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"Transisi demografi di Indonesia mengubah struktur umur penduduk yang menua. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk lansia di Indonesia berpotensi besar terhadap permasalahan kesehatan mental, salah satunya Penyakit Demensia. Demensia merupakan stadium akhir dari kemunduran fungsi kognitif, yang sebelumnya diawali dari mudah lupa dan gangguan kognitif ringan MCI . Penelitian sebelumnya di negara lain menunjukkan bahwa salah satu faktor risiko penurunan fungsi kognitif yang dapat dimodifikasi adalah keterlibatan sosial. Namun, penelitian mengenai pengaruh keterlibatan sosial pada konteks negara berkembang khususnya di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini mengukur pengaruh keterlibatan sosial terhadap fungsi kognitif dari 228.216 orang lansia di Indonesia berdasarkan data SUPAS 2015. Keterlibatan sosial lansia diukur melalui kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan, mengasuh cucu, dan pasangan hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi multinomial logit. Umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, gangguan penglihatan, gangguan pendengaran, aktivitas fisik, dan aktivitas kognitif digunakan sebagai variabel kontrol. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa keterlibatan sosial lansia berpengaruh terhadap fungsi kognitif pada lansia di Indonesia. Partisipasi lansia dalam aktivitas sosial kemasyarakatan, mengasuh cucu dan keberadaan pasangan hidup dapat mengurangi risiko gangguan fungsi kognitif MCI dan Demensia pada lansia di Indonesia.

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Demographic transition in Indonesia changes the age structure of ageing population. Increasing number of elderly population in Indonesia has big potential to mental health problem, one of them is Dementia Disease. Dementia is the final stage of cognitive decline, preceded by forgetfulness and mild cognitive impairment MCI . Evidence from previous studies in other countries suggests that one potential modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline may be social engagement. However, research that identifies the modifiable risk factors in the context of developing countries, especially in Indonesia is still scarce.

This study analyses the influence of social engagement on cognitive function of 228.216 elderly people in Indonesia from SUPAS 2015. Social engagement is measured through social activities, looking after grandchildren, and the presence of a spouse. This study uses the multinomial logistic regression method. Age, sex, education, visual impairment, hearing loss, physical and cognitive activity are used as covariates. The results suggest that social engagement influences cognitive function of elderly in Indonesia. Participation in social activities, looking after grandchildren and the presence of spouses can reduce the risk of cognitive decline, both MCI and dementia, in the elderly in Indonesia."

"Sejak perang dunia II Jerman menerapkan konsep Pasar Ekonomi Sosial .Tujuannya adalah untuk mengambil manfaat berupa efisiensi dari sistem Pasar Ekonomi Liberal yang memberikan kebebasan kepada masing-masing individu .Secara prisip ,konsepnya berlandaskan kesetaraan dalam hal kesempatan untuk hidup serta perlindungan terhadap politik, sipil , ekonomi budaya dan sosial masyarakat. Untuk itu dibutuhkan peran serta aktif pemerintah. Di sisi lain, sistem Ekonomi Pasar Bebas lebih mementingkan perlindungan individu yang disertai dengan peran serta pemerintah yang minimal dan kebebasan pasar.Paradigma antara paham Pasar Bebas dan Pasar Ekonomi Sosial tidak hanya menjadi diskusi dan perdebatab hangat oleh masyarakat internasional di era globalisasi ini, bahkan di Jerman sendiri yang menjalankan konsep Pasar Ekonomi Sosial. Tulisan ini membahas tentang model Pasar Ekonomi Sosial yang dijalan di Jerman. Pertama-tama -di paparkan konsep dasar yang berlandaskan hak asasi dan keadilan serta perkembangannya selama ini. Selanjutnya dijabrkan peran pemerintah beserta instrumen-instrumennya. Agar mudah di pahami,konsep ini oleh dibandingkan dengan konsep Ekonomi Pasar Bebas.Pembahsan berikutnya ,dikupas tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi oleh konsep ini. Pada penutup tulisan,penulis mempertanyakan apakah sistem ekonomi yanh dijalankan saat ini di Jerman masih cocok dan relevan serta menjadi pilihan tepat dalam era perekonomian sekarang ini?"

"Internationalist socialism and ethnic nationalism are usually thought of as polar opposites. But for the millions of men and women who made Social Democracy into twentieth century Europes most potent political force, they were often mutually reinforcing. This book explains this apparent paradox by looking at the history of the Social Democratic workers movement in Habsburg Austria, which was built on the mobilization of German and Czech workers in the Empires rapidly industrializing regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Lower Austria. Jakub Benes takes the history of socialism out of the realm of theoretical and parliamentary debates and into the streets, city squares, pubs, and clubs of a vibrant but precarious multiethnic society. He reveals how ordinary workers became increasingly nationalist as they came to believe that they were the genuine representatives of their ethnically defined national communities. Their successful campaign to democratize parliamentary elections in 1905. It also split Social Democracy apart by 1911. Then, during the First World War, many Czech and German workers embraced revolutionary radicalism, alienating them from the regime friendly socialist leadership. Benes is study is the first to show the profound connection between major political events and the rich culture of the Austrian workers movement, revealing this cultures utopian and quasi-religious tendencies as well as its left-wing populist nationalism. Based on research in eight archives and numerous libraries in Prague, Vienna, and Brno, this book fundamentally rethinks the relationship between socialism, nationalism, and democracy in modern Europe."