dan pada bagian menjahit dari 220 responden terdapat 96% atai 212 responden mengalami keluhan pada bagian punggung.Hasil penelitian ini dilihat dari hasil kuesioner noric body maps. Namun, penelitian ini tidak mempertimbangkan faktor lain seperti karakteristik individu (umur, riwayat penyakit, tingkat pendidikan, masa tubuh, kebiasaan merokok dan lama bekerja) dan karakteristik pekerjaan seperti pencahayaan, temperatur, debu dan lain-lain yang menjadi faktor penunjang terjadinya keluhan subjektif musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) tersebut.

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In modern times, as now, the development of the world's fashion industry is very promising. The high demand for fashion is making a lot of owners of capital for the industry pioneering effort in the field of apparel or clothing convection. This type of business done with the help of sewing machines and cutting machines as well as still manual system to move it. Such work can lead to many problems of health complaints and musculoskeletal disorders at risk of disorders (MSDs).

The research was conducted on informal workers in the apparel industry in the home indutry at Tangerang City in 2012. Respondents numbered as many as 261 workers or about 45%. Ergonomic risk level assessed by using the REBA and got the result that in order to create and cut a dress pattern by using a cutting machine, ergonomic risk level is very high (very high), to create and cut a dress pattern by using scissors, ergonomic risk level is high, while tailoring the use of electric machines, the level of ergonomic risk is the risk level medium. As for the complaints of fatigue and muscle pain in workers who indicated the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of 41 respondents in the apparel pattern making and cutting as many as 88% of workers had complaints in the neck at the top and sew part of the 220 respondents there were 96 or 212% of respondents had complaints on the back.

The results seen from the results of the questionnaire noric body maps. However, this study did not consider other factors such as individual characteristics (age, history of illness, education level, body mass, smoking habits and duration of work) and job characteristics such as lighting, temperature, dust and other factors supporting the subjective complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is."

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Penelitian ini membahas tentang gambaran secara umum tingkat risiko ergonomi dan keluhan subjektif muskuloskeletal yang dirasakan oleh pekerja pada pekerja Dinas Aircraft Support and Power Services PT GMF AeroAsia Unit Gas Turbine Repair and Overhaul. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan metode Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC) dan Nordic Musculoskeletal Questtionaire (NMQ). Keluhan selama 12 bulan terakhir yang paling sering dialami pekerja Unit Gas Turbine Repair and Overhaul adalah leher (87%), bahu kanan (87%), punggung atas (67%), punggung bawah (60%), dan pergelangan tangan kanan (67%) dengan variasi kategori risiko dari sedang hingga tinggi.

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This analysis aims to explain a description of the risk level of ergonomic and the overview of Musculoskeletal disorders on Aircraft Support and Power Services workers at PT GMF AeroAsia Gas Turbine Repair and Overhaul Unit. This research is a quantiative descriptive study with cross sectional aprroach. Quick Exposure Checklist and Nordic Musculoskeletal Quiestionnaire were used as the methodology in this research. For the last 12 months, the result shows that the most frequent Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complained by the workers are on the neck (87%), right shoulder (87%), upper back (67%), lower back (60%), and right wrist (67%) with variate risk categories starts from medium to high.

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"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap pekerja kusen di UD X Tangerang Selatan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko ergonomi pada pekerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penulisan cross sectional yang bersifat deskriptif analitik. Penulis melakukan observasi dan analisis risiko MSDs menggunakan metode REBA. Hasilnya, tahapan aktivitas pekerjaan pembuatan kusen, daun pintu dan daun jendela di UD X Tangerang Selatan memiliki tingkat risiko MSDs sedang sampai tinggi sehingga harus segera dilakukan tindakan perbaikan. Hal ini terjadi karena kombinasi beberapa faktor yang ada dalam pekerjaanya, yaitu postur janggal, frekuensi, durasi, dan beban kerja.

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This research is conducted on the sills workers in UD X South Tangerang to determine the ergonomic risk level on the workers. This research is a quantitative research with a cross sectional descriptive analytical design. Authors conducted observations and MSDs risk analysis using REBA method. The result, the sills, doors, and shutters making activity stages in UD X South Tangerang have a level of moderate to high risk of MSDs so the corrective action must be done immediately. This happens because there is a combination of several factors at work, which is awkward postures, frequency, duration, and workload."

"Penelitian aktivitas pembuatan kerupuk bertujuan mengetahui tingkat risiko ergonomi terhadap keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) yang dirasakan oleh perajin kerupuk di Pabrik Mekar Jaya Sektor Informal di Jakarta Selatan menggunakan Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan penyebaran kuesioner dengan total responden 16 orang. Tahapan pembuatan kerupuk terdiri dari enam proses yang terdiri dari 32 task dengan tingkat risiko tertinggi terdapat pada kegiatan mengeluarkan adonan dari mesin penggilingan tahap satu, memindahkan adonan ke mesin penggilingan tahap dua, dan memisahkan trimming dari sarang plastik yang berarti harus segera diperbaiki karena potensi MSDs semakin besar. Keluhan subjektif paling banyak dirasakan adalah pinggang.

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This research purposes to detect risk level and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaint in cracker workers in Factory Mekar Jaya informal sector in South Jakarta using REBA and questionaires with 16 total respondent. Stages of making crackers consist of six process which consist of 32 task with the highest level of risk is in the activity of the issuing dough of the milling machine stage one, move the dough to the milling machine stage two, and separate trimming of plastic nest which means three of these activities must be repaired immediately because the greater potential MSDs. The most subjective complaint is in the waist."

"Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat membuat hampir semua aktifitas pekerjaan manusia berhubungan erat dengan berbagai macam alat dan mesin. Tidak terkecuali dalam dunia industri yang saat ini terus berkembang dengan pesatnya. Namun dalam interaksi antara manusia, mesin dan lingkungan kerja terdapat berbagai risiko yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit akibat kerja (PAK) ataupun kecelakaan kerja bagi manusia. Salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang kerap diderita oleh pekerja adalah penyakit yang berkaitan dengan otot serta rangka, atau lebih dikenal dengan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pekerja furnitur di PT. X di Klender, Jakarta Timur pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor risiko MSDs pada bagian tubuh dan gejala MSDs yang dialami oleh pekerja. metode penelitiain ini adalah kualitatif dengan desain studi observasional. Responden berjumlah 8 orang, dan tingkat risiko ergonomi dinilai menggunakan Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Penilaian menggunakan REBA mendapatkan hasil 1 tahapan pekerjaan (25%) termasuk dalam kategori medium risk (action level 3), dan 3 tahapan pekerjaan (75%) termasuk dalam kategori high risk (action level 4). Nordic Body Map (NBM) digunakan untuk mengetahui keluhan MSDs yang dirasakan pekerja dan didapatkan hasil 100% pekerja mengeluhkan gejala MSDs. Keluhan terbanyak dirasakan adalah pegal dan rasa sakit pada tubuh bagian pinggang, leher bagian bawah, dan betis.

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Technological developments that grow rapidly make almost human activities are closely related to tools and machinery. Industrial sectors is one of many sectors that grow rapidly as the human development. However, the interaction between human, machine and workplace environment have many risks that can make occupational disease or injury to the workers. One of the occupational diseases that often suffered by workers is a disease associated with muscle, bonesand joints, or known as Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This research was conducted on Furniture Workers PT. X, Klender, East Jakarta, in 2014. This research’s purpose are to know the musculoskeletal disorders risk factor in the body and symptoms experienced by workers. This research method is qualitative with observasional design. Respondents of this research were 8 production workers. Ergonomic risk level assessed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The result from assessment using REBA are 1 task (25%) included medium risk category (action level 3), and 3 task (75%) include high risk category (action level 4). Nordic Body Map (NBM) is used to know the complaints about MSDs from workers, and the result is 100% of worker said that they have some symptoms of MSDs. Most of complaints are on the hip, lower neck, and calves."

"Skripsi ini membahas analisis hubungan faktor risiko ergonomi terhadap keluhan gejala MSDs petugas luar gedung UI di Depok tahun 2016. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada 85 pekerja. Faktor risiko ergonomi didapatkan dengan menggunakan metode REBA, sedangkan keluhan gejala MSDs didapatkan dengan menggunakan Nordic Body Map. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 95% pekerja mengeluhkan gejala MSDs dengan keluhan terbanyak terdapat di bagian pinggang bawah (35.3%), diikuti dengan bagian leher atas dan bawah (27.1%). Distribusi keluhan gejala MSDs berdasarkan usia paling banyak pada usia ≥ 25 tahun, berdasarkan jenis kelamin paling banyak pada wanita, berdasarkan masa kerja paling banyak pada pekerja dengan masa kerja > 3 tahun, berdasarkan IMT paling banyak pada pekerja dengan IMT normal, berdasarkan kebiasaan merokok paling banyak pada pekerja yang tidak merokok, dan berdasarkan kebiasaan berolahraga paling banyak pada pekerja yang tidak biasa berolahraga. Proses kerja dengan tingkat risiko ergonomi paling tinggi adalah mengastin. Namun dari hasil uji statistik tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara faktor risiko ergonomi dengan keluhan gejala MSDs petugas kebersihan.

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The focus of this study was the analysis of ergonomic risk factor in relation with the complaints of musculoskeletal disorders symptom in the outdoor cleaning workers at the University of Indonesia. This was the cross sectional quantitative study that involved 85 workers. Ergonomic risk factor required by using REBA methode, and the complaints of MSDs' symptom required by using Nordic Body Map. The result showed that 95% of workers complain MSDs' symptom mostly on the low back (35.3%), followed with upper and lower neck (27.1%). The distribution of the complaints based on age mostly on the group ≥ 25 years old, based on gender mostly on women, based on the duration of employment mostly on the workers with > 3 years employment, based on body mass index mostly on the workers with normal category, based on smoking habit mostly on the workers who has never smoke, and based on sports habit mostly on the workers who were not used to do sports. Work process with the highest level of ergonomic risk were mengastin. However, statistical test did not show that there is a relation between ergonomic risk factor and the complaints of MSDs' symptom in the outdoor cleaning workers"

"ABSTRAKPekerja di pabrik pembuatan tempe di Desa Citeureup beresiko mengalami keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders yang berasal dari proses kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders. Penelitian dilakukan pada 15 pekerja di 3 tempat dengan desain studi deskripstif observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses kerja pembuatan tempe di Desa Citereup mempunyai tingkat risiko ergonomi yang cukup tinggi. Dari 10 (sepuluh) Terdapat 4 (empat) aktivitas yang mempunyai tingkat risiko tinggi. Keluhan paling dominan yang dirasakan pekerja yaitu pegal-pegal. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan postur tubuh kerja untuk meminimalisasi keluhan Musculoskletal Disorders dan faktor risiko ergonomi.

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ABSTRACTWorkers of tempe factory in Desa Citeureup had a risk to experience musculoskeletal disorders complaints that derived from the process of working. The aim of this study is to obtain a description of musculoskeletal disorders complaints. The subject of the study was 15 workers in three places, and the method used was observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The result showed that the process of working in the manufacture of tempe have high level of ergonomics risk. There were 4 (four) activities from 10 (ten) that have high risk level. The most dominant complaints most dominant from the workers were stiff. The factory was suggested to improve body posture to minimize musculoskletal disorders complaints and ergonomic risk factor."