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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai asas keadilan dan kepastian hukum terhadap perlakuan PPh atas penghasilan dari usaha jasa konstruksi yang tidak memiliki sertifikasi usaha sebagaimana diatur dalam PP.51/2008. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pembedaan tarif PPh bagi penyedia jasa yang tidak bersertifikasi tidak memenuhi asas keadilan. Perbedaan tarif tersebut lebih didasarkan kepada perbedaan subjek pajaknya, bukan berdasarkan perbedaan kemampuan membayar. Selanjutnya, kepastian subjek, objek dan tarif pajak masih belum terpenuhi. Ketidakpastian subjek dan objek pajak terkait erat dengan ketidakpastian objek pajak, dimana tidak diatur secara tegas dan rinci mengenai pengertian dan ruang lingkup pekerjaan konstruksi yang menjadi objek pajak.

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This undergraduate thesis analyzes about equity and certainty principle on income tax treatment for uncertificated construction project?s income as regulated in GR.51/2008. This research is descriptive quantitative approach.The research result conclude that income-tax tariff differentiation for uncertificated service provider is not fulfilling the equity principle. The tariff differentiation is based on tax subject or service provider's certificate possession rather than their ability-topay. Furthermore, the tax subject, object, and tariff are still not fulfilling the certainty principle. Uncertainty of tax subject and tariff strongly related with uncertainty of tax object which is not clearly regulated in terms of its scope and definition of construction activity."

"Obligation Transaction Income Tax Policy Justice and Legal Certainty Principle ReviewA progressive obligation market expansion in Indonesia has made Government released Governmental Regulation Number 6 Year 2002 representing a law execution regulation. However, there have been still many issues not yet regulated resulting in confusion among taxpayers.Income accepted or taken from obligation transactions is one of incomes on a global taxation base. Thus, its is fair that income accepted or taken from obligation transactions combined with another incomes and taxable with a progressive rate. The main problem of this thesis is how should an obligation transaction income tax be regulated to make all economic ability additions accepted or taken from obligation transaction fairly taxable.This thesis is a descriptive analytic in type and data collection techniques used are (1) literature research including on various taxation regulations and another related documents and (2) field research using interviews with such related parties as tax administrator, tax consultant, and capital market administrator. Also, author has sent 10 (ten) questionnaires to taxpayers.Taxation policy of year 2002 has been inconsistent with Income Tax Law in cases of (1) deduction in final income tax (Pajak Penghasilan/PPh) on transaction value imposed only on transactions tradable and reportable to the stock exchange, has been inconsistent with global taxation and regulated no all transactions taking place in both primary market and secondary market, and guaranteed no a justice principle in tax imposition as well, (2) existence of tax exemption to certain taxpayers illustrating a chance for the taxpayers to conduct tax evasion, and (3) inexistence of premium income tax accepted or taken by taxpayers from obligation transactions.Therefore, it is suggested to make a comprehensive and consistent policy consistent with the one obeyed by Income Tax Law by taking the following tax imposition principles into consideration: (1) tax imposition, at the time of realization and implementation of global taxation, on all economic ability additions accepted or taken by taxpayers from obligation transactions, (2) equality in taxation treatment without differentiating type, source of party accepting income from those obligation transaction, and (3) reference of regulation concerning taxation on premium income accepted or taken by taxpayer from obligation transactions.xv + 145 + 5 tables + 2 pictures + 2 graphs + 3 appendices Bibliography: 40 books + 7 law and regulation + 5 journals/papers"

"Government needed more income to raise the national budget. They issued instruments to collect income from citizen through debt and foreign currency. Government released Governmental Bonds for domestic market, which sold in retail (ORI) and for international market in foreign currency. Government also presented a law execution regulation to give certainty for the consumers or the taxpayers.Governmental Regulation Number 6 which published in 2002 distinguished the tax procedure for the bonds which imposed only on transactions tradable and reportable to the stock exchange. Income derived or taken from obligation transaction should be based on a global taxation. While, for the international bonds were given the facilities by the government. We would assume that there was an inequality between the bonds for domestic market and for international market. In global taxation, we should not differentiate the income by the source.This research used a quantitative descriptive as the research method. The type and data collection techniques used (1) literature research including on various taxation regulations and another related documents and (2) field research using interviews with such related parties as tax academicians, government as issuer and regulator. They gave several opinion which created differences in equity perspective.Government figured the debt as the best instrument to raise government income. They considered that attracting foreign investor by giving them tax facility was necessary to raise the budget. They named their policy as their budgeting and regulating function. But, we should notice that domestic investor might think the inequality of the tax burden.Therefore, it was suggested to make a comprehensive and equal policy. Based on tax principle, that tax should be fair and equal. It became fair that tax imposed on the income earned from the same source (instrument) equally. If one of them was given the facility, so the other should be given the same facility."

"Jenis-jenis penghasilan tertentu yang diatur dalam Pasal 4 ayat (2) UU PPh 1984 telah berubah. Semula hanya penghasilan dari bunga deposito dan tabungan lainnya, kemudian menjadi empat macam jenis penghasilan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 4 ayat (2) UU PPh 1994. Keberadaan PPh final, sebagai tindak lanjut atas perubahan tersebut, dalam perkembangannya telah memberikan kesederhanaan baik bagi wajib pajak maupun bagi fiskus. Namun, pengertian kesederhanaan hanya berkaitan dengan kesederhanaan dalam sistem dan prosedur pembayaran atau pemotongan/pemungutan oleh pihak ketiga (witholding). Sedangkan kesederhanaan dalam arti undang-undang tidak demikian adanya. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan Direktur Pajak Penghasilan, Direktur Peraturan Perpajakan, Kepala Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Perusahaan Masuk Bursa, dan Wajib Pajak serta penelitian pada praktik yang sesungguhnya, dari segi asas keadilan (equality), PPh final ini sangat tidak adil karena keadilan mensyaratkan terhadap Wajib Pajak yang mempunyai kemampuan ekonomis yang sama dikenakan pajak yang sama dan terhadap Wajib Pajak yang berbeda kemampuan ekonomisnya dikenakan pajak yang berbeda setara dengan perbedaan tersebut. Akan tetapi, sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi rasa ketidakadilan, peraturan pemerintah telah memberikan pilihan kepada wajib pajak untuk tetap memilih menggunakan tarif umum PPh (tarif Pasal 17 UU PPh) jika wajib pajak tidak menggunakan kemudahan yang diatur dalam peraturan pemerintah. Kemudahan PPh final bagi wajib pajak adalah wajib pajak tidak perlu menggabungkan penghasilan yang telah dikenakan PPh final dengan penghasilan lainnnya, dan juga wajib pajak tidak perlu menghitung berapa keuntungan yang diperolehnya. Akan tetapi, wajib pajak tetap mempunyai kewajiban melaporkannya dalam SPT Tahunan. Sedangkan bagi fiskus, kemudahan ini wujud dalam pelaksanaan dan pengawasannya."

"Dalam era globalisasi saat ini telah terjadi transformasi global yang digerakan oleh dua kekuatan besar, yaitu teknologi dan perdagangan. Proses transformasi tersebut berjalan dengan sangat cepat. Dibutuhkan suatu sarana penting untuk menunjang dinamika tersebut diantaranya sarana transporasi yang efisien, yaitu pesawat terbang. Awal industri penerbangan di Indonesia terjadi sekitar tahun 1949. Indonesia menjalin kerjasama dengan Pemerintah Hindia Belanda dengan mendirikan maskapai PT Garuda Indonesia Airways (GIA). Dengan berdirinya maskapai penerbangan nasional ini mendorong industri penerbangan dalam negeri dengan berdirinya maskapai-maskapai penerbangan lain.Munculnya perusahaan penerbangan nasional membuka celah masuknya perusahaan penerbangan asing ke Indonesia. Perusahaan penerbangan asing tersebut dalam mengembangkan usahanya dengan mendirikan cabang. Berdasarkan ketentuan Treaty ataupun Undang-Undang Domestik pendirian cabang tersebut dikukuhkan sebagai Bentuk Usaha Tetap (BUT). Tidak seperti pada ketentuan umunmya, BUT atas perusahaan penerbangan asing tidak dijadikan sebagai ambang batas pemajakan. Pemberian hak pemajakan secara ekslusif diberikan pada pusat efektif manajemen.Pokok permasalahan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah upaya yang perlu dilakukan agar perusahaan penerbangan asing di Indonesia dapat memenuhi hak dan kewajiban perpajakannya dengan baik. Hal ini terkait karena pengoperasian pesawat terbang mempunyai karakteristik yang bersifat khusus, sehingga pengenaan pajaknya pun bersifat khusus. 0leh karena itu, pemahaman atas pengoperasian perusahaan penerbangan secara cermat dan komnprehensif perlu dilakukan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Deskriptif Analitis. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara dengan pihak-pihak yang terkait seperti: pejabat dan petugas pajak, konsultan pajak, wajib pajak dan IATA. Penelitian ini juga didukung dengan studi literatur guna mendapatkan teori dan peraturan yang tepat untuk mendukung penelitian ini. Adapun literatur yang diteliti scperti: karya ilmiah dan peraturan perpajakan berdasarkan Ketentuan Domestik maupun dalam Tax Treaty.Berdasarkan penelitian di KPP Badora I dan II ditemukan data bahwa dalam pemenuhan kewajiban pei-pajakan yang dilakukan oleh Wajib Pajak (WP) perusahaan penerbangan asing sudah baik. Hal ini disebabkan pada umumnya WP tersebut didampingi oleh konsultan. Tetapi dalam masalah pemahaman dan sosialisasi peraturan masih kurang. Sehingga sering timbul dispute antara petugas dan wajib pajak. Sampai saat ini pihak KPP Badora belum pernah melakukan sosialisasi secara rutin. Masalah ekstensitikasi dan Intensifikasi Wajib Pajak juga belum dioptimalkan.Berdasarkan analisa yang dilakukan, proses sosialisasi, ekstentifikasi dan intensitikasi pajak perlu dilakukan. Sosialiasi ditujukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman WP dan petugas pajak. Masih banyaknya perusahaan penerbangan asing yang belum terdatar merupakan alasan mengapa diperlukan proses ekstensifikasi pajak. Proses ekstensifkasi ini terutama ditekankan pada negara non treaty partner. Proses Intensifikasi berhubungan erat dengan infotmasi peredaran bruto dan pembukuan. karena pengenaan pajak berdasarkan undang-undang domestik menggunakan norma, petugas pajak mempunyai kesulitan untuk tnengidentifikasi jenis -jenis penghasilan lebih lanjut.Oleh karena itu disarankan agar proses sosialisasi dilakukan secara inlensif baik di kalangan petugas pajak dan wajib pajak. Upaya tersebut misalnya dengan menjalin kerja sama dengan asosiasi penerbangan internasional (IATA). Fasilitas dalam treaty yang berhubungan dengan pertukaran infotmasi hendaknya dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung proses intensifikasi pengenaan pajak.

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In the current era or global, there has peen a global transformation instigated by two large forces. Namely technology and trade, such transformation process is taking place rapidly. Important facilities are required to support such dynamic, arming other things efficient means of transportation such as airplanes. Airline industry Indonesia dates back to 1949. Indonesia engaged in cooperation with the Government of Netherlands East Indies by establishing PT Garuda Indonesia Airways (GIA). The establishment of this national airline spurred the growth of domestic air transportation industry, as indicated by the establishment of outer- airlines.The establishment of national airlines has opened the gate lot the entry of forcign airlines to Indonesia. Those foreign airlines develop their businesses by opening branch offices. Pursuant to the provisions of Treaty or Domestic Laws, such newly opened branch offices should be confirmed as Permanent Establishments (PE). Not with standing the general rules. PE of foreign airlines is not functioning as taxation threshold. Such exclusive taxation right is granted to effective management centers.The maim topic of this thesis is the efforts that need to be made for the proper fulfillment of the tax rights and obligations by foreign airliners. This is because the operation of airplanes has specific characteristics so as to require special taxation. Therefore, careful and comprehensive understanding of airline operations is required.This research employed Analytical (Descriptive method. The research instrument used was interview with the relevant panics. Such as: tax officials and officers. Tax consultants, taxpayers and IATA. This research was also supported by literary study in order to obtain the correct theories and regulations to support this research. Whereas the literature used in this research include scientific works and tax regulations, based on Domestic Regulations and Tax Treaties.The research conducted at Tax Service Office For Foreign Entities and Individuals (KPI Badora) I and II reveals sonic data that foreign airline Taxpayers have appropriately fulfilled their tax obligations. This is because consultants generally assist them. However, there is still lack of understanding and socialization of regulations. Accordingly, there are disputes between the officers and the taxpayers. Thus Tar. KPP Badora has never performed routine dissemination of information. The issues of enlarge and intensification of Taxpayers have not also been optimized.Based on the analysis, it is necessary to perform tax socialization, enlarge and intensification. Socialization is aimed at improving the comprehension of taxpayers and tax officers. The large number of foreign airlines that have not been registered is the reason why lax enlarge process is required. Such enlarge process should be focused mainly on non-treaty partner countries. Intensification process is closely related to information on gross turnover and bookkeeping. Since taxation based on domestic laws is subject to norms, tax officers face difficulties in further identifying the types of revenues.Therefore, it is recommended that the socialization process be performed intensively, both on tax officers and taxpayers. Such effort can be made, for instance, by engaging in cooperation with the international air transport association (IATA). Facilities provided in treaties related to exchange of information should be used for supporting the taxation intensification process."