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"Recent years have shown an increase in interest in the study of cleanliness from a historical and sociological perspective. Many of such studies on bathing and washing, on keeping the body and the streets clean, and on filth and the combat of dirt, focus on Europe. In Cleanliness and culture attention shifts to the tropics, to Indonesia, in colonial times as well as in the present. Subjects range from the use of soap and the washing of clothes as a pretext to claim superiority of race and class to how references to being clean played a role in a campaign against European homosexuals in the Netherlands Indies at the end of the 1930s. Other topics are eerie skin diseases and the sanitary measures to eliminate them, and how misconceptions about lack of hygiene as the cause of illness hampered the finding of a cure. Attention is also drawn to differences in attitude towards performing personal body functions outdoors and retreating to the privacy of the bathroom, to traditional bathing ritual and to the modern tropical Spa culture as a manifestation of a New Asian lifestyle."

"Recent years have shown an increase in interest in the study of cleanliness from a historical and sociological perspective. Many of such studies on bathing and washing, on keeping the body and the streets clean, and on filth and the combat of dirt, focus on Europe.In Cleanliness and culture attention shifts to the tropics, to Indonesia, in colonial times as well as in the present. Subjects range from the use of soap and the washing of clothes as a pretext to claim superiority of race and class to how references to being clean played a role in a campaign against European homosexuals in the Netherlands Indies at the end of the 1930s. Other topics are eerie skin diseases and the sanitary measures to eliminate them, and how misconceptions about lack of hygiene as the cause of illness hampered the finding of a cure. Attention is also drawn to differences in attitude towards performing personal body functions outdoors and retreating to the privacy of the bathroom, to traditional bathing ritual and to the modern tropical Spa culture as a manifestation of a New Asian lifestyle.With contributions by Bart Barendregt, Marieke Bloembergen, Kees van Dijk, Mary Somers Heidhues, David Henley, George Quinn, and Jean Gelman Taylor"--Publisher's description. "

"Diare merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar kedua pada anak usia di bawah lima tahun, dimana 1 dari 9 balita di dunia meninggal diakibatkan oleh diare. WHO menyebutkan bahwa sekitar 80% kematian diare disebabkan oleh air yang tidak aman, sanitasi yang tidak memadai dan kebersihan yang tidak memadai, terutama di negara berkembang. Diare tetap menjadi masalah utama tetapi sebagian besar dapat dicegah. Air, sanitasi, dan kebersihan yang lebih baik dapat mencegah kematian 297.000 anak di bawah 5 tahun setiap tahunnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan faktor WASH (sumber air bersih, air minum, fasilitas sanitasi, pembuangan tinja anak, dan fasilitas cuci tangan) dan faktor host (ASI eksklusif dan imunisasi campak) terhadap kejadian diare pada balita di wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang (cross-sectional). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu data SDKI 2017. Hubungan antara variabel independen dengan dependen akan dilihat menggunakan uji statistik kai kuadrat (chi-square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor WASH dan host yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan diare balita di Indonesia, yaitu sumber air bersih (OR = 1,41), air minum (OR = 1,37), fasilitas sanitasi (OR = 1,39), pembuangan tinja anak (OR = 1,26), ASI eksklusif (OR = 1,68) dan imunisasi campak (OR = 1,19). Pada wilayah pedesaan, yaitu air minum (OR = 1,39), fasilitas sanitasi (OR = 1,19), dan ASI eksklusif (OR = 1,72) serta di wilayah perkotaan, yaitu sumber air bersih (OR = 1,69), fasilitas sanitasi (OR = 1,65), pembuangan tinja anak (OR = 1,30), dan ASI eksklusif (OR = 1,64). Diharapkan pemerintah untuk memperluas pedoman terkait diare balita yang disebabkan karena faktor WASH dan faktor host balita, untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat.

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Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, account for 1 in 9 child deaths worlwide. WHO states around 80% deaths from diarrhea are caused by unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and inadequate hygiene, especially in developing countries. Diarrhea remains a major problem but is largely preventable. Better water, sanitation, and hygiene could prevent the deaths of 297,000 children under five each year. This research aims to analyze the association between WASH risk factors (clean water sources, drinking water, sanitation facilities, disposal of children's feces, and hand washing facilities) and host factors (exclusive breastfeeding and measles immunization) on the prevalence of diarrhea among children under five in rural and urban areas in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional research design. The data used is secondary data, SDKI 2017. The association between independent and dependent variables will be test using the chi-square statistical test. The research results show, clean water sources (OR = 1.41), drinking water (OR = 1.37), sanitation facilities (OR = 1.39), disposal of children’s feces (OR = 1.26), exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 1.68) and measles immunization (OR = 1.19), were significantly associated with children under five diarrhea. In rural areas, drinking water (OR = 1.39), sanitation facilities (OR = 1.19), and exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 1.72), were significantly associated with children under five diarrhea, and in urban areas, clean water sources (OR = 1.69 ), sanitation facilities (OR = 1.65), disposal of children's feces (OR = 1.30), and exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 1.64), were significantly associated with children under five diarrhea. The knowledge findings from this study suggest government to expands guidelines regarding children under five diarrhea caused by WASH factor and host factors, to increase public awareness."

"Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan aspek higiene dan sanitasi serta K3 pada kantin fakultas di Lingkungan Universitas X sesuai standar yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1096 Tahun 2011 dan Work Safe BC “Health Safety for Hospitality Small Bussiness”. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian semi kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Penelitian ini ditujukan kepada seluruh penjamah makanan di kantin fakultas di Universitas X. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan higiene, sanitasi, dan aspek K3 di kantin Universitas X perlu dimaksimalkan. Berdasarkan teori segitiga epidemiologi, hasil tersebut dapat menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan antara 3 faktor pendukung terjadinya penyakit dan kecelakaan di kantin. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penjamah makanan harus meningkatkan kesadaran akan kebersihan dan perilaku aman terkait penerapan pengelolaan makanan di kantin, selain itu perlu diberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan serta perbaikan konstruksi kantin yang memenuhi persyaratan.

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This research is to find out the implementation of hygiene and sanitation as well as K3 aspects in canteens at the University of X according to the standards set by the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1096 of 2011 and Work Safe BC "Health Safety for Hospitality Small Business. This research is semi-quantitative research with a descriptive design. This research aims to at all food handlers in the faculty canteen at the University of X. The results obtained from this research showed that the application of hygiene, sanitation, and K3 aspects in the University of X’es canteen needs to be maximal. Based on the epidemiological triangle theory, Those results can impact conflict between 3 factors supporting disease occurrence and accidents in the canteen. Those results suggest that food handlers must increase awareness of clean and safe behavior regarding implementing food management in the canteen. In addition, it is necessary to provide education and training and repair canteen construction that meets the requirements."

"Studi evaluasi ini menawarkan pendekatan baru dalam metode evaluasi dampak program CSR berbasis PROPER, dengan menggabungkan metode meansend analysis dengan SROI yang masih jarang dilakukan oleh evaluator CSR maupun perusahaan. Banyak dari studi sebelumnya hanya melihat analisis PROPER dengan gap analysis yang hanya bersifat administratif dan prosedural, sehingga belum sejalan dengan nilai PROPER. Selain itu, masih banyak program CSR yang implementasinya hanya bersifat charity, dan tidak menghasilkan impact berupa pengembangan kapasitas dari komunitas penerima program. Oleh karenanya, studi ini mengkombinasikan metode Gap Analysis untuk melihat kesesuaian program dengan pedoman PROPER, lalu metode means-end analysis untuk menangkap permasalahan yang muncul dalam pengelolaan dan proses implementasi, serta metode Social Return On Investment (SROI) untuk mengukur valuasi moneter dari dampak sosial yang diberikan oleh program. Hasil evaluasi memperlihatkan program telah sesuai dengan pedoman PROPER, tetapi masih ditemukan beberapa kekurangan yang menjadi celah. Pada capaian dampak, program juga berhasil memberikan dampak dengan perubahan yang signifikan, namun hanya parsial pada sebagian penerima manfaat. Adapun analisis nilai dampak menghasilkan besaran dampak moneter yaitu 1.86 kali lebih besar dari nilai investasi perusahaan, angka yang cenderung kecil tersebut disebabkan oleh dampak yang cenderung parsial, intangible, karena kapasitas masyarakat yang masih relatif terbatas. Secara keseluruhan, hasil memperlihatkan bahwa program perlu memperhatikan pemetaan dampak pada stakeholder, terutama pada aspek community development.

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This evaluation study offers a new approach in evaluating the impact of PROPER-based CSR programs, by combining the Means-end Analysis method with SROI which is still rarely carried out by CSR evaluators and companies. Many of the previous studies only looked at the PROPER analysis with a Gap Analysis that was only administrative and procedural, so it was not in line with the PROPER value. In addition, there are still many CSR programs whose implementation is only charity, and does not produce an impact in the form of capacity building of the program recipient community. Therefore, this study combines the Gap Analysis method to see the suitability of the program with PROPER guidelines, then the Means-end Analysis method to capture problems that arise in the management and implementation process, and the Social Return On Investment (SROI) method to measure the monetary valuation of social impacts. provided by the program. The evaluation results show that the program has complied with the PROPER guidelines, but there are still some shortcomings that become gaps. In terms of impact, the program has also succeeded in having an impact with significant changes, but only partially for some beneficiaries. As for the impact value analysis, the magnitude of the monetary impact is 1.86 times greater than the value of the company's investment, the figure which tends to be small is caused by the impact which tends to be partial, intangible, due to the relatively limited capacity of the community. Overall, the results show that the program needs to pay attention to mapping impacts on stakeholders, especially in the community development aspect."

"Penyakit yang sering terjadi pada lingkungan pondok pesantren yaitu skabies. Penyakit ini di sebabkan oleh tungau Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis yang erat kaitannya dengan sanitasi kamar tidur dan personal hygiene santri di pondok pesantren. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan sanitasi kamar tidur dan personal hygiene santri dengan gejala skabies di Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Daar El Hasanah Kabupaten Serang Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan total sampel sebanyak 77 santri di pondok pesantren Daar El Hasanah. Uji statistik yang dilakukan adalah uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan 44.2% responden mengalami gejala skabies. Diketahui pula adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel kelembaban (p=0.001 OR=11.520), ventilasi (p=0.007 OR=4.156), penggunaan handuk (p=0.006 OR= 4.173), dan penggunaan pakaian (p=0.042 OR=2.923) terhadap gejala skabies. Sedangkan variabel suhu, kebersihan tempat tidur, mandi menggunakan sabun dan penggunaan alas kaki tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan terhadap gejala skabies.

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The disease that often occurs in Islamic boarding schools is scabies. This disease is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis which is closely related to bedroom sanitation and personal hygiene of students in Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to analyze the relationship between bedroom sanitation and personal hygiene of students with scabies symptoms at the Daar El Hasanah Islamic Boarding School Foundation, Serang Regency in 2021. This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 77 students at the Daar El Hasanah Islamic boarding school. The statistical test performed was the chi-square test. The results showed 44.2% of respondents experienced symptoms of scabies. It was also known that there was a significant relationship between the variables of humidity (p=0.001 OR=11.520), ventilation (p=0.007 OR=4.156), use of towels (p=0.006 OR= 4.173), and use of clothing (p=0.042 OR=2.923) on symptoms of scabies. Meanwhile, the variables of temperature, bed cleanliness, bathing using soap and using footwear had no significant relationship with the symptoms of scabies."

"Latar Belakang: Skabies merupakan penyakit yang dapat terjadi di mana saja, terutama di tempat padat penghuni, seperti pondok pesantren. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya skabies pada remaja adalah tingkat pengetahuan, perilaku, tinggal di tempat padat penghuni, dan hygiene yang buruk. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan personal hygiene, sanitasi lingkungan dan perilaku dengan kejadian skabies. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini merupakan kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh Santri SMP Putra dengan jumlah 96 Santri. Teknik sampel menggunakan total sampling, pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis data menggunakan univariat dan bivariat dengan analisis chi-square. Hasil: hasil penelitian menunjukan karakteristik usia di diketahui rerata usia santri adalah 13,61 tahun dengan hampir setengahnya santri kelas IX (45,8%). Sebagian besar dalam kategori iya (74,0%), pengetahuan tentang personal hygiene didapatkan setengahnya responden dalam kategori pengetahuan kurang (57,3%), pengetahuan tentang sanitasi lingkungan didapatkan sebagian besar dalam kategori pengetahuan kurang (58,3%), perilaku tentang personal hygiene didapatkan sebagian besar dalam kategori perilaku kurang (64,6%). Berdasarkan analisis bivariat menunjukan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan personal hygiene, pengetahuan sanitasi lingkungan, perilaku dengan kejadian skabies. Kesimpulan: pengetahuan personal hygiene, pengetahuan sanitasi lingkungan, perilaku terkait personal hygiene merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian skabies.

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Background: Scabies is a common disease that occurs in many places, such as Islamic boarding schools. Factors that cause scabies in adolescents are the level of knowledge, behavior, living in densely populated places, and poor hygiene. Objective: To determine the correlation between knowledge of personal hygiene, environmental sanitation and behavior with the incidence of scabies. Method: This type of research is a quantitative cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all male junior high school students with a total of 96 students. The sample technique used total sampling, data collection used a questionnaire and data analysis used univariate and bivariate with chi-square analysis. Results: The results showed that the age characteristics of the students were 13,61 with almost half of the students in class IX ( 45,8%). Most were in the yes category (74,0%), knowledge about personal hygiene was found by half of the respondents in the less knowledge category (57,3%), knowledge about environmental sanitation was obtained mostly in the less knowledge category (58,3%). about personal hygiene, most of them were in the less behavioral category about personal hygiene (64,6%). Based on bivariate analysis, it showed that there was a correlation between knowledge of personal hygiene, knowledge of environmental sanitation, behavior related to personal hygiene and the incidence of scabies Conclusion: knowledge of personal hygiene, knowledge of environmental sanitation, behavior related to personal hygiene are factors that influence the incidence of scabies."

"Program Studi Profesi Insinyur adalah program pendidikan tinggi setelah Program Sarjana untuk membentuk kompetensi keinsinyuran. Laporan Praktik Keinsinyuran ini dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat kelulusan dari progam ini. Laporan ini adalah gambaran dari kegiatan yang dilakukan penulis di sebuah Kapal Laut Bermuatan. Penulis ditugaskan untuk bertanggung jawab sebagai Project Leader dari Tim Denasti Consultant pada kelayakan khususnya dalam hal desain dan perencanaan proyek terkait Penerapan Sistem HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) & Rekomendasi Sistem Pelayanan Permakanan. Dari kegiatan tersebut, penulis memetakan dan mendapatkan kompetensi-kompetensi dari seorang Insinyur Profesional.

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The Professional Engineer Study Program is a higher education program after the Undergraduate Program to form engineering competencies. This Engineering Practice Report was prepared as one of the requirements for graduation from this program. This report describes the activities carried out by the author on Vessels (Loaded sea ship). The author was assigned to be responsible as Project Leader of the Denasti Consultant Team for feasibility, especially regarding project design and planning related to implementing the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) System & Food Services System (FSS) Recommendation. From these activities, the author wrote and obtained the competencies of a Professional Engineer."