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"Perubahan warna email setelah aplikasi Averrhoa bilimbi. Perubahan warna gigi terutama diatasi dengan melakukan perawatan pemutihan gigi. Penggunaan agen pemutih kimia dapat menyebabkan efek samping, sehingga perlu ditemukan agen pemutih gigi alternatif berbahan dasar alam. Averrhoa bilimbi mengandung peroksida dan asam oksalat yang memiliki kemampuan memutihkan gigi. Tujuan: Menganalisis perubahan warna email gigi setelah aplikasi Averrhoa bilimbi dan karbamid peroksida 10%. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 gigi premolar pascaekstraksi (masing-masing 10 spesimen untuk aplikasi Averrhoa bilimbi dan karbamid peroksida 10%). Setelah aplikasi, spesimen diletakkan di inkubator 37°C selama 2 jam, kemudian dicuci dan direndam dalam akuades, dan diinkubasi kembali selama 14 hari. Perubahan warna diamati oleh 5 pengamat menggunakan panduan warna. Hasil: Hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Perubahan warna email gigi setelahaplikasi dengan Averrhoa bilimbi dari A3 menjadi C1, A2, D2, B2, dan B1. Perubahan warna gigi secara homogen dari A3 ke B1 terjadi dalam aplikasi karbamid peroksida 10%. Perubahan warna yang lebih jelas terjadi pada kelompok karbamid peroksida 10% (p=0,004) dibandingkan kelompok Averrhoa bilimbi (p=0,005). Perbedaan perubahan warna yang terjadi pada kedua kelompok tersebut berbeda bermakna (p=0,002). Simpulan: Averrhoa bilimbi memiliki prospek yang baik sebagai bahan pemutih gigi karena penggunaannya dapat menimbulkan perubahan warna email, namun efektivitasnya masih di bawah 10% karbamid peroksida.

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Teeth discoloration is mainly treated with dental bleaching. Use of chemical bleaching has side effects, so it is important to find an alternative natural dental bleaching agent. Averrhoa bilimbi contains peroxide and oxalate acid that possess tooth whitening properties. Objective: To determine the change in color of dental enamel after the application of Averrhoa bilimbi and 10% carbamide peroxide. Methods: Samples were 20 post-extracted of the two tested materials premolars (10 specimens each for Averrhoa bilimbi and carbamide peroxide application). After the application, the specimens were incubated at 37ºC for 2 hours, washed and soaked in aquadest before further incubated for another 14 days. The colour changed was observed by 5 independent observers using shade guide. Results: Quantitative and qualitative analyzes were performed. Qualitatively, A3 color has changed into C1, A2, D2, B2 and B1 in the Averrhoa bilimbi group. A more significant color change in the 10% carbamide peroxide group (p=0.005) compared to Averrhoa bilimbi group (p=0.005) were observed. The difference of resulted enamel colour change was statistically significant (p=0.002). Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi had a good prospect as dental bleaching agent since its application effectively resulted in a slight enamel colour change although its whitening properties was still lower than 10% carbamide peroxide."

"Pemberlakuan sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional JKN menyebabkan peresepan dan penggunaan obat harus mengacu pada Formularium Nasional Fornas. Tujuan penelitian ini sebagai deteksi awal untuk menilai dampak pada rasionalitas dan efisiensi berupa kualitas dan kuantitas serta biaya penggunaan obat secara umum sebelum dan setelah diterapkan Fornasi. Penelitian ini adalah studi komparatif dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Data yang digunakan diperoleh dari laporan penggunaan obat tahun 2013 hingga 2015. Subjek penelitian adalah 5 Puskesmas dari total 9 Puskesmas di Kota Sungai Penuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ATC/DDD. Kuantitas, kualitas, dan total biaya obat dibandingkan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan Fornas. Persentase kepatuhan penggunaan obat terhadap Fornas juga dihitung.Hasil yang diperoleh kuantitas penggunaan obat DDD/1000 populasi perhari di 5 puskesmas di kota Sungai Penuh mengalami penurunan setelah penerapan Fornas namun hanya 2 puskesmas yang bermakna secara statistik p=0,014 dan p=0,024. Kualitas penggunaan obat DU90 di 5 Puskesmas di kota sungai penuh tidak mengalami peningkatan setelah penerapan fornas. Obat yang paling banyak digunakan adalah vitamin B komplek, amoksisilin, kloramfeniramin maleat, natrium tiroksin dan prednison. Total biaya obat di 5 puskesmas mengalami penurunan setelah penerapan fornas namun hanya 3 puskesmas yang bermakna secara statistik p=0,006, p=0,04 dan p=0,004. Persentase kesesuaian obat di semua Puskesmas dengan Fornas pada tahun 2014 adalah 68 dan meningkat menjadi 71 pada tahun 2015.

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Enactment of National Health Insurance NHI caused drug prescribing and drug used must refer to the National Formulary NF. Aims of this research were as initial detection on rationality and efficiency of drug used such as quality and quantity also drug cost in general before and after the NF application. This research was comparative study by cross sectional design. This research used the data from the drug used reports from 2013 rsquo s to 2015 rsquo s at 5 PHC from 9 total of PHC in Sungai Penuh city. This research was performed by ATC DDD methodology. Quantity, quality, and a total of drug cost were compared before and after the NF implementation. Percentage of drug adherence to the NF was also counted.The result was obtained showed that quantity of drug utilization at 5 of PHC decreased after the NF application but only 2 PHC had statistically difference p 0,014 and p 0,024. The quality of drug utilization had no improve after the NF implementation. The most used drug was vitamin B complex, amoxicillin, chlorpheniramine maleate, levothyroxine sodium and prednisone. Total of drug cost decreased after NF application but only 3 PHC were statistically difference p 0,006, p 0,04 and p 0,004. Percentage of drug adherence at 5 PHC to the NF in 2014 39 s was 68 dan increased to 71 in 2015 39 s."

"Operasi CABG merupakan salah satu penanganan bedah pada PJK dan meningkatkan kualitas pasien kehidupan baik. Namun pasien yang telah menjalani CABG tetap berisiko untuk kejadian iskemik. Pencegahan sekunder kardiovaskular memainkan peran penting untuk mempertahankan jangka panjang patensi cangkok, memperlambat proses aterosklerotik, dan mencegah hasil kardiovaskular yang merugikan. Perubahan perilaku dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan seseorang untuk berubah dan dukungan disekitarnya. Keyakinan yang dianggap berpengaruh terhadap pola perubahan perilaku adalah perceived benefit dan perceived barrier. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan perceived benefit, perceived barrier dan dukungan sosial terhadap perawatan diri pasien setelah operasi CABG. Metode: desain cross-secrtional, dengan jumlah sampel 75 responden, kriteria inklusi: Pasien operasi CABG lebih dari 6 bulan, Usia lebih dari 30 tahun, Hasil analisis terdapat empat hubungan yang bermakna terhadap perawatan diri, didapatkan pendidikan nilai p 0,015, perceived benefit  nilai p 0,001, perceived barrier dengan nilai p 0,004 , dan dukungan sosial nilai p 0,000. Dan hasi tidak bermakna pada usia nilai p 0.631 dan pengetahuan nilai p 0.418 Jenis kelamin nilai p 0,357. Kesimpulan : terdapat hubungan yang bermakna anatara perceived benefit, perceibved barrier, dan dukungan sosial terhadap perawatan diri pasien setelah operasi CABG

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CABG surgery is one of the surgical treatments for CHD and improves the patient's quality of life. However, patients who have undergone CABG remain at risk for ischemic events. Cardiovascular secondary prevention plays an important role in maintaining long-term graft patency, slowing the atherosclerotic process, and preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Behavior change is influenced by a person's belief to change and support around him. The beliefs that are considered to have an effect on the pattern of behavior change are perceived benefits and perceived barriers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of perceived benefit, perceived barrier and social support to patient self-care after CABG surgery. Methods: cross-sectional design, with a sample of 75 respondents, inclusion criteria: CABG surgery patients more than 6 months, age more than 30 years, the results of the analysis there are four significant relationships with self-care, education p value is 0.015, perceived benefit value p 0.001, perceived barrier with p value 0.004 , and social support p value 0.000. not significant, namely age p value 0.631 and knowledge p value 0.418 Gender p value 0.357. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and social support for patient self-care after CABG surgery."

"ABSTRAKDalam konteks globalisasi dan perekonomian terbuka, ekspansi programkesejahteraan sosial sering kali dideterminasi oleh tekanan kelompok buruh ataupartai “kiri.” Skripsi ini menunjukan bahwa elemen-elemen populis yangterlembaga pada suatu negara dapat menjadi penentu dikembangkannya programprogramkesejahteraan sosial. Hal ini ditelaah dengan menggunakan kerangkateori perubahan institusional bertahap, yang memahami bahwa institusimerupakan mekanisme distribusi kekuasaan yang terlembaga dan memilikikesenjangan di antara desain dan implementasi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan aktordi dalamnya untuk melakukan perubahan. Studi kasus ekspansi jaminan kesehatanIndonesia, melalui SJSN dan BPJS, akan digunakan untuk memperlihatkanperubahan institusional bertahap ini dengan memberikan fokus pada dinamikaintraparlemen

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ABSTRACTIn the context of globalization and open economy, expansion in welfare programis often determined by labor union or “left” party forces. This thesis shows thatpopulist elements could be the determinant of the expansion of welfare programs.It has been studies in the framework of incremental institutional change, whichsee institution as a power-distribution mechanism that are institutionalized. Italso shows a gap between design and implementation, so that it can be utilized byconcerning actors to push for change. The case of the expansion of the Indonesianhealthcare provision, through SJSN and BPJS, will be used to highlight theincremental institutional change, and also it gives focus to the dynamics of the inthe parliament."

"Penerapan Standar Manajemen Mutu ISO 9001:2008 sudah dilaksanakan di BRSU Tabanan sejak tahun 2009 sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan namun masih ada saja keluhan terhadap pelayanan di Badan Rumah Sakit Umum Tabanan. Sampai saat ini belum pernah dilakukan analisis kinerja pelayanan di IGD pada penerapan Standar Manajemen Mutu ISO 9001:2008 BRSU Tabanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kinerja pelayanan di IGD pada penerapan SMM ISO 9001:2008 di IGD BRSU Tabanan. Dilakukan bulan Agustus-Oktober 2013, dengan metode penelitian kualitatif yang dilengkapi dengan data kuantitatif yang merupakan data sekunder berupa sasaran mutu di IGD sebagai indikator kinerja. Responden untuk kepuasan pelayanan di IGD adalah pasien atau keluarganya yang datang bulan Agustus-Oktober 2013 yang bersedia mengisi kuesioner,sebanyak 150 orang. Staf IGD dan staf di bidang pelayanan yang bekerja minimal 3 tahun sebagai responden penerapan SMM ISO 9001:2008 di IGD berjumlah 71 orang. Wawancara mendalam kepada Direksi sebanyak 3 orang sebagai informan dalam informasi pencapaian kinerja di IGD dan penerapan SMM ISO 9001:2008. Analisis data dengan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja pelayanan di IGD sudah baik pada 9 sasaran mutu dari 12 sasaran mutu yang ada di IGD. Sasaran mutu yang belum baik adalah keluhan pelanggan, ketidakpuasan pelanggan terhadap pelayanan dokter dan angka kematian pasien di IGD ≤24 jam. Diperlukan peningkatan anggaran yang bertujuan untuk peningkatan kualitas SDM di IGD seiring dengan peningkatan pendapatan rumah sakit, melengkapi sarana untuk ruang intensif serta sosialisasi kembali penerapan SMM ISO 9001:2008

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Implementation of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Standards have been implemented in BRSU Tabanan since 2009 in an effort to improve the quality of care, but there are still complaints against the ministry in BRSU Tabanan. Until now, this has never been done in the Emergency Room service performance analysis on the application of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Standard BRSU Tabanan.

This study was conducted aimed to determine and analyze the performance of services in the emergency department on the application of ISO 9001:2008 QMS in Emergency Room BRSU Tabanan. Do months from August to October, 2013, with a qualitative research method that comes with the quantitative data is secondary data quality objectives in the Emergency Room as indicator performance. Respondents service satisfaction in the emergency department for patients or their families were coming month of August to October 2013, which are willing to fill out a questionnaire, as many as 150 people. Emergency Room staff and staff working in the field of service of at least 3 years as respondents in the application of ISO 9001:2008 QMS Emergency Room are 71. In-depth interviews to the Board of Directors as an informant were 3 people in the achievement of performance information in the Emergency Room and the application of ISO 9001:2008 QMS. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

The results show the performance of services in the Emergency Room already well on target mutul 9 of 12 quality objectives in the Emergency Room. Quality objectives is not good customer complaints , customer dissatisfaction with the services of doctors and patient mortality in Emergency Room ≤ 24 hours. Required an increase in the budget aimed at improving the quality of human resources in the emergency department with increasing hospital revenue, completing facilities for intensive care and resocialization of the application of ISO 9001:2008 QMS."

"[ABSTRAK Nama WidiaWatiNPM 1206195810Program Studi Ners Spesialis Keperawatan Medikal BedahJudul Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Model Self Care Orem pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus dengan Ulkus di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin kerja insulin atau keduanya yang ditandai dengan Hiperglikemia Kondisi hiperglikemia yang tidak teratasi dapat menimbulkan berbagai komplikasi baik komplikasi akut maupun kronik Salah satu komplikasi kronik adalah ulkus diabetes Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah kejadian DM maka prevalensi ulkus diabetes akan meningkat juga Di Indonesia ulkus diabetes dan ganggren merupakan komplikasi diabetes yang paling banyak dirawat di rumah sakit Penanganan ulkus diabetes yang tidak optimal menyebabkan meningkatnya hari rawat inap Kondisi luka menimbulkan gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan perawatan diri bagi pasien Perawat berperan penting dalam membantu pemenuhan Self Care pasien Untuk itu penerapan asuhan keperawatan model Self Care Orem berfokus pada kemampuan individu dalam melakukan tindakan perawatan mandiri mengenali dan mengatur kebutuhan perawatannya Penerapan Evidence Based Nursing adalah terapi Progressive Muscle Relaxation PMR dan latihan nafas merupakan latihan untuk meningkatkan kontrol glikemik dan menurunkan tingkat stress pada pasien DM tipe 2 Sedangkan Inovasi Keperawatan yang diberikan bertujuan meningkatkan Self Care dengan cara meningkatkan kemampuan pasien dalam Self Health Assessment Kata kunci Diabetes melitus Ulkus diabetes Model Self Care Orem ABSTRAK Nama WidiaWatiNPM 1206195810Program Studi Ners Spesialis Keperawatan Medikal BedahJudul Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Model Self Care Orem pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus dengan Ulkus di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin kerja insulin atau keduanya yang ditandai dengan Hiperglikemia Kondisi hiperglikemia yang tidak teratasi dapat menimbulkan berbagai komplikasi baik komplikasi akut maupun kronik Salah satu komplikasi kronik adalah ulkus diabetes Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah kejadian DM maka prevalensi ulkus diabetes akan meningkat juga Di Indonesia ulkus diabetes dan ganggren merupakan komplikasi diabetes yang paling banyak dirawat di rumah sakit Penanganan ulkus diabetes yang tidak optimal menyebabkan meningkatnya hari rawat inap Kondisi luka menimbulkan gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan perawatan diri bagi pasien Perawat berperan penting dalam membantu pemenuhan Self Care pasien Untuk itu penerapan asuhan keperawatan model Self Care Orem berfokus pada kemampuan individu dalam melakukan tindakan perawatan mandiri mengenali dan mengatur kebutuhan perawatannya Penerapan Evidence Based Nursing adalah terapi Progressive Muscle Relaxation PMR dan latihan nafas merupakan latihan untuk meningkatkan kontrol glikemik dan menurunkan tingkat stress pada pasien DM tipe 2 Sedangkan Inovasi Keperawatan yang diberikan bertujuan meningkatkan Self Care dengan cara meningkatkan kemampuan pasien dalam Self Health Assessment Kata kunci Diabetes melitus Ulkus diabetes Model Self Care Orem ABSTRACT Name WidiaWatiNPM 1206195810Study Program Postgraduate of Nursing Science programTitle Nursing care by Orem rsquo s self care model application for diabetes mellitus patient with diabetic ulcer in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disease because alter secretion act of insulin or both showed by hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia uncontrolled can cause complication either acute or chronic One of chronic complication is diabetic ulcer Increasing prevalence of diabetes could be assumed that could increase prevalence of diabetic ulcer either In Indonesia diabetic ulcer and gangrene were the most diabetes complication that was hospitalized Care of diabetic ulcer that was not optimal could cause length of stay LOS in hospital Diabetic ulcer could cause needs of self care demand disturbance for patient Nurse had important role in help self care demand for patient For that reason application of nursing care with self care Orem model focused on individual ability to do self care recognize and regulate care requirement Evidence Based Nursing about Progressive Muscle Relaxation PMR therapy and breathing exercise for enhance blood glucose control and reduce stress level in diabetes type 2 patient whereas nursing innovation purposed to enhance self care through increasing patient ability for Self Health Assessment Keywords Diabetes mellitus diabetic ulcer Orem rsquo s Self Care Model;ABSTRACT Name WidiaWatiNPM 1206195810Study Program Postgraduate of Nursing Science programTitle Nursing care by Orem rsquo s self care model application for diabetes mellitus patient with diabetic ulcer in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disease because alter secretion act of insulin or both showed by hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia uncontrolled can cause complication either acute or chronic One of chronic complication is diabetic ulcer Increasing prevalence of diabetes could be assumed that could increase prevalence of diabetic ulcer either In Indonesia diabetic ulcer and gangrene were the most diabetes complication that was hospitalized Care of diabetic ulcer that was not optimal could cause length of stay LOS in hospital Diabetic ulcer could cause needs of self care demand disturbance for patient Nurse had important role in help self care demand for patient For that reason application of nursing care with self care Orem model focused on individual ability to do self care recognize and regulate care requirement Evidence Based Nursing about Progressive Muscle Relaxation PMR therapy and breathing exercise for enhance blood glucose control and reduce stress level in diabetes type 2 patient whereas nursing innovation purposed to enhance self care through increasing patient ability for Self Health Assessment Keywords Diabetes mellitus diabetic ulcer Orem rsquo s Self Care Model;ABSTRACT Name WidiaWatiNPM 1206195810Study Program Postgraduate of Nursing Science programTitle Nursing care by Orem rsquo s self care model application for diabetes mellitus patient with diabetic ulcer in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disease because alter secretion act of insulin or both showed by hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia uncontrolled can cause complication either acute or chronic One of chronic complication is diabetic ulcer Increasing prevalence of diabetes could be assumed that could increase prevalence of diabetic ulcer either In Indonesia diabetic ulcer and gangrene were the most diabetes complication that was hospitalized Care of diabetic ulcer that was not optimal could cause length of stay LOS in hospital Diabetic ulcer could cause needs of self care demand disturbance for patient Nurse had important role in help self care demand for patient For that reason application of nursing care with self care Orem model focused on individual ability to do self care recognize and regulate care requirement Evidence Based Nursing about Progressive Muscle Relaxation PMR therapy and breathing exercise for enhance blood glucose control and reduce stress level in diabetes type 2 patient whereas nursing innovation purposed to enhance self care through increasing patient ability for Self Health Assessment Keywords Diabetes mellitus diabetic ulcer Orem rsquo s Self Care Model;ABSTRACT Name WidiaWatiNPM 1206195810Study Program Postgraduate of Nursing Science programTitle Nursing care by Orem rsquo s self care model application for diabetes mellitus patient with diabetic ulcer in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disease because alter secretion act of insulin or both showed by hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia uncontrolled can cause complication either acute or chronic One of chronic complication is diabetic ulcer Increasing prevalence of diabetes could be assumed that could increase prevalence of diabetic ulcer either In Indonesia diabetic ulcer and gangrene were the most diabetes complication that was hospitalized Care of diabetic ulcer that was not optimal could cause length of stay LOS in hospital Diabetic ulcer could cause needs of self care demand disturbance for patient Nurse had important role in help self care demand for patient For that reason application of nursing care with self care Orem model focused on individual ability to do self care recognize and regulate care requirement Evidence Based Nursing about Progressive Muscle Relaxation PMR therapy and breathing exercise for enhance blood glucose control and reduce stress level in diabetes type 2 patient whereas nursing innovation purposed to enhance self care through increasing patient ability for Self Health Assessment Keywords Diabetes mellitus diabetic ulcer Orem rsquo s Self Care Model, ABSTRACT Name WidiaWatiNPM 1206195810Study Program Postgraduate of Nursing Science programTitle Nursing care by Orem rsquo s self care model application for diabetes mellitus patient with diabetic ulcer in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disease because alter secretion act of insulin or both showed by hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia uncontrolled can cause complication either acute or chronic One of chronic complication is diabetic ulcer Increasing prevalence of diabetes could be assumed that could increase prevalence of diabetic ulcer either In Indonesia diabetic ulcer and gangrene were the most diabetes complication that was hospitalized Care of diabetic ulcer that was not optimal could cause length of stay LOS in hospital Diabetic ulcer could cause needs of self care demand disturbance for patient Nurse had important role in help self care demand for patient For that reason application of nursing care with self care Orem model focused on individual ability to do self care recognize and regulate care requirement Evidence Based Nursing about Progressive Muscle Relaxation PMR therapy and breathing exercise for enhance blood glucose control and reduce stress level in diabetes type 2 patient whereas nursing innovation purposed to enhance self care through increasing patient ability for Self Health Assessment Keywords Diabetes mellitus diabetic ulcer Orem rsquo s Self Care Model]"