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"The last amendement of the Indonesia Income Tax Law is referred to as Law Number 17 of 2000 as the amendement of the Law Number 10 of 1994 Concerning Income Tax.One important amendement is Article 17 paragraph (1) which is concerning the Corporate Income Tax Rate. in the article it is regulated income tax brackets and marginal income tax rate. Corporate income tax levied on taxable income brackets such as regulated in the stipulation is related to the corporate income tax rates. The results from application of the article is being tax owed of the tax payer, which in the other hand is being portion of national revenue. By which, the essence of the research is to identify the effect of the change in corporate income tax rate on the annual investment level and national income accepted from the corporate taxpayer.Amendement of tax rate causes the changes on owed tax amount and results cash savings as an element of business liquidity that can be use for funding its operation and investment activities.The back ground problems presented in the research raising three brief questions. The first question, what changes in the tax rate. The second, is the rate amendement inifluence investment level, and the third, is the amendement of tax rate inlfluences national revenue from Corporate Income Tax of PT Antam.To answer the questions, it is performed a set of research by using the secondary data published by PT Antam. PT Antam is a state owned corporation domiciled in Jakarta, and engaged in mining.A part of the applied data is quantitative in nature and the others are qulitatives. For gathering data it is used methods of library research. In general, the available data is analized by using descriptive method.Referring to the topic and variables of the research, the applied secondary data consists of investment data and corporate tax payments from 1997 to 2004. From the library research also gathered the relevant. theoritical back ground supporting the reseach analyses.Theoretically, the people normally refer investment as the purchase of common stocks or bonds. Economist refers the purchase of new physical assets - purchases that add to aggregate demand as investment. Income taxes are percentage applied on the taxable income. In general, by lowering tax rates workers have a greater incentive to work, investors have a greater incentive to invest, and business have incentive to produce. Economist believes, in the short run, incentive effects are relatively weak, but, in the long run, they can be important. While national income is an amount of fund receipt by the state from any sources such as income taxes.From the analizes it is founded three conclusions that (1) within the amendement of corporate income tax from Law Number 10/1984 to become Law Number 17/2000 concerning Income Tax, the amendement refering with taxable income brackets only, but not in marginal income tax rate. After the amendement there are still three level of income tax rate available; namely 10%, 15% and 30%; (2) The amendement of Corporate Income Taxes Rate did not influence investment level at the PT Antam. Unless investment level indicates increasing from year to year, the amounts are not proportional with the annual income tax saving as a result from the application of the new income tax rates. Most decisions to enforce investment at the PT Antam is influenced by commercial cosiderations. Investments are intended to explore the available mineral resouces based on the profit expectations, and (3) Theoritically, the amendement of Corprorate Income Tax Rate influences national revenue from income Tax. Income Tax is based on a percentage of the taxable income.When corporate income tax decreased, at the PT Antam the annual tax payments fluctuate unlinear with the changes in tax rates. According to the data analyses, the tax payable besides influenced by tax rates also influenced by the level of taxable income. While taxable income influenced by the changes in volume of sales, unit prices, exchange rates, expenses, as well as profits as derivative of the increasing in annual investments.Based on the preceeding conclusions, it is recomended in amendement of tax law that the government authorities preferable putting attention (1) on the significance of decreasing tax payable as a result of corporate income taxes rate decreasing, (2) on performing deep research before the goverment planning the amendment to decrease tax rates to ascertain that the tax rate decreasing stimulate the increasing of corporate tax payers investment, and (3) for not to be ultra pesimistics concerning the tax rate decreasing as long as based on the best design to reach the increasing of investment."

"DPR akhirnya mensahkan RUU Perpajakan. UU No. 36 Tahun 2008 merupakan peubahan ke empat dari UU No. 7 tahun 1983, yang akan berlaku sejak Tahun Fiskal 2009. Salah satu perubahan yang paling penting ialah Pasal 17 ayat 1, yaitu Perubahan Tarif PPH Badan menjadi Tarif Tunggal sebesar 28 % terhadap Badan dan Badan Usaha Tetap. Banyak yang mendukung PPh Badan Tarif Tunggal ini yang akan membuat tarif PPh kita lebih kompetitif dalam menjaring investor. Pemerintah optimis bahwa Undang-Undang PPh yang baru akan meningkatkan daya saing karena Undang-Undang ini menawarkan banyak fasilitas untuk menciptakan suatu iklim yang kondusif bagi investasi. Perumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penilitian ini adalah pertama, apa yang menjadi latar belakang perubahan tarif PPh Badan menjadi tarif tunggal, kedua,Apakah pengaruh tarif tunggal ini terhadap investasi, dan ketiga Apa pengaruh perubahan tarif ini terhadap investasi dan penerimaan negara dari sektor perpajakan.Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini penelitian ini menggunakan data baik kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, data tersebut diambil dari hasil wawancara dan metode kepustakaan dengan beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan topik. Cara dan Metode Pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah Metode Kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Secara teoritis penerapan Tarif Flat ini memang akan mempengaruh besarnya penerimaan negara tetapi pada teori nya tarif ini juga akan meningkatkan penerimaan negara secara agregat pada masa yang akan datang. Secara umum dengan menurunkan tarif pajak pekerja akan mendapat insentif yang besar untuk bekerja, investor juga akan mendapatkan kesempatan besar juga untuk menginvestasikan modalnya dan produsen akan banyak meproduksi juga.Para ekonom menjelaskan bahwa dalam jangka pendek efek dari fasilitas ini memang kecil, tetapi untuk jangka waktu panjang akan berpengaruh. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah pertama latar belakang dari perubahan tarif ini adalah untuk membuat Indonesia bersaing dengan negaranegara tetangga dalam menarik investasi asing sehingga jumlah wajib pajak badan baik yang berstatus perusahaan penanaman modal asing atau bentuk usaha tetap dari unit usaha luar negeri terus meningkat. Kedua pengaruh penurunan tarif ini terhadap minat investasi ialah sangat kecil pengaruhnya karena pertimbangan seorang investor untuk melakukan sebuah investasi di Indonesia tidak hanya berdasarkan tarif pajak yang berlaku. Pajak hanya merupakan sebuah insentif bagi seorang investor karena semakin kecilnya pajak maka margin keuntungan yang diterimanya akan semakin besar.Tarif pajak yang kompetitif memang tetap akan menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi investor yang akan menginvestasikan modalnya. Dan ketiga pengaruh investasi tersebut bagi penerimaan pajak ialah memang di prediksikan akan ada potential lost yang cukup signifikan, tetapi kebijakan penurunan tarif ini (tax cut) secara teoritis diproyeksikan dalam jangka panjang tidak akan menurunkan penerimaan negara secara aggregate, bahkan sebaliknya.Saran untuk mendukung perubahan tarif ini ialah sebaiknya penetapan tarif tunggal ini dapat memberikan insentif yang atraktif tetapi tarif ini belum ,apalagi jika melihat kondisi negara-negara regional yang cenderung telah menurunkan tarifnya. Oleh karena itu pemerintah perlu meningkatkan insentif-insentif pajak lainnya bagi investor. Sebaiknya untuk pembedaan tarif di perhatikan lagipula apa kekurangannya dan apa akibatnya jika perbedaan tarifnya cukup signifikan Undang undang No. 36 tahun 2008 ini belum berlaku, akan diberlakukan per 1 Januari 2009, diharapkan tujuan pemerintah dalam pemberlakuan tarif ini tercapai, oleh karena itu kuncinya, yakni tarif pajak ditetapkan pada besaran yang comfortable bagi wajib pajak, efisiensi sistem perpajakan, dan law enforcement bagi aparat pajak. Ketiganya harus berjalan bersamaan.

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The parliament finally approved the income tax bill proposed by the government. This law, Number 36 of 2008 regarding Fourth Amendment to Law Number 7 of 1983 on Income Tax, will come into force at the beginning of the 2009 fiscal year. One important amendment is Article 17 paragraph (1) which is concerning the Corporate Income Tax Rate. In this article introducing the enactment of a single rate (28%) on the income of corporate taxpayers and permanent establishments, which replaces the progressive rates that previously applied. Further, the single tax rate will be reduced from 28% to 25%, effective in fiscal year 2010. There has been a lot of support for an immediate income tax cut to 25 percent to make the country more competitive in netting investors. The government is optimistic that the new income tax law would improve competitiveness of Indonesian economy because the law offers numerous facilities to create a climate conducive to investment. The background problems presented in the research raising three brief question. The first question ,what is the background of amendment Tax Law No. 36 of 2008. The second,is the amendment of tax rate influence the invesment interest, and the third is the amendment of tax rate influences national revenue.To answer the questions, it is performed a set research by using the data published by Indonesian Tax Authority. A part of the applied data is qualitative getting by interviewed capable person who correlate with the topics. For gathering data is is used library research method. In, general the available data is analized by using descriptive method. Referring to the topic and variables of the research, the applied secondary data consist of investment data and corporate tax payments. From the library research also gathered the relevant theoritical background supporting the research analysis. Theoretically, application of Corporate Income Flat Tax, is true here will be lost potential revenuel but this Tax Cut Polilcy of reduce of this rate is theoretically projected on a long term will not reduce National Revenue by aggregate, even on the contrary.In general by reducing tax rate workers have greater incentive to work, investors have a greater incentives to invest and business have incentive to produce.Economis believes, in the short run, incentive effect are relatively weak, but in the long run, they can be important. While national revenue is an amount of fund receipt by the state from any sources such as income taxes. From the analizes it is founded three conclusions that (1) within the amendment of corporate income tax from Law Number 17 of 2000 to become Law Number 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax, the amendment referring single rate (28%) on the income of corporate taxpayers and permanent establishments, which replaces the progressive rates that previously applied. These new income tax rates mean Indonesia is becoming more competitive in attracting new investment as its rates are now on par with those in neighboring countries. (2) Consideration of investor to invest in Indonesia not only because of applied tax rate. Tax only as an incentive for investor because the low rate will raise profit margin which accepted.The competitive rate actually become fascination for investor to invest his capital. Theoretically, the amendment of Corporate Income Tax Rate influences national revenue. Income Tax is based on percentage of the taxable income.Based on the preceeding conclusions, it is recommended in amendment of tax law that the government authorities preferable pay attention (1) This Flat Rate not yet given an attractive rate to fascinating the foreign investor, moreover if seeing the condition of neighbour countries which tend to have reduced his rate.Suggested thet government have to improving or create another incentives for investor. (2) Classification of rates between micro, small and medium enterprises meant for protect low-income earners and to aplying the equity principle. But also this situation can generate resistance or evasion from the business that imposed by normal rate . and (3) Tax Law No. 36 of 2008 not yet applied, will come into force at the beginning of the 2009 fiscal year, expected the target of government in application of this rate reached. Suggested the important key, for this is comfortable rate for taxpayer,taxation system efficiency, and enforcement law for Tax Authorities officer. Third of these have to applied at the same time."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini bertujuan untuk meneliti peran dari tarif tunggal PPh Badanterhadap investasi di Indonesia. Secara khusus, tesis ini bertujuan untukmengevaluasi apakah tarif tunggal PPh Badan dapat meningkatkan investasidengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka lanjutan. Studi sebelumnyamengungkapkan bahwa tarif PPh Badan mempengaruhi investasi, sebagian besardari studi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara tarif PPh Badan daninvestasi adalah negatif. Meskipun begitu, tarif PPh Badan bukan merupakan satusatunyafaktor yang mempengaruhi investasi. Oleh karena itu, pembuat kebijakanseharusnya juga mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor penting lain yang dapatmenarik investasi dalam dan luar negeri.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis aims to investigate the role of a single corporate tax rate oninvestment in Indonesia. In particular, it aims to evaluate whether a singlecorporate income tax rate has improved or encouraged investment using extendedliterature review method. Previous studies revealed that corporate tax rate indeedinfluenced investment where the majority of these studies showed that it wasnegatively correlated. However, corporate tax rate was not the only factor thataffected investment; therefore, policy makers should also consider other factorswhich were also important to attract both domestic and foreign investment."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai prosedur, manfaat dan kendala PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan penurunan tarif pajak penghasilan badan berbentuk perseroan terbuka. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian bahwa implementasi kebijakan ini dilakukan dengan self assessment, dimana laporan kepemilikan saham pada formulir X.H.I-6 dari Datindo Entrycom, dijadikan lampiran pada Surat Pemberitahuan Tahunan PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk dan penghitungan pajak penghasilan terutang tahun pajak 2011 mengunakan tarif 20%.Manfaat yang bisa diperoleh PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk adalah meningkatkan net income after tax dan tax saving. Kendala yang dihadapi PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan ini adalah tidak bisa langsung menerapkan penurunan tarif 5% lebih rendah dari tarif umum pajak penghasilan badan pada angsuran pajak penghasilan Pasal 25 tahun Pajak 2011.

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This research discussed about the procedure, benefits, and constraints of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, in implementing the policy of reducing corporate income tax in rate for go public corporate. This research used the qualitative research. Result of the research that the policy implementation was done by self assessment, where the shareholding report on a form X.H.I-6 from Datindo Entrycom that used as an attachment to the annual notification letter of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk and the calculation of income tax payable in 2011 used tariff of 20%.

The benefits to be gained by PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk is to increase net income after tax and tax saving. The constraints was faced by PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk in implementing this policy is unable to directly applying the reduced rate of 5% lower than the general rate of corporate tax on income tax installment of article 25 in tax year 2011."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan pertumbuhan perusahaan, manajemen laba, pajak tangguhan, dan perubahan tarif PPh Badan dengan tarif pajak efektif perusahaan di Indonesia. Tarif pajak efektif dapat mengukur kecenderungan perusahaan untuk mengurangi kewajiban perpajakannya. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 82 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2018-2022. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan perusahaan dan pajak tangguhan berhubungan negatif dengan tarif pajak efektif perusahaan. Namun, manajemen laba Perusahaan dan perubahan tarif PPh badan tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap tarif pajak efektif.

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This research aims to examine the relationship between company growth, company earning management, deferred tax, and changes in corporate income tax rates with the company's effective tax rate in Indonesia. Effective tax rates can measure a company's tendency to reduce its tax obligations. The sample used in this research was 82 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The results of this research indicate that company growth and deferred taxes have a negative relationship with the company's effective tax rate. However, company earning management and changes in corporate income tax rates do not have a significant relationship with the effective tax rate."

"Tesis ini mengestimasi pengaruh penerapan tarif tunggal pada Pajak Penghasilan Badan (PPh Badan) terhadap indikasi penggelapan pajak (tax evasion). Pengukuran indikasi penggelapan pajak menggunakan hasil pemeriksaan pajak dari Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) selama kurun waktu 6 tahun (2007-2012). Hasil statistik deskriptif dan analisis Tobit maximum likelihood menunjukkan penerapan tarif tunggal cenderung menurunkan indikasi penggelapan pajak. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa penerapan tarif tunggal pada Pajak Penghasilan Badan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Badan. Selain itu, semakin tinggi tarif pajak penghasilan cenderung menstimuli indikasi penggelapan pajak.

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This paper investigates the difference effects of progressive rate and single rate implementation on corporate income tax to tax evasion indication. Using firm level data of tax audit results as a measure of tax evasion indication for six years observations (2007-2012), the empirical results from the sample data show that the implementation of single rate on corporate income tax reduces the tax evasion indication. In addition, the results show that the higher the marginal income tax rate, the higher the tax evasion indication."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Corporate Income Tax Rate (CITR) terhadap arus masuk Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) pada negara-negara di dunia, dan perbedaan pengaruhnya pada tiga kelompok income level yang berbeda (high income, upper middle income, lower middle dan low income). Penelitian dilakukan dengan unit analisis makro pada 112 negara periode 2003-2017. Estimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan unbalanced panel data dengan fixed effect model. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa CITR tidak memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap FDI. CITR bukan merupakan faktor utama yang menentukan keputusan perusahaan multinasional dalam melakukan FDI. Karakteristik Corporate Income Tax (CIT) yang mengikat pada semua sektor bisnis (tanpa terkecuali), penentuan CITR yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, dan kompleksitas CIT yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jenis pajak lainnya menyebabkan sensitifitas FDI terhadap perubahan CITR menjadi berkurang. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa dalam melakukan keputusan investasinya, investor lebih tertarik menanamkan modalnya pada negara yang memiliki market size besar (baik pasar domestik maupun ekspor). Country openness dan stabilitas politik merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keputusan FDI di negara-negara lower middle dan low income. Variabel FDI region berpengaruh signifikan pada negara-negara upper middle, lower middle dan low income. Sementara dummy GFC berpengaruh signifikan di semua level, kecuali upper middle income. Hasil estimasi dengan mengeliminasi tax haven country menunjukkan hasil hampir sama, dimana CITR memiliki signifikansi yang lemah pada kelompok negara lower middle dan low income. Klasifikasi host country sebagai tax haven country tidak serta merta menyebabkan perusahaan multinasional menanamkan investasinya melalui skema FDI tanpa mempertimbangkan determinan lainnya.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of Corporate Income Tax Rate (CITR) on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows around the world, and the differences between three income level groups (high income, upper middle income, lower middle and low income). The study was conducted with a unit of macro analysis of 112 countries of period 2003-2017. Estimation is done by unbalanced panel fixed effect models technique. Estimation results show that CITR has no significant impact on FDI. CITR is not the main factor determines the decision of multinational companies in conducting FDI. Characteristics of Corporate Income Tax (CIT) imposed on all business sectors (without exception), determination of CITR which is influenced by many factors, and higher complexity of CIT compared to other types of taxes causes the sensitivity of FDI to CITR changes is reduced. Estimation results show that in making investment decision, investors are more interested in investing their capital in large market sizes countries (both domestic and export market). Country openness and political stability are one of the main factors affecting FDI decisions in lower middle and low income countries. Dummy GFC has a significant effect on all levels, except for upper middle income. The FDI region variable has a significant effect on upper middle, lower middle and low income countries. Estimation results by eliminating the tax haven countries show almost the same results, where CITR has a weak significance in the lower middle and low income countries. The classification of host countries as a tax haven country does not necessarily cause multinational companies to invest in FDI schemes without considering other determinants."

"Perusahaan menerapkan kebijakan perpajakan dengan tujuan mengefisiensikan pembayaran pajak terutang sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan perpajakan yang berlaku. Skripsi ini meneliti tentang kebijakan perpajakan yang dilakukan di PT ABC sebagai upaya mengefisiensikan beban pajaknya. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PT ABC telah menerapkan kebijakan pepajakan, namun kebijakan pajak yang dilakukan PT ABC kurang efektif dan tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku. Hambatan penerapan kebijakan pajak dikarenakan pengarsipan dokumen yang kurang baik dan karywan PT ABC yang kurang memahami peraturan perpajakan.

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Implementation of tax policy is carried out by companies with the aim of

streamlining the payment of tax payable in accordance with applicable tax laws

and regulations. This study examines tax policy conducted at PT ABC in an effort

to streamline the tax burden. This research is qualitative descriptive with studies

in the literature and in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that PT

ABC has implemented tax policy at its company, but the tax policy at PT ABC is

less effective and not in accordance with applicable tax regulations. Tax policy

barriers are due to poor document archiving and PT ABC employees who do not

understand tax regulations."

"Laporan magang ini menjelaskan prosedur audit atas akun perpajakan pada perusahaan publik yang bergerak dalam industri teknologi informasi dan penyelenggaraan internet. Dalam pelaksanaan prosedur audit perpajakan juga dilakukan pengecekan terhadap Pajak Penghasilan Badan (PPh Badan). Selain itu, di bahas juga temuan audit perpajakan. Setelah melaksanakan prosedur audit, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan telah akun perpajakan perusahaan telah disajikan secara wajar dan bebas dari salah saji material.

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This internship report explains about taxations audit procedure for public company in information technology industry dan internet provider. While doing the audit procedure, the corporate income tax was examined. Moreover, the audit finding in taxation is disscused. After the taxations audit procedure was done, it can be concluded that the taxation account is presented fairly and free from material misstatement."

"PT. Krakatau Steel merupakan salah satu BUMN yang ditunjuk negara untuk memungut PPh 22 atas pembeliannya. Hal ini didasarkan pada UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2008. Agustus 2010 terbit peraturan baru yang mengubah posisi PT. Krakatau Steel sebagai pemungut pajak yaitu PMK Nomor 154/PMK.03/2010. Perubahan ini juga menimbulkan dampak lain bagi PT. Krakatau Steel. Melalui penelitian ini penulis mencoba menganalisa dampak-dampak yang dihadapi oleh PT. Krakatau Steel selaku pemungut PPh 22 dan asas-asas dari penerapan peraturan baru tersebut. Dampak yang dihadapi oleh PT. Krakatau Steel adalah berupa perubahan subjek dan objek pajak, mekanisme penghitungan, mekanisme penyetoran dan pelaporan, serta masalah lain terkait aktivitas PPh 22. Penulis menganalisa bagaimana PT. Krakatau Steel menghadapi dampak ini dan menganalisa kewajiban perpajakan PPh 22 PT. Krakatau Steel untuk melihat keseuaian asas penerapan dari peraturan baru. Penulis menemukan bahwa perubahan ini secara umum telah sesuai dengan asas-asas pemungutan pajak.

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PT. Krakatau Steel is one of state-owned enterprise that selected to collect Income Tax Article 22 for their purchase. This is based on UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2008. At August 2010 new rule was released and that change PT. Krakatau Steel position as Income Tax Article 22 collector. The rule is PMK No. 154/No.03/2010. The rule causes some impacts for PT. Krakatau Steel. This research is aimed to analyze the impacts to PT. Krakatau Steel as income tax article 22 collector and the principle in the changed rule.The impact that faced by PT. Krakatau Steel is the change in tax subject and object, calculation mechanism, deposit and report mechanism, and other problem according to tax activity. It also analyze principle of changed rule by analyze PT. Krakatau Steel income tax especially article 22. According to the research results principle is well prepared and well placed in the change."