Gear, Charles William, 1935-
Computer organization and programming
McGraw-Hill, 1981
 Buku Teks SO
Pfleeger, Charles P., 1948-
Machine organization : an introduction to the structure and programming of computing systems
John Wiley & Sons, 1982
 Buku Teks
Designing and programming modern computers and systems; Vol. 1: LSI modular computer systems
edited by Svetlana P. Kartashev and Steven I. Kartashev
Prentice-Hall, 1982
 Buku Teks SO
Sabot, Gary W.
The paralation model: architecture independent parallel programming
MIT Press, 1988
 Buku Teks
Wakerly, John F.
Microcomputer architecture and programming
John Wiley & Sons, 1981
 Buku Teks