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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai asas keadilan dan kepastian hukum terhadap perlakuan PPh atas penghasilan dari usaha jasa konstruksi yang tidak memiliki sertifikasi usaha sebagaimana diatur dalam PP.51/2008. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pembedaan tarif PPh bagi penyedia jasa yang tidak bersertifikasi tidak memenuhi asas keadilan. Perbedaan tarif tersebut lebih didasarkan kepada perbedaan subjek pajaknya, bukan berdasarkan perbedaan kemampuan membayar. Selanjutnya, kepastian subjek, objek dan tarif pajak masih belum terpenuhi. Ketidakpastian subjek dan objek pajak terkait erat dengan ketidakpastian objek pajak, dimana tidak diatur secara tegas dan rinci mengenai pengertian dan ruang lingkup pekerjaan konstruksi yang menjadi objek pajak.

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This undergraduate thesis analyzes about equity and certainty principle on income tax treatment for uncertificated construction project?s income as regulated in GR.51/2008. This research is descriptive quantitative approach.The research result conclude that income-tax tariff differentiation for uncertificated service provider is not fulfilling the equity principle. The tariff differentiation is based on tax subject or service provider's certificate possession rather than their ability-topay. Furthermore, the tax subject, object, and tariff are still not fulfilling the certainty principle. Uncertainty of tax subject and tariff strongly related with uncertainty of tax object which is not clearly regulated in terms of its scope and definition of construction activity."

"Obligation Transaction Income Tax Policy Justice and Legal Certainty Principle ReviewA progressive obligation market expansion in Indonesia has made Government released Governmental Regulation Number 6 Year 2002 representing a law execution regulation. However, there have been still many issues not yet regulated resulting in confusion among taxpayers.Income accepted or taken from obligation transactions is one of incomes on a global taxation base. Thus, its is fair that income accepted or taken from obligation transactions combined with another incomes and taxable with a progressive rate. The main problem of this thesis is how should an obligation transaction income tax be regulated to make all economic ability additions accepted or taken from obligation transaction fairly taxable.This thesis is a descriptive analytic in type and data collection techniques used are (1) literature research including on various taxation regulations and another related documents and (2) field research using interviews with such related parties as tax administrator, tax consultant, and capital market administrator. Also, author has sent 10 (ten) questionnaires to taxpayers.Taxation policy of year 2002 has been inconsistent with Income Tax Law in cases of (1) deduction in final income tax (Pajak Penghasilan/PPh) on transaction value imposed only on transactions tradable and reportable to the stock exchange, has been inconsistent with global taxation and regulated no all transactions taking place in both primary market and secondary market, and guaranteed no a justice principle in tax imposition as well, (2) existence of tax exemption to certain taxpayers illustrating a chance for the taxpayers to conduct tax evasion, and (3) inexistence of premium income tax accepted or taken by taxpayers from obligation transactions.Therefore, it is suggested to make a comprehensive and consistent policy consistent with the one obeyed by Income Tax Law by taking the following tax imposition principles into consideration: (1) tax imposition, at the time of realization and implementation of global taxation, on all economic ability additions accepted or taken by taxpayers from obligation transactions, (2) equality in taxation treatment without differentiating type, source of party accepting income from those obligation transaction, and (3) reference of regulation concerning taxation on premium income accepted or taken by taxpayer from obligation transactions.xv + 145 + 5 tables + 2 pictures + 2 graphs + 3 appendices Bibliography: 40 books + 7 law and regulation + 5 journals/papers"

"Untuk menggali penerimaan pajak dari sektor usaha jasa konstruksi maka pemerintah mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Pajak Penghasilan Atas Penghasilan Dari. Usaha Jasa Konstruksi dan Jasa Konsultan. Mengacu pada sasaran pembaharuan sistem perpajakan nasional, maka setiap ketentuan perpajakan harus memperhatikan aspek keadilan serta jaminan atas kepastian hukum dalam pemungutan pajak. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis apakah ketentuan tersebut telah tepat ditinjau dad azas-azas perpajakan yang baik terutama aspek keadilan dalam pembebanan pajak, kepastian hukum, kesederhanaan pemungutan, serta kekuatan dan keabsahan dasar hukum pemungutan pajak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode .deskriptif analitis mencakup analisis teoritis melalui studi kepustakaan dan pendapat beberapa pakar perpajakan serta analisis empiris atas kasus-kasus di lapangan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Peraturan Pemerintah yang mengenakan PPh Final atas penghasilan dari usaha jasa konstruksi kurang mencerminkan azas keadilan, baik keadilan horizontal yang menekankan bahwa semua orang yang mempunyai penghasilan sama harus membayar pajak dalam jumlah sama maupun keadilan vertikal yang mewajibkan pajak yang semakin besar selaras dengan semakin besarnya kemampuan yang bersangkutan untuk membayar pajak. Selain itu terdapat beberapa hal yang menyangkut ketidakpastian termasuk pengertian jasa konstruksi sehingga menimbulkan perbedaan interpretasi dalam pelaksanaannya. Di sisi lain, Peraturan Pemerintah tersebut telah mempunyai landasan hukum yang sah yaitu Undangundang (UU). Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah terlalu luasnya wewenang yang diberikan oleh UU sehingga dengan Peraturan Pemerintah dapat diatur tarif pajak tersendiri atas segala jenis penghasilan yang berbeda dari ketentuan UU itu sendiri. Hal ini menyimpang dari Undang-undang Dasar 1945 yang menetapkan bahwa segala pajak harus berdasarkan UU. Menerapkan kembali tarif umum yang progresif dan tidak final lebih mencerminkan keadilan. Akuntansi Keuangan sangat memudahkan penetapan penghasilan neto usaha jasa konstruksi sehingga secara teknis pembukuan tidak terdapat masalah. Selanjutnya perlu ditinjau kembali ketentuan dalam UU yang memberi wewenang terlalu besar kepada Peraturan Pemerintah untuk mengatur tersendiri perlakuan PPh atas jenis-jenis penghasilan tertentu."

"Penelitian ini membahas objek pemotongan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) atas jasa konstruksi ditinjau dari asas kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini mengangkat dua permasalahan, yakni perbedaan pemajakan atas penghasilan dari jasa konstruksi yang bersifat final dan tidak final dan dampak perbedaan pemotongan PPh atas jasa konstruksi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat pemajakan ganda atas penghasilan dari jasa konstruksi yang memiliki sifat pemajakan yang berbeda. Perbedaan pemotongan PPh atas jasa konstruksi yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan menimbulkan keraguan dalam pelaksanaannya.

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This study discusses the object of withholding income tax (PPh) on construction service seen from certainty principle. This research raised two issues, namely the differences of global taxation and schedular taxation on construction service fee and the impact of the different from withholding income tax on construction service. This research using qualitative approach with desciriptive design.

This research states that there is double taxation on construction service fee wich have different characteristic in withholding income tax. The different characteristic in withholding income tax on construction service in Indonesia Income Tax Law appear the ambiguous tax in its implementation."

"Government needed more income to raise the national budget. They issued instruments to collect income from citizen through debt and foreign currency. Government released Governmental Bonds for domestic market, which sold in retail (ORI) and for international market in foreign currency. Government also presented a law execution regulation to give certainty for the consumers or the taxpayers.Governmental Regulation Number 6 which published in 2002 distinguished the tax procedure for the bonds which imposed only on transactions tradable and reportable to the stock exchange. Income derived or taken from obligation transaction should be based on a global taxation. While, for the international bonds were given the facilities by the government. We would assume that there was an inequality between the bonds for domestic market and for international market. In global taxation, we should not differentiate the income by the source.This research used a quantitative descriptive as the research method. The type and data collection techniques used (1) literature research including on various taxation regulations and another related documents and (2) field research using interviews with such related parties as tax academicians, government as issuer and regulator. They gave several opinion which created differences in equity perspective.Government figured the debt as the best instrument to raise government income. They considered that attracting foreign investor by giving them tax facility was necessary to raise the budget. They named their policy as their budgeting and regulating function. But, we should notice that domestic investor might think the inequality of the tax burden.Therefore, it was suggested to make a comprehensive and equal policy. Based on tax principle, that tax should be fair and equal. It became fair that tax imposed on the income earned from the same source (instrument) equally. If one of them was given the facility, so the other should be given the same facility."

"Era globalisasi melanda dunia, termasuk Indonesia, menyebabkan tidak dapat lagi membendung masuknya perusahaan konstruksi asing yang secara langsung menangani proyek-proyek konstruksi di Indonesia. Pengerjaan proyek konstruksi yang ditangani secara langsung oleh perusahaan kontruksi asing ini dapat menimbulkan Bentuk Usaha Tetap (BUT). Pajak atas penghasilan WP Badan BUT usaha jasa konstruksi cukup besar jumlahnya dan masih dapat ditingkatkan penerimaannya. Peningkatan penerimaan pajak atas penghasilan WP Badan BUT usaha jasa konstruksi secara optimal meliputi juga peraturan perpajakan yang memenuhi azas-azas perpajakan. Peraturan perpajakan yang balk adalah peraturan yang memenuhi azas-azas perpajakan. Menurut Adam Smith terdapat 4 azas-azas perpajakan, yaitu equity (keadilan), certainty (kepastian hukum), convenience of payment, dan economy in collection. Pokok permasalahan yang akan ditulis dalam tesis adalah berkenaan dengan pemenuhan azas-azas perpajakan keadilan dan kepastian hukum dalam peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku terhadap pengenaan pajak atas penghasilan WP Badan BUT usaha jasa konstruksi.Tipe penelitian yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah deskriftif analitis, dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penulis akan menguraikan mengenai pengertian-pengertian pajak penghasilan atas BUT usaha jasa konstruksi serta perlakuan pengenaan pajak penghasilan atas BUT usaha jasa konstruksi, dan akan diuraikan pendapat para ahli berkenaan dengan pengenaan pajak penghasilan atas BUT usaha jasa konstruksi. Sesudah mendeskripsikan berbagai hal yang relevan, selanjutnya penulis akan melakukan analisis atas data-data guna memecahkan pokok permasalahan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian. Pengumpulan data utama dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pejabat Direktorat Jenderal Pajak yang merumuskan kebijakan perpajakan, Konsultan Pajak, dan WP Badan BUT usaha jasa konstruksi. Penulis juga menggunakan questionnaire sebagai pecengkap data utama. Ketentuan perpajakan yang mengatur tentang pengenaan pajak penghasilan atas penghasilan WP Badan BUT usaha jasa konstruksi yang berlaku mulai 01 Januari 1984 s.d. sekarang dapat dibagi dalam 3 periode; yaitu periode pertama mulai 01 Januari 1984 s.d. 31 Desember 1996 dikenakan ketentuan PPh Non-Final, periode kedua mulai 01 Januari 1997 s.d. 31 Desember 2000 dikenakan PPh Final, dan periode ketiga mulai 01 Januari 2001 s.d. sekarang dikenakan PPh Non-Final dengan tidak mengakui kompensasi kerugian terhadap penghasilan kena pajak 2001 dan seterusnya.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku dalam menghitung pajak atas penghasilan WP Badan BUT usaha jasa konstruksi dalam periode 01 Januari 1984 s.d. 31 Desember 1996 memenuhi azas keadilan dan kepastian hukum; periode 01 Januari 1997 s.d. 31 Desember 2000 memenuhi sebagian azas keadilan dan tidak memenuhi azas kepastian hukum; dan periode 01 Januari 2001 s.d. sekarang memenuhi sebagian azas keadilan dan tidak memenuhi azas kepastian hukum. Berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut, penulis menyarankan sebagai berikut :1. mempertahankan definisi penghasilan yang terdapat dalam pasal 4 ayat (1) UU PPh Nomor 7 tahun 1983, Nomor 7 tahun 1991, Nomor 10 tahun 1994, dan Nomor 17 tahun 2000;2. membatalkan diberlakukannya ketentuan perpajakan PPh Final, yaitu Pasal 4 ayat (2) UU PPh Nomor 7 tahun 1983, Nomor 7 tahun 1991, Nomor 10 tahun 1994, dan Nomor 17 tahun 2000; Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 73 tahun 1996 tanggal 20 Desember 1996 tentang Pajak Penghasilan atas Penghasilan dari Usaha Jasa Konstruksi dan Jasa Konsultan; dan peraturan pelaksanaannya Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor : 7041KMKIKMK.0411996 tanggal 26 Desember 1996 tentang Pajak Penghasilan atas Penghasilan dari Usaha Jasa Konstruksi dan Jasa Konsultan, dan Surat Edaran Direktur Jenderal Pajak Nomor : SE-421PJ.0411996 tanggai 31 Desember 1996 tentang Pajak Penghasilan atas Penghasilan dari Usaha Jasa Konstruksi dan Jasa Konsultan; dan digantikan dengan ketentuan perpajakan PPh Final ;3. meninjau kembali (inencabut) pasal 5 Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor :5591KMK.0412000 yang menyatakan kerugian fiskal tidak bolehdikompensasikan dengan penghasilan kena pajak mulai masa 01 Januari2001 dan seterusnya; dan4. Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pajak Nomor : KEP-961PJ.12001 tanggal 07 Pebruari 2001 yang berlaku mulai 07 Pebruari 2001, dalam rangka memenuhi kepastian hukum, agar diberlakukan mulai 01 Januari 2001.

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Globalization knock over world, including Indonesia, causing cannot against barricade entry of the foreign construction company which is directly handle project of construction in Indonesia. Workmanship of project of construction handled directly by company of this foreign construction can generate Permanent Establishment. Tax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income is big enough and it still can be raised. The raises of acceptance of income tax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company?s income cover also regulation of taxation fulfilling taxation principality. According to Adam Smith of there are 4 taxation principality, that is equity, certainty, convenience of payment, and economy in collection. Fundamental Problems to be written in this thesis is the accomplishment of principality of taxation of equity and certainty of law in regulation of taxation for calculating income tax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income.

Type of research used in this thesis Is analytical descriptive, and type of research used in this thesis is qualitative research. Writer will elaborate to hit congeniality of income lax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income and also treatment of imposition of income tax Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income, and will be described the opinion of all expert with reference to imposition of income tax Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income. Hereafter describe of relevant matters, hereinafter the writer will do analysis data that utilized to solve fundamental of problems obtained in research. Primary data is collected through circumstantial interview with functionary on Tax General Directorate that foal mutating taxation policy, Tax Consultant, and Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company. Writer also use questionnaire as supplementary of primary data. Taxation rule arranging about imposition of income tax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income start 01 Januari 1984 s.d. now can divided into 3 period : the first period start 01 January 1984 s.d. 31 December 1996 imposed by Non-Final Income Tax, second period start 01 January 1997 s.d. 31 December 2000 is imposed by Final Income Tax, and third period start 01 January 2001 s.d. is now imposed by Non-Final Income Tax with exception cannot loss compensate the loss to taxable income at 2001 and so on.

Result of research conclude that taxation regulation for calculating income tax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income in period 01 January 1984 until 31 December 1996 is fulfilling equity and certainty principality; period 01 Januari 1997 until 31 December 2000 menu of some of justice principality and do not fulfill rule of certainty principality; and period 01 Januari 2001 until now menu of some of equity principality and do not fulfill certainty principality. Pursuant to the conclusion, writer suggests the following:

1. maintaining definition of Income which is there are in Article 4 (1) UU Income Tax Number 7 year 1983, Number 7 Year 1991, Number 10 year 1994, and Number 17 year 2000;

2. canceling the rule of taxation Final Income Tax, that is Governmental Regulation ()i number 73 year 1996 date of 20 December 1996 about Income Tax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services, and number : 7041KMKIKMK.0411996 date of 26 December 1996 about Income Tax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income, and Handbill of Tax General Director number : SE-421PJ.0411996 date 31 December 1995 about Income Tax on Permanent Establishment Construction Services Company's income; and replaced with ruie of taxation of Non Final Income Tax ;

3. revising ( abstracting ) aril clie 5 Finance Ministr ial Decree number : 559/KMK.04120G0 expressing fiscal loss may not compensated with taxable income in periode 01 Januari 2001 and so on ; and

4. Tax General Director Decision number : KEF-961PJ.12001 date 07 Pthruari 2001 going into effect to start 07 :'ebruari 2001, in order to fulfilling rule of law, is in order to gone into effect to by start 01 Januari 2001."