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"Upaya peningkatan mutu sumber daya manusia dimulai sejak trimester I. Perubahan fisiologis dan psikologis yang terjadi mengharuskan ibu beradaptasi agar tercapai kehamilan yang sehat. Aktivitas ibu bekerja di luar rumah menyebabkan ibu memiliki beban tambahan untuk beradaptasi dibandingkan dengan ibu rumah tangga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perubahan fisiologis dan psikologis pada trimester I dengan kemampuan adaptasi ibu hamil yang bekerja dan ibu rumah tangga. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini 94 orang dengan usia kehamilan >12 minggu sampai 20 minggu ditentukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Untuk menguji hubungan antara karakteristik, perubahan fisiologis dan psikologis dengan kemampuan adaptasi ibu hamil yang bekerja dan ibu rumah tangga, uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square, kemudian dilakukan uji regresi logistik ganda model prediksi untuk mengetahui variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kemampuan adaptasi ibu hamil.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kemampuan adaptasi ibu hamil yang bekerja dengan OR = 59,226. Demikian pula pada ibu rumah tangga dengan nilai OR = 19,079. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena melalui perencanaan ibu dapat memprediksi kemungkinan yang akan dialami selama kehamilan sehingga ibu cenderung lebih siap secara fisik dan psikologis. Oleh sebab itu perawat maternitas perlu memfasilitasi ibu atau keluarga dengan memberikan konseling pendidikan kesehatan mengenai perubahan fisik dan psikologis kehamilan dan perencanaan kehamilan melalui KB.

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The effort to improve quality of human resources starts at the first trimester of pregnancy. The pregnant women should be able to adapt with physiological and psychological changes to have a healthy pregnancy. Comparing to housewife, activities of working mother could result in additional burden for mother to be adjusted. This research is a descriptive correlation design with cross sectional approach which aims to explore the relationship of physiological and psychological changes at first trimester with adaptation of working mother and housewife being in pregnancy. The sample size was 94 women with more than 12 weeks until 20 weeks pregnancy taken by purposive sampling. To test the relationship of physiological and psychological changes at first trimester with adaptation of working mother and housewife being in pregnancy, the chi square test was used, and the test of multiple logistic regressions, model of prediction was used as well to find dominant variable related to the ability of pregnant women to adapt.

The research result indicated that the planning was a most dominant variable related to the adaptation ability of pregnant working mother with OR = 59,226 and to the adaptation ability of housewife pregnant mother with OR = 19,079. Planning of pregnancy makes mother could predict any possibilities encountered during pregnancy and mother is tend to be better prepared physically and psychologically. A maternity nurse needs to facilitate mother or family through counseling and health education on physical and psychological changes during pregnancy and to plan pregnancy with family planning."

"Anemia gizi ibu hamil yang disebabkan karena kekurangan zat besi merupakan satu dari empat masalah gizi utama di Indonesia SKRT tahun 1995 menunjukkan bahwa secara nasional 50,9 % ibu hamil menderita anemia. Mengingat dampak anemia terhadap tingginya angka kematian ibu maka pemerintah Indonesia dalam hal ini Departemen Kesehatan sejak tahun 1975 melakukan upaya penanggulangan dengan pemberian suplementasi tablet besi yang didistribusikan melalui Puskesmas dan Posyandu.Berdasarkan Survey Cepat Anemia Gizi Ibu Hamil Tahun 2001 di Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan, prevalensi anemia ibu hamil di Kecamatan Sako sebesar 25,42% sedangkan cakupan pendistribusian sangat tinggi yaitu Fe1 102% dan Fe3 101%.Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa belum semua ibu hamil yang mendapatkan tablet besi Bari puskesmas dan posyandu secara patuh meminumnya secara teratur setiap hariPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tingkat kepatuhan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet besi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan di Puskesmas Sako dan Puskesmas Multi Wahana Kecamatan Sako Palembang tahun 2004. Unit analisisnya adalah ibu-ibu hamil trimester II dan III yang telah mendapatkan tablet besi, penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2004.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey dengan rancangan desain Cross Sectional. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan di ke dua Puskesmas Bari seluruh responden 64,44% patuh dan 35,56% yang tidak patuh. Hasil analisis bivariat ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, pendidikan, pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet besi sedangkan variabel penyuluhan tidak bermakna.Dari hasil uji analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan metode Logistic Regression menunjukkan bahwa dari enam variabel bebas hanya empat variabel saja yang masuk sebagai kandidat model multivariat yaitu umur,pendidikan, pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga. Setelah dianalisis ternyata variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kepatuhan adalah tingkat pendidikan OR 5,969 artinya responden yang berpendidikan tinggi cenderung untuk patuh mengkonsumsi tablet besi 5,969 kali dibandingkan responden yang berpendidikan rendah.Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk memberikan konseling mengenai anemia gizi dan tablet besi terutama pada kelompok ibu hamil berisiko yaitu umur <20 th dan >35 th, serta mengadakan supervisi dan monitoring untuk melihat apakah tablet besi betul-betul diminum oleh ibu hamil.

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Factors Related to Compliance of Pregnant Women Consumed Iron Tablet at Puskesmas Sako and Puskesmas Multi Wahana in the Sub-district of Sako, the City of Palembang Year 2004.Nutrition anemia of pregnant women which caused of iron deficient is one of main nutrition problems in Indonesia. Household Health Survey (SKRT) in 1995 indicated that nationally 50.9% of pregnant women suffered anemia. Considering anemia impact to the high maternal mortality, the government of Indonesia through the Minister of Health since 1975 has been striving to overcome with providing iron tablets supplement that distributed through Puskesmas and Posyandu.

According to Rapid Survey of Nutrition Anemia in Pregnancy in 2001 in the City of Palembang, South Sumatra, the prevalence of pregnant women in Sub-district of Sako was equal to 25.42% while the coverage of distribution was very high, Fe 1 (102%) and Fe3 (101%), respectively. It indicated that not yet all pregnant women which got iron tablets from Puskesmas and Posyandu obediently taking them regularly every day.

This study aimed to obtain the description of Ievel of compliance of pregnant women who consumed iron tablets and its related factors at Puskesmas Sako and Puskesmas Multi Wahana in Sub-district of Sako, Palembang in 2004. Unit of analysis in this study were 2nd and 3`d trimester pregnant women which had got iron tablets. It conducted during April 2004.

The study was survey research using cross sectional design. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. This study resulted that level of compliance in both of Puskesmas showed 64.44% of respondents were compliant and the rest (35.56%) were not compliant. Bivariate analysis showed that age, education, family support as well as knowledge had significant relation with the compliance of pregnant women. In the other hand, counseling did not have significant relation statistically.

Multivariate analysis using Logistic Regression Method indicated only 4 out of 6 variables that become as candidate of multivariate model. They were age, education, family support, and knowledge. The most dominant variable related to the level of compliance was education (OR 5,969). It meant that respondent whose higher education tended to be obedient in taking iron tablets 5,969 times compared to those whose lower education.

It is suggested to the health officer to provide counseling about nutrition anemia and iron tablet, especially for risky pregnant women groups e.g. <20 years old and >35 years old, and also to perform monitoring and supervision to make sure that iron tablets are really taken by pregnant women."

"Penelitian ini mengadopsi konsep ideation pada komunikasi kesehatan yang dilakukan oleh Kincaid (1997&2000). Peneliti kemudian menggabungkan dengan dua variabel lain, yaitu modal sosial dan interaksi dengan peer grup sebagaimana pernah dilakukan sebelumnnya oleh Putnam (1996) dan Thomas J. Dishion, et. al., yang merupakan penggabungan perspektif sosial dan komunikasi dalam konteks kesehatan. Penggabungan dua perspektif tersebut didasarkan atas pertimbangan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih baik mengenai pola hubungan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi program kesehatan.Model dasar kemudian oleh peneliti diturunkan menjadi variabel umur, jumlah anak, pengeluaran, pendidikan, modal sosial, interaksi dengan peer group, ideation, communication campaign recall dan intensitas kunjungan terhadap program use and intention. Pemahaman responden terhadap tahapan perubahan perilaku diharapkan dapat mendukung program pemeriksaan ibu hamil dan bersalin yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah.Studi ini merupakan crosssectional survey, menggunakan seratus responden, (terbagi kedalam dua kelompok, ibu bersalin dan ibu hamil, masing-masing 47 dan 53) yang diperoleh melalui simple random sampling, dari populasi puskesmas yang berada di kecamatan Tebet dan sekitarnya, berusia 19-38 tahun dengan jumlah anak yang dimiliki 0-4 anak.Uji reliabilitas untuk melihat konsistensi jawaban responden Menghasilkan alpha cronbach sekitar 0,6 - 0,9. Uji validitas ditempuh melalui dengan confirmatory factor analysis untuk mengetahui apakah indikator-indikator benar-benar mengukur konsep yang diukur.Path analysis dilakukan untuk melihat pola hubungan kesalingtergantungan antara variabel-variabel independen dan variabel dependen dalam model analisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya perbedaan model akhir penelitian antara ibu hamil dan ibu bersalin. Terdapat empat variabel yaitu modal sosial, ideation, communication campaign recall dan intensitas kunjungan untuk ibu hamil sementara ibu bersalin hanya ada tiga yaitu modal sosial, interaksi dengan peer group dan ideation. Hasil pengujian fit coeficient secara pasti menunjukan bahwa pada responden ibu bersalin, model yang disesuaikan (X2m = 12,59) lebih baik daripada model dasar . Sementara pada responden ibu hamil hasil pengujian fit coeficient secara pasti menunjukan bahwa model yang disesuaikan (X2m = 14,0671) lebih baik daripada model dasar.Model umum pola hubungan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan program kesehatan menunjukan adanya pengaruh pada level individu yang digambarkan dalam tiga variabel prediktor, yaitu modal sosial (total efek 0,489), ideation (total efek 0,539), interaksi dengan peer group (total efek 0,509) untuk ibu bersalin. Sedangkan untuk kelompok ibu hamil, terdapat tiga variabel prediktor modal sosial (total efek 0,287), ideation (total efek 0,507), communication campaign recall (total efek 0,634).Sebagai implikasi teoritis, model penelitian Kincaid, Putnam dan Thomas J. Dishion tidak bisa diterapkan untuk konteks dimana penelitian ini dilakukan. Walaupun demikian Ideation sebagai tahapan perubahan perilaku, dan communication campaign recall dapat diterapkan pada penelitian ini; demikian juga dengan faktor modal sosial dan interaksi dengan peer group.Kelemahan penelitian ini adalah jumlah responden yang kurang mencukupi, apabila hasil penelitian ini akan digeneralisasikan ke populasi. Belum dimasukkannya faktorlvariabel isi dari media komunikasi dalam analisa juga merupakan suatu kelemahan studi ini. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk penelitian sejenis yang akan dilakukan di waktu mendatang.

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The Correlation Pattern among Factors Influencing Health Program (Survey of Pregnancy and Post Delivery Examination at Tebet Subdistrict Health Service Center)This Research adopt "ideation" concept of health communication from Kincaid (1997, 2000). Then, researcher include two other variables, : social capital and interaction in the peer group to combine social perspective and communication in heath context which is done before by Putnam (1996) and Thomas J. Dishion, et al, which is. This combination aimed to get more clear view about correlation pattern among factors influencing health program.Based on the basic model, researcher describe the variable into : age, number of children, expense, education, social capital, interaction in the peer group, ideation, communication campaign recall and intensity of visiting to the program use and intention. Respondents awareness about the stage of behavior change expect to be an effort for developing pregnancy and post delivery examination program is issued by governmentIt is crossectional survey using 100 respondents which is devided into two groups : 53 for pregnant women and 47 post delivery women. This research sampling technique is simple random sampling from all population ever to use Tebet subdistrict health service center, who has 0 - 4 children and their age : 19 -- 38 years old.By using alpha cronbach as reliability test to test consistency of respondent answers, is shows that 0.6 - 0.9. Confirmatory factor analysis is usesd to test validity in order to get to know if indicator are able to measure the concept.Path analysis is used to get to know if the concept model is still the same with model based on this research result. The path analysis is used to see the dependent relationship between the dependent and independent variables from analysis model. This research result shows that there's a different model between the concept model and the research result model. There are four variables : social capital, ideation, communication campaign recall and intensity of visiting) for pregnant women. And there are only three variables (social capital, interaction in the peer group and ideation). Fit coefficient results shows that the adopted/adjusted model is better than the basic model (X2m = 12.59) in the post delivery women. So for the pregnant women (X2m = 14.0671).General model of correlation pattern factors influencing the use of health program shows there's a significant correlation in the three predictor variables : social capital (0.489), ideation ( 0.539), interaction in the peer group (0.509) at the individual level for the post delivery women. And there are a significant correlation in the three predictor variables : social capital (0.287), ideation ( 0.507) and communication campaign recall (0.634).Not all of the Kincaid, Putnam and Thomas J. Dishion model cannot be implicate to this research only communication campaign recall, ideation, social capital, and interaction in the peer group could be implicate to this research.Weaknesses of this result is unsufficientlinadequate number of respondents, it will be generalize to the population. The other weakness is not considerize the content of communication media in the analysist. This research could be a refferences for the similar research in the future."

"Latar belakang masalah: Prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi pada ibu hamil di Indonesia cukup tinggi, yaitu 63,5% (SKRT 1992). Tingginya prevalensi anemia disebabkan kekurangan zat besi yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pendarahan sewaktu melahirkan. Kekurangan zat besi dapat ditanggulangi dengan minum tablet besi secara teratur setiap hari selama tiga bulan. Tablet besi telah tersedia di posyandu. Diduga ketidakpatuhan ibu hamil minum tablet besi menjadi salah satu penyebab anemia. Tujuan dan manfaat penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara faktor intrinsik (umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan ibu, pengalaman minum pil KB, sikap ibu) dan faktor ekstrinsik (pengaruh kelompok "peer", penampilan kerja petugas, ketersediaan fasilitas) dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil minum tablet besi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna bagi pengelola program kesehatan ibu dan anak dalam upaya meningkatkan penyuluhan manfaat tablet besi bagi ibu hamil. Metodologi penelitian: Rancangan penelitian adalah "Cross sectional" dengan pengambilan data di Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Unit analisis adalah ibu hamil trimester II dan III sebanyak 131 orang. Responden dapat dilacak sesudah wawancara pertama berjumlah 40 orang. Analisis dilakukan dengan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif univariat untuk melihat gambaran frekwensi responden menurut berbagai karakteristik. Analisis bivariat untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel independen dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil minum tablet besi. Untuk membuktikan hipotesa digunakan uji statistik nonparametrik dengan mempergunakan Chi-Square Test. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan Cara pendekatan Focus Groups Discussion dengan 2 kelompok, kelompok patuh dan kelompok tidak patuh minum tablet besi. Hasil penelitian: Ditemukan secara konseptual dengan pendekatan FGD, ada hubungan antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen, walaupun dari uji statistik tidak terbukti. Tablet besi tersedia bagi ibu hamil dengan harga murah dan terjangkau. Responden belum tahu persis manfaat tablet besi. Temuan dari Focus Groups Discussion, responden ibu hamil tidak patuh minum tablet besi karena lupa. Kesimpulan dan saran: Kemungkinan penyebab terjadinya hubungan tidak bermakna adalah jumlah sampel kecil. Walaupun analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan hubungan tidak bermakna, tetapi secara konseptual, sama dengan hamil analisis kualitatif dengan cara pendekatan FGD, ada hubungan antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen. Untuk menanggulangi defisiensi anemia ibu hamil, perlu ditingkatkan penyuluhan secara terus menerus mengenai manfaat tablet besi kepada ibu hamil. Ibu hamil yang sering lupa minum tablet besi perlu dimotivasi. Petugas kesehatan terutama pengelola program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak perlu pelatihan berjenjang bertahap. "

"Angka Kematian Ibu sebagai salah satu indikator kesehatan ibu masih cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Penjaringan ibu hamil risiko tinggi oleh tenaga kesehatan merupakan indikator untuk memperkirakan besarnya masalah yang dihadapi oleh program Pembinaan Kesehatan Keluarga dan diharapkan ibu hamil risiko tinggi mendapat perhatian khusus, meskipun ibu hamil yang tidak termasuk risiko tinggi tidak boleh diabaikan.Dari data laporan yang ada di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Tangerang temyata ada perbedaan antara jumlah bumil risti yang dirujuk oleh Puskesmas ke RSU dengan bumil risti yang sampai di RSU. Untuk ini peneliti tertarik untuk mencari faktor apa yang berhubungan dengan tidak sampainya rujukan bumil risti ke RSU Tangerang.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kros seksional. Dari 14 hipotesis yang ditegakkan, ada 6 variabel yang terbukti bermakna secara statistik dengan variabel terikat yaitu variabel pendidikan, sikap, pekerjaan, jarak ke tempat pelayanan, penanggung biaya dan persepsi ibu. Terdapat 8 variabel yang tidak berhubungan secara statistik dengan variabel terikat yaitu variabel umur, paritas, jumlah anak, interval kelahiran, pengetahuan, penghasilan, ketersediaan sarana rujukan medik, riwayat persalinan dengan variabel terikat.Setelah mengetahui hal ini mudah-mudahan dapat dilakukan intervensi melalui peningkatan program Kesehatan Keluarga, dimana program yang sekarang sedang digalakkan adalah Gerakan Sayang Ibu dan Bayi, antara lain dengan melebarkan Gerakan Sayang Thu dan Bayi secara bertahap di semua kecamatan, meluaskan ruang lingkup kegiatan, sehingga ibu hamil risiko tinggi mendapat pertolongan persalinan yang sebaik, secepat dan setepat mungkin, dengan demildan kematian ibu bersalin dapat dicegah.

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Factors Related to Pregnant Woman At Risk Which Do Not Reach Tangerang General Hospital for ReferralsMaternal Mortality rate as one indicator of maternal status is still high in Indonesia. One aspects of antenatal care at the health centers is identifying at risk women and refer them to the district hospital for further treatment. The objective of this study is to find out the profile and reasons of risk pregnant women who were judge to refer themselves to Tangerang General Hospital for obtaining more comprehensive obstetric services, but never made it.

The methodology of the study is cross sectional by finding all at risk pregnant women who were judged to refer thmeselves to Tangerang General Hospital. Fourteen hypothesis were established, mainly to prove the relationship of pregnant women at risk to the use of Tangerang General Hospital : educational level, job, distance to health center, payer and mother's perception, age, parity, number of children, birth space, knowledge, attitude, referral sites, history of delivery. From 14 hypothesis only the first six variables government nationally so far is the ` Mother Friendly Movement `, coordinated by the Minister of Woman's Role. The activities can be found in every subdistrict in Indonesia, covering mobile health care, training of midwives, improve the function of the health center, and improve the referral system. ;Factors Related to Pregnant Woman At Risk Which Do Not Reach Tangerang General Hospital for ReferralsMaternal Mortality rate as one indicator of maternal status is still high in Indonesia. One aspects of antenatal care at the health centers is identifying at risk women and refer them to the district hospital for further treatment. The objective of this study is to find out the profile and reasons of risk pregnant women who were judge to refer themselves to Tangerang General Hospital for obtaining more comprehensive obstetric services, but never made it.

The methodology of the study is cross sectional by finding all at risk pregnant women who were judged to refer thmeselves to Tangerang General Hospital. Fourteen hypothesis were established, mainly to prove the relationship of pregnant women at risk to the use of Tangerang General Hospital : educational level, job, distance to health center, payer and mother's perception, age, parity, number of children, birth space, knowledge, attitude, referral sites, history of delivery. From 14 hypothesis only the first six variables government nationally so far is the ` Mother Friendly Movement `, coordinated by the Minister of Woman's Role. The activities can be found in every subdistrict in Indonesia, covering mobile health care, training of midwives, improve the function of the health center, and improve the referral system."

"ABSTRAK LATAR BELAKANG: Penilaian aktivitas fisik ibu selama kehamilan sangat penting karena hubungan yang erat antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dan status kesehatan.1 Hubungan erat antara aktivitas fisik sehari-hari dan hasil luaran kehamilan masih belum jelas terungkap karena luasnya variasi desain studi dan langkah-langkah penilaian aktivitas fisik.2 TUJUAN: Untuk melihat sebaran aktivitas ibu hamil pada trimester 3, kemudian melihat adanya hubungan antara aktivitas fisik ibu hamil pada trimester ke-3 dengan metode persalinan, skor APGAR bayi pada menit ke-5, dan berat lahir bayi. Dapat digunakan juga sebagai dasar rekomendasi bagi masyarakat luas mengenai aktivitas fisik selama kehamilan, dan rekomendasi bagi pembuat kebijakan mengenai karyawan yang bekerja di masa kehamilan. METODE: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik ibu hamil dengan luaran ibu hamil dan bayi baru lahir akan digunakan desain potong lintang, dengan melakukan pengamatan secara akurat dan sistematik.HASIL: Penelitian ini melibatkan 100 ibu melahirkan, yang didapatkan bahwa rerata usia responden adalah 27 tahun, dengan nilai tengah paritas adalah 2. Berdasarkan penilaian kuesioner PPAQ didapatkan bahwa nilai tengah akfitivitas mingguan responden adalah 346 MET-jam/minggu dengan nilai tengah tertinggi dilakukan untuk aktivitas ringan Median 143 , dan aktivitas rumah tangga Median 131 . Sedangkan aktivitas olahraga dikerjakan sangat sedikit, dengan nilai tengah 1.63 MET- jam/minggu. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia, paritas, jumlah aktivitas fisik dan intensitas terhadap metode persalinan. Pada saat dilakukan uji data numerik, didapatkan bahwa nilai tengah dari kelompok yang melahirkan pervaginam, adalah 341, dan untuk sectio secarea adalah 347.5, perbedaan ini tidak bermakna baik secara klinis maupun statistik p=0.696 . Pada saat analisa untuk melihat faktor yang memengaruhi berat badan, didapatkan bahwa aktivitas dan usia memiliki P ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The assessment of maternal physical activity during pregnancy is crucial due to the close relationship between the PA levels and the health status.1 The potential relationship between daily physical activity and pregnancy outcome remains unclear because of the wide variation in study designs and physical activity assessment measures.2OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to evaluate the pregnancy daily activities at third trimester and its association between methods of delivery, the fifth minute APGAR score, and birth weight. This study could be used as a basic recommendation for society about daily activities during pregnancy. METHODS This study was a cross sectional study evaluating the association between pregnant women daily activities and maternal and perinatal outcomes by doing systematic and accurate observation.RESULTS Among 100 mother who had delivery, the average of age was 27 years old, and the median of the parity was 2. Based on the assessment of PPA questionnaire, we got the median value of weekly daily activities was 346 MET hours per week which mild activities had the highest point median 143 MET and household activities median 131 MET . However, physical exercises were done infrequently, with median value of 1.63 MET hours per week. There was no significant relationship between age, parity, the amount and intensity of physical activities and methods of delivery. In numerical analysis, we got the median value of physical activities among subjects who had vaginal delivery was 341 MET, and for cesarean section was 347.5 MET. This difference was either not statistically or clinically significant p 0,696 . Physical activities and age had p value below 0,25, therefore they could be included in multivariate analysis. However, both of them were not statictically significant with birth weight. There was no statistically significant association between fifth minute APGAR score and the intensity of physical activities, age, and parity. Meanwhile, babies with fifth minute APGAR score below 7 were mostly delivered by mother having minimal physical activities and there was no significant association between them.CONCLUSION There was no significant association between age, parity, the amount and intensity of physical activities and methods of delivery. And, there was no significant association either between physical activities or age and birth weight. There was no significant association between fifth minute APGAR score and the intensity of physical activities, age, and parity. Babies having fifth minute APGAR score below 7 were mostly delivered by mother having minimal physical activities and had no significant association between them. KEYWORDS pregnancy physical activities, PPA questionnaire "

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan vitamin A dan kadar retinol dengan status anemia pada dua kelompok ibu hamil trimester tiga, yaitu kelompok anemia dan non anemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilaksanakan di sepuluh puskesmas kecamatan Jakarta Timur dan merupakan bagian dari penelitian besar Departemen Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia yang berjudul “Peran Gizi, Faktor Maternal dan Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Ketiga terhadap Komposisi Mikrobiota Ibu dan Berat Lahir Bayi: Studi Kohort di Jakarta”. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2015. Sebanyak 113 subjek ibu hamil trimester tiga dengan usia kehamilan diatas 32 minggu ikut dalam penelitansetelah memenuhi kriteria penelitian dan dibagi dalam dua kelompok berdasarkan kadar hemoglobin yaitu anemia (Hb<11g/dL) dan non anemia (Hb≥11g/dL). Setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran antropometri, wawancara asupan, pemeriksaan hemoglobin, dan serum retinol. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik demografi, antropometri, asupan makanan (makronutrien dan mikronutrien), kadar hemoglobin, dankadar serum retinol. Rentang usia subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 19-44 tahun. Sebagian besar subjek (59,6%) memiliki tingkat pendidikan menengah (lulus SMP atau SMA). Rerata usia kehamilan pada subjek penelitian ini adalah 34,32 ± 1,86 minggu pada kelompok anemia dan 35,18±1,73 minggu pada kelompok non anemia.Rerata asupan protein pada kedua kelompok ibu masih berada di bawah AKG yaitu <77g/hari. Rerata asupan lemak pada kelompok anemia lebih tinggi daripada kelompok non anemia (p=0,04). Asupan Fe kedua kelompok sudah sesuai dengan AKG yaitu 40mg/hari (p=0,82). Asupan folat pada kelompok anemia lebih rendahdan kurang dari AKG dibandingkan kelompok non anemia (p=0,16).Asupan vitamin B12, hampir tidak ada perbedaan rerata antara dua kelompok dan sudah sesuai dengan AKG. Median asupan vitamin A pada kelompok non anemia lebih tinggi dari kelompok anemia (p=0,52). Rerata kadar retinol pada kelompok anemia adalah 1,40±0,50 dan pada kelompok non anemia adalah 1,45±0,44. (p=0,55).Tidak didapatkan hasil yang bermakna setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat sebagai kontrol perancu.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to determine the relationship between vitamin A and retinol levels with anemia status in two groups of three trimester pregnant women, namely the anemic and non anemic. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in ten sub-district Government Health Centre in East Jakarta and which part of a large research department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, entitled "The Role of Nutrition, Maternal Factors and Maternal Health Services with the Composition of the Microbiota in Third Trimester Maternal and Infant Birth Weight : The study cohort in Jakarta". Data was collected from April untill May 2015. A total of 113 third trimester pregnant women with gestational age above 32 weeks (35.0 ± 1.8) were participated in research after met the study criterions. They were divided into two groups based on the levels of hemoglobin which were anemic (Hb<11g /dL) and non anemic(Hb≥ 11g / dL), and continue with anthropometric examination, interview and Hb measurement. The data collected included demographic characteristics, anthropometry, food intake (macronutrients and micronutrients), hemoglobin, and serum retinol. The age range of the subjects in this study was 19-44 years old. Most subjects (59.6%) had secondary education (graduated from high school or high school). The mean gestational age of the subjects was 34.32 ± 1.86 weeks in anemic group and 35.18 ± 1.73 weeks in non anemic. Mean of protein intake in both groups are still under RDA which < 77g/day. The mean of fat intake in anemic group was higher than non-anemic group (p=0.04). Iron intake in both groups are in accordance with the RDA which 40mg/day (p=0.82). Folate intake was lower in anemia group than non-anemic group (p=0.16). There was no difference between vitamin B12 intake in both group andwere in accordance with RDA. The median of vitamin A intake in non-anemic group was higher than non-anemic group (p = 0.52). The mean retinol serum levels in anemic group was 1.40 ± 0.50 and non-anemic group was 1.45 ± 0.44. (P = 0.55). No significant results obtained from multivariate analysis in order to control the confounders., The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between vitamin A and retinol levels with anemia status in two groups of three trimester pregnant women, namely the anemic and non anemic. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in ten sub-district Government Health Centre in East Jakarta and which part of a large research department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, entitled "The Role of Nutrition, Maternal Factors and Maternal Health Services with the Composition of the Microbiota in Third Trimester Maternal and Infant Birth Weight : The study cohort in Jakarta". Data was collected from April untill May 2015. A total of 113 third trimester pregnant women with gestational age above 32 weeks (35.0 ± 1.8) were participated in research after met the study criterions. They were divided into two groups based on the levels of hemoglobin which were anemic (Hb<11g /dL) and non anemic(Hb≥ 11g / dL), and continue with anthropometric examination, interview and Hb measurement. The data collected included demographic characteristics, anthropometry, food intake (macronutrients and micronutrients), hemoglobin, and serum retinol. The age range of the subjects in this study was 19-44 years old. Most subjects (59.6%) had secondary education (graduated from high school or high school). The mean gestational age of the subjects was 34.32 ± 1.86 weeks in anemic group and 35.18 ± 1.73 weeks in non anemic. Mean of protein intake in both groups are still under RDA which < 77g/day. The mean of fat intake in anemic group was higher than non-anemic group (p=0.04). Iron intake in both groups are in accordance with the RDA which 40mg/day (p=0.82). Folate intake was lower in anemia group than non-anemic group (p=0.16). There was no difference between vitamin B12 intake in both group andwere in accordance with RDA. The median of vitamin A intake in non-anemic group was higher than non-anemic group (p = 0.52). The mean retinol serum levels in anemic group was 1.40 ± 0.50 and non-anemic group was 1.45 ± 0.44. (P = 0.55). No significant results obtained from multivariate analysis in order to control the confounders.]"

"Stunting berdasarkan tinggi badan anak di bawah normal setelah 1000 hari pertama kehidupan dapat dicegah dengan menangani faktor risiko stunting pada ibu hamil yakni gizi dan depresi selama kehamilan. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan faktor risiko stunting pada ibu hamil yakni kemampuan adaptasi ibu hamil dan dukungan sosial suami. Penelitian cross-sectional 118 ibu hamil dan suami dengan quota sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara LiLA, adaptasi ibu hamil (fisiologis, fungsi peran, dan interdependen), dukungan sosial suami, pendidikan ibu hamil, pekerjaan ibu hamil, dan kehamilan direncanakan dengan depresi kehamilan serta hubungan signifikan antara pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan LiLA (p value<0,05). Temuan kejadian membuktikan tindakan preventif dan promotif perlu lebih ditingkatkan sehingga memberikan hasil yang efektif dengan dibuktikan oleh penelitian di kemudian hari.

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Stunting based on the child's height after the first 1000 days of life can be prevented by addressing the risk factors for stunting in pregnant women, namely nutrition and depression during pregnancy. Factors related to risk factors for stunting in pregnant women are the adaptability of pregnant women and husband's social support. This cross-sectional study of 118 pregnant women and husbands with quota sampling. The results showed a significant relationship between LiLA, adaptation of pregnant women (physiological, role function, and interdependent), husband's social support, education of pregnant women, work of pregnant women, and planned pregnancy with pregnancy depression as well as a significant relationship between the work of pregnant women and LiLA (p. value <0.05). The incident findings prove that preventive and promotive actions need to be further improved so as to provide effective results as proven by future research."