Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan zinc terhadap durasi diare pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain hybrid cross sectional ecology pada 1012 responden di sembilan provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2014. Proporsi durasi diare lebih dari tiga hari pada balita sebesar 26%. Proporsi ketersediaan zinc sesuai standar sebesar 33,3%. Variabel kontekstual yang berpengaruh terhadap durasi diare pada balita meliputi ketersediaan zinc (OR=2,7; IOR=1,3-10,2), pengadaan zinc melalui APBN (OR=8,0; IOR=2,8-22,7), akses sarana air minum (OR=0,4; IOR=1,01-8,1), kepemilikan tempat sampah (OR=3,1; IOR=1,1-8,8), perilaku BAB yang benar (OR=1,02; IOR=0,4-2,9), perilaku cuci tangan yang benar (OR=1,03; IOR=0,4-2,9) dan HDI (OR=1,01; IOR=0,2-1,8). Efek kabupaten/kota terhadap durasi diare pada balita menurut kuintil kemiskinan MOR=1,0003. Variasi antar kabupaten/kota menurut kemiskinan mempengaruhi perbedaan durasi diare pada balita. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah mengalokasikan APBN dan APBD yang cukup untuk pengadaan zinc, membuat kebijakan pengawasan minum obat zinc pada balita penderita diare, pengawasan faktor lingkungan dan PHBS terkait diare.

---

The study was intended to identify the effect on zinc availability on duration of diarrhea among under five-children. Hybrid cross sectional ecology was employed to 1012 participants in nine provinces, Indonesia 2014. Around 26% under five-children suffered diarrhea more than three days. Proportion of province with 100% zinc availability was 33.3%. In contextual level, duration of diarrhea was affected by zinc availability (OR=2,7; IOR=1,3-10,2), zinc procurement through the national budget (OR=8,0; IOR=2,8-22,7), access to drinking water facilities (OR=0,4; IOR=1,01-8,1), family private dump (OR=3,1; IOR=1,1-8,8), defecation behavior (OR=1,02; IOR=0,4-2,9) and practice of hand washing (OR=1,03; IOR=0,4-2,9) and Human Development Index (OR=1,01;IOR=0,2-1,8). Median Odds Ratio in district level was 1.003. The difference of duration of diarrhea was explained by the variation of district?s poverty level. It was then recommended that allocation of both national and district budgets for zinc procurement should be increase, policy of zinc medication supervision as well as supervision of diarrhea-related environment and healthy behaviors should be made."

"Jentik Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) mengacu pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang merupakan vektor utama penyebab penyakit DBD telah menjadi masalah besar bagi kesehatan di banyak negara tropis. Gerakan 1 Rumah 1 Jumantik (G1R1J), melibatkan setiap rumah tangga sebagai pemantau jentik, pada penelitian ini melibatkan anak (sismantik) dan ibu (jumantik rumah) untuk melakukan pemantaun jentik di rumah tangga. Studi ini menggunakan quasi experiment yang menekankan bahwa ada perbedaan Container Indeks (CI) pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yang dan melihat pengaruh pelatihan terhadap pengetahuan,sikap dan tindakan responden dalam penurunan CI di dua wilayah endemis DBD di Kota Pariaman,Pada kelompok intervensi (G1R1J Plus Sismantik), rata-rata pengetahuan responden sebelum yaitu 55,4%, mengalami peningkatan menjadi 91,7%. Hasil uji T dependen didapatkan nilai p < 0,001. Sikap 78,8%, mengalami peningkatan sesudah intervensi menjadi 85,8%. Hasil uji T dependen didapatkan nilai p < 0,001. Tindakan 48,9%, mengalami peningkatan menjadi 83,7%. Hasil uji T dependen didapatkan nilai p < 0,001. Efektifitas intervensi terhadap pengetahuan, yaitu sebesar 13%, terhadap sikap sebesar 13%, terhadap tindakan 48,5%. Variabel berpengaruh terhadap penurunan angka CI adalah variabel intervensi (p = 0,010) dan pendidikan perguruan tinggi (p = 0,024).Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa program G1R1J plus sismantik, secara signifikan menurunkan indeks kepadatan nyamuk (CI). Penggabungan program G1R1J dengan Sismantik dapat menurunkan jumlah vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini menawarkan panduan strategis untuk membangun kebijakan pemantau jentik yang lebih berkelanjutan dan efisien di daerah endemis lainnya.

---

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, remains a major public health challenge in many tropical regions. The "One House, One Larvae Observer Movement" (Gerakan 1 Rumah 1 Jumantik, G1R1J) empowers households to actively participate in larvae surveillance efforts. This study enhances the program by incorporating the roles of children (Sismantik) and mothers (Jumantik Rumah) to strengthen larvae monitoring practices at the household level.This study employs a quasi-experimental design, focusing on the difference in the reduction of the Container Index (CI) between the intervention group, and the control group. The study also examines the impact of training on respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the reduction of CI in two dengue-endemic areas in Pariaman City.In the intervention group (G1R1J plus child participation), the mean knowledge score increased significantly from 55.4% to 91.7% post-intervention (paired t-test, p<0.001). the mean attitude score improved from 78.8% to 85.8% (paired t-test, p<0.001), and the mean performance score increased from 48.9% to 83.7% (paired t-test, p<0.001). The intervention was effective in increasing knowledge by 13%, attitude by 13%, and performance by 48.5%. Variables influencing the reduction in CI include the intervension variable (p = 0.010) and higher education level (p = 0.024) This study demonstrates that the G1R1J plus Sismantik program can significantly reduce the Container Index (CI). The integration of the G1R1J program with Sismantik has proven effective in decreasing the population of Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors.The findings of this study provide strategic guidance for developing more sustainable and efficient larvae monitoring policies in other endemic areas."

"Latar Belakang: Saat ini terdapat 1,3 miliar penduduk di dunia berisiko tertular filariasis pada lebih dari 83 negara dan 50% orang terinfeksi tinggal di Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia. Indikator keberhasilan pengendalian filariasis yang telah ditetapkan Kementerian Kesehatan berdasarkan pedoman WHO yaitu kabupaten/kota endemis yang berhasil menurunkan angka mikrofilaria menjadi < 1% dengan menerapkan Mass Drug Administration (MDA) minimal cakupan pengobatan >65% populasi. Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (POPM) dengan Diethylcarbamazine citrate dan Albendazole telah dilakukan di Kota Pekalongan sejak tahun 2011-2015 dengan cakupan pengobatan sebesar >65%, namun hasil evaluasi mini TAS tahun 2019 prevalensi antigen masih > 2%. Berdasarkan pedoman WHO, program POPM Kota Pekalongan harus diperpanjang selama 2 tahun dengan obat Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine citrate dan Albendazole (IDA), namun cakupan pengobatan IDA putaran pertama <65%. Perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk membuat model evaluasi POPM filariasis agar dapat dilakukan perbaikan dalam program serta meningkatkan cakupan pengobatan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain mixed methods sekuensial eksplanatori dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 646 sampel untuk data kuantitatif (pengambilan darah jari sebanyak 300µl untuk pemeriksaan antigen dan wawancara terstruktur kuesioner) dan 9 informan dari petugas kesehatan dan penduduk untuk data kualitatif (input, proses, out, outcome program, serta perilaku minum obat penduduk). Penelitian dilakukan pada total 10 kelurahan di daerah endemik Kota Pekalongan dengan teknik sampling menggunakan sistem cluster (40 cluster RW) dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Hasil: Didapatkan model evaluasi pada aspek input yang memerlukan perbaikan berupa evaluasi pendanaan, pada evaluasi aspek proses didapatkan evaluasi pendampingan petugas kesehatan pada masyarakat dengan kriteria tertentu dengan perbaikan komunikasi untuk sosialisasi pengobatan, didapatkan juga model evaluasi pada aspek output dan outcome. Kesimpulan: Model evaluasi program POPM yang tepat yaitu model evaluasi komprehensif (input, proses, ouput, outcome), pada bagian proses harus dioptimalkan pada evaluasi pendampingan petugas kesehatan pada praktik minum obat untuk masyarakat dengan kriteria tertentu dan perbaikan komunikasi untuk sosialisasi melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, untuk dapat meningkatan cakupan pengobatan dan sosialisasi yang merata. Saran : Model evaluasi program Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal yang komprehensif (input, proses, output, outcome) perlu dilakukan agar dapat memperbaiki pendampingan petugas kesehatan dalam praktik minum obat dan perbaikan komuniasi sosialisasi pengobatan pada masyarakat dengan kriteria tertentu untuk dapat meningkatkan cakupan pengobatan di daerah endemik tipe perkotaan.

---

Background: Currently, there are 1.3 billion people in the world at risk of contracting filariasis in more than 83 countries and 50% of infected people live in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. The indicators for the success of filariasis control that have been determined by the Ministry of Health based on WHO guidelines are endemic districts/cities that have succeeded in reducing the number of microfilariae to <1% by implementing Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with a minimum treatment coverage of >65% of the population. Mass Preventive Drug Administration (POPM) with Diethylcarbamazine citrate and Albendazole have been carried out in Pekalongan City since 2011-2015 with a treatment coverage of >65%. However, the 2019 TAS mini-evaluation results showed that antigen prevalence was still >2%. Based on WHO guidelines, the Pekalongan City POPM program should be extended for 2 years with Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine citrate, and Albendazole (IDA) drugs, but the coverage of the first round of IDA treatment was <65%. Research needs to be conducted to create an evaluation model for POPM filariasis so that improvements can be made to the program and treatment coverage can be increased. Method: This study used a mixed methods sequential explanatory design with a sample size of 646 samples for quantitative data (taking 300µl of finger blood for antigen examination and structured questionnaire interviews) and 9 informants from health workers and residents for qualitative data (input, process, output, program outcome, and residents' medication-taking behavior). The research was conducted in 10 sub-districts in the endemic area of ​​Pekalongan City using a sampling technique using a cluster system (40 RW clusters) selected using consecutive sampling. Results: An evaluation model was obtained for the input aspect that required improvement in the form of funding evaluation, in the process aspect evaluation an assessment of health worker assistance was obtained for the community with certain criteria with improved communication for treatment socialization, an evaluation model was also obtained for the output and outcome aspects. Conclusion: The appropriate evaluation model for the POPM program is comprehensive (input, process, output, outcome). The process section must be optimized in evaluating health worker assistance in taking medication for the community with certain criteria and improving communication for socialization through quantitative and qualitative approaches, to increase the coverage of treatment and socialization evenly. Suggestion: A comprehensive evaluation model for the Mass Preventive Drug Administration program (input, process, output, outcome) needs to be carried out to improve the assistance of health workers in the practice of taking medication and improve communication and socialization of treatment in the community with certain criteria to be able to increase treatment coverage in endemic urban areas."

"Prediabetes adalah toleransi glukosa terganggu, kadar glukosa darah puasa berkisar dari 100- 125 mg/dl dan kadar glukosa darah 2 jam pasca pembebanan 75 gr berkisar 140-199 mg/dl. Skrining pada prediabetes diperlukan dapat rangka pengobatan dini serta pencegahan komplikasi. Peningkatan lingkar perut meningkatkan risiko mengalami kondisi prediabetes Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh obesitas sentral terhadap kejadian prediabetes. Pendekatan studi menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif. Diagnosis obesitas sentral menggunakan ukuran lingkar perut pria: ³ 90 cm wanita: ³ 80 cm sedangan diagnosis prediabetes menggunakan kadar gula darah pasca pembebanan 75 gr: 140-199 mg/dL dengan data studi kohor faktor risiko PTM yang dikelola oleh Balitbangkes Kemenkes RI di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah dalam enam tahun pemantauan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa iniden kumulatif : 31,4% dan insiden rate: 49 per 1000 orang/tahun. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian prediabetes dengan HR: 1,67 (95% CI: 1,42 -1,97) dengan p-value = < 0,00. Pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik antara obesitas sentral terhadap kejadian prediabetes dengan nilai 1,7 (95% CI 1,1-2,4) p-value = < 0,001 setelah dikontrol oleh variabel counfounder yaitu IMT dan adanya interaksi dengan variabel trigliserida dan status perkawinan. Trigliserida dan status perkawinan memberikan pengaruh pada obesitas sentral terhadap kejadian prediabetes. Trigliserida pada kategori kadar trigliserida tinggi nilai HR 1,7 (1,1-2,4). Status perkawinan pada kategori tidak menikah/janda/duda berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan risiko prediabetes untuk responden yang memiliki obesitas sentral dengan nilai HR 1,8 (95% CI: 1,2-2,9). Rekomendasi pencegahan prediabetes dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan trigliserida pada obesitas sentral supaya prognosis tidak jelek dan mudah diintervensi untuk dapat kembali ke keadaan normal.

---

Prediabetes is defined by a reduced ability to process glucose, with fasting blood glucose levels between 100-125 mg/dl and 2-hour post-load blood glucose levels of 140-199 mg/dl following the consumption of 75 grams of glucose. Early detection and treatment of prediabetes through screening is crucial in order to avert problems. An increase in waist circumference increases the risk of developing prediabetes. The study revealed that an increase in waist circumference is directly linked to a greater likelihood of developing prediabetes. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of central adiposity on an individual's ability to resist the development of prediabetes. The study employed a retrospective cohort design. The diagnosis of central obesity was established based on waist circumference measurements, with a threshold of ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women. Prediabetes was diagnosed by analyzing post-load blood glucose levels (ranging from 140-199 mg/dL) obtained from the 75-gram glucose load test. These diagnostic criteria were derived from a six-year monitoring of a cohort study on non-communicable disease risk factors, which the Health Research and Development Agency conducted under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in Central Bogor District.

The results of this study show a cumulative incidence of 31.4% and an incidence rate of 49 per 1000 people/year. Bivariate analysis indicated a statistically significant association between central obesity and the incidence of prediabetes, with an HR of 1.67 (95% CI: 1.42-1.97) and a p-value ≤ 0.00. After controlling for confounding variables such as BMI and interactions with triglyceride levels and marital status, central obesity remained significantly associated with the incidence of prediabetes, with an HR of 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1-2.4) and a p-value ≤ 0.001. Triglyceride levels and marital status influenced the impact of central obesity on the incidence of prediabetes. High triglyceride levels had an HR of 1.7 (1.1-2.4), while being unmarried/widowed/divorced contributed to an increased risk of prediabetes in respondents with central obesity, with an HR of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2-2.9). The recommendation is that prevention of prediabetes should involve monitoring triglyceride levels in individuals with central obesity to improve prognosis and facilitate interventions aimed at returning to a normal state."