Diare merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar kedua pada anak usia di bawah lima tahun, dimana 1 dari 9 balita di dunia meninggal diakibatkan oleh diare. WHO menyebutkan bahwa sekitar 80% kematian diare disebabkan oleh air yang tidak aman, sanitasi yang tidak memadai dan kebersihan yang tidak memadai, terutama di negara berkembang. Diare tetap menjadi masalah utama tetapi sebagian besar dapat dicegah. Air, sanitasi, dan kebersihan yang lebih baik dapat mencegah kematian 297.000 anak di bawah 5 tahun setiap tahunnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan faktor WASH (sumber air bersih, air minum, fasilitas sanitasi, pembuangan tinja anak, dan fasilitas cuci tangan) dan faktor host (ASI eksklusif dan imunisasi campak) terhadap kejadian diare pada balita di wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang (cross-sectional). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu data SDKI 2017. Hubungan antara variabel independen dengan dependen akan dilihat menggunakan uji statistik kai kuadrat (chi-square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor WASH dan host yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan diare balita di Indonesia, yaitu sumber air bersih (OR = 1,41), air minum (OR = 1,37), fasilitas sanitasi (OR = 1,39), pembuangan tinja anak (OR = 1,26), ASI eksklusif (OR = 1,68) dan imunisasi campak (OR = 1,19). Pada wilayah pedesaan, yaitu air minum (OR = 1,39), fasilitas sanitasi (OR = 1,19), dan ASI eksklusif (OR = 1,72) serta di wilayah perkotaan, yaitu sumber air bersih (OR = 1,69), fasilitas sanitasi (OR = 1,65), pembuangan tinja anak (OR = 1,30), dan ASI eksklusif (OR = 1,64). Diharapkan pemerintah untuk memperluas pedoman terkait diare balita yang disebabkan karena faktor WASH dan faktor host balita, untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat.

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Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, account for 1 in 9 child deaths worlwide. WHO states around 80% deaths from diarrhea are caused by unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and inadequate hygiene, especially in developing countries. Diarrhea remains a major problem but is largely preventable. Better water, sanitation, and hygiene could prevent the deaths of 297,000 children under five each year. This research aims to analyze the association between WASH risk factors (clean water sources, drinking water, sanitation facilities, disposal of children's feces, and hand washing facilities) and host factors (exclusive breastfeeding and measles immunization) on the prevalence of diarrhea among children under five in rural and urban areas in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional research design. The data used is secondary data, SDKI 2017. The association between independent and dependent variables will be test using the chi-square statistical test. The research results show, clean water sources (OR = 1.41), drinking water (OR = 1.37), sanitation facilities (OR = 1.39), disposal of children’s feces (OR = 1.26), exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 1.68) and measles immunization (OR = 1.19), were significantly associated with children under five diarrhea. In rural areas, drinking water (OR = 1.39), sanitation facilities (OR = 1.19), and exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 1.72), were significantly associated with children under five diarrhea, and in urban areas, clean water sources (OR = 1.69 ), sanitation facilities (OR = 1.65), disposal of children's feces (OR = 1.30), and exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 1.64), were significantly associated with children under five diarrhea. The knowledge findings from this study suggest government to expands guidelines regarding children under five diarrhea caused by WASH factor and host factors, to increase public awareness.