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Hasil Pencarian

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Gregorius Bhaskara Wikanendra
Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku peserta program pendidikan dokter spesialis anak di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo mengenai masalah menyusui = Knowledge attitude and pratice of pediatric residents in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital regarding breastfeeding problems
"Usia awal kehidupan seorang bayi merupakan waktu terpenting dalam tumbuh kembangnya. Hingga usia 6 bulan, seorang bayi cukup mendapatkan sumber nutrisinya dari ASI, yang sering disebut sebagai periode pemberian ASI eksklusif. Namun sayangnya, hingga saat ini persentase ibu yang menjalani ASI eksklusif baru mencapai 34,5%. Kebanyakan ibu tidak mengikuti karena kurangnya edukasi mengenai ASI eksklusif dan adanya masalah menyusui yang keduanya bisa ditangani oleh dokter yang kompeten. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku Peserta Program Pendidikan Dokter spesialis (PPDS) Ilmu Kedokteran Anak (IKA) di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo mengenai masalah menyusui dan juga berbagai faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional dengan data yang didapatkan melalui kuesioner.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 77,3% memiliki pengetahuan kurang, 64,9% memiliki sikap kurang namun 82,5% memiliki perilaku baik. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin dengan tingkat pengetahuan (p=0,016), serta terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara banyaknya jumlah sumber pengetahuan dan asal universitas dengan perilaku, dengan nilai p berturut turut 0,036 dan 0,017. Tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan terhadap sikap dan perilaku dan sikap dengan perilaku subjek tentang masalah menyusui.
The most important time in a baby?s development is in the first 6 months. Until the age of 6 months old, breastmilk is the only source of nutrition needed. In Indonesia, exclusive breastfeeding has only been done by 34,5% of mother. Majority of this situation was caused by lack of knowledge and breastfeeding problems. Both could be handled by competent doctors through education, thus good knowledge, attitude and practice is needed. This study was a cross-sectional research based on questionnaires to 97 participants of pediatric residents in the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
This study showed that the majority of residents lacked knowledge and attitude but showed good practice towards breastfeeding problems. There was significant relationship between gender and knowledge regarding breastfeeding problems (p=0,016). We found also significant relationship between graduate university (p=0,036) and source of knowledge (p=0,017) with behaviour regarding breastfeeding problems. There were no significant relationships between knowledge with attitude and practice and attitude with practice."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Badrit Tamami Thoyyibah
Hubungan asupan antioksidan dengan massa lemak tubuh pada remaja obesitas usia 14-18 tahun di Jakarta = Correlation between body fat mass and antioxidant intake in obese adolescent 14-18 years old in Jakarta
"Obesitas didefinisikan sebagai kelebihan massa lemak tubuh yang dapat disebabkan oleh genetik dan gaya hidup, salah satunya faktor nutrisi. Salah satunya, asupan yang tidak seimbang membuat orang obes juga dapat mengalami defisiensi nutrisi, termasuk antioksidan yang berperan pada jaringan lemak dalam patofisiologi dan tatalaksana obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah asupan antioksidan harian pada remaja yang mengalami obesitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari 69 remaja obes dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata massa lemak tubuh remaja obes sebesar 37,8±7,02 kg. Sebanyak 14 subjek (20,29%) kekurangan asupan vitamin A sesuai AKG, 53 subjek (76,81%) kekurangan vitamin C, dan 67 subjek (97,1%) kekurangan vitamin E. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara massa lemak tubuh dengan asupan vitamin A (r=-0,02, p>0,05), vitamin C(r=-0,089, p>0,05), dan vitamin E (r=-0,203, p0,05), dalam penelitian ini. Dengan demikian, disimpulkan massa lemak tubuh tidak berhubungan dengan vitamin A dan vitamin C, tetapi berkorelasi negatif dengan asupan vitamin E.
Obesity is excess body fat mass caused by genetic and lifestyle, such as nutrition intake. Imbalance intake might be happen in obese person due to nutrition deficiency. Antioxidant play important role in process and management of obesity. This study aims to determine the amount of antioxidant intake in obese adolescents. This research used cross-sectional design with secondary data from 69 obese adolescents. The results showed that body fat mass of obese adolescent is 37,8±7,02 kg. There are 14 subjects (20,29%) have vitamin A deficiency according to DRI Indonesia, 53 (76,81%) subjects lack of vitamin C, and 67 subject (97,1%) have vitamin E deficiency. The results of bivariate analysis showed no association between body fat and vitamin A intake (r = 0.185, p> 0.05), vitamin C (r =-0.146, p> 0.05), and vitamin E (r =-0.163 , p> 0.05), in this study. We found body fat mass has no correlation with vitamin A and vitamin C intake, but has negative correlation with vitamin E intake."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Itsna Arifatuz Zulfiyah
Korelasi tekanan darah dengan indeks massa tubuh, lingkar pinggang, dan massa lemak tubuh pada remaja obesitas usia 14-17 tahun di Jakarta = Correlation between blood pressure with body mass index, waist circumference, and body mass fat in 14-17 years old obese adolescents in Jakarta
"Hipertensi pada remaja didefinisikan sebagai tekanan darah sistolik dan/atau diastolik lebih dari P95 sesuai jenis kelamin, umur, dan tinggi badan. Peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi pada remaja secara global diduga disebabkan karena peningkatan prevalensi obesitas pada remaja. Remaja dengan obesitas berisiko sepuluh kali lebih besar mengalami hipertensi dibandingkan remaja dengan berat badan normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelediki korelasi antara tekanan darah dengan obesitas, yang direpresentasikan oleh indeks massa tubuh, lingkar pinggang, dan massa lemak tubuh, pada remaja yang mengalami obesitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan data sekunder yang didapat dari penelitian sebelumnya. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 66 remaja berusia 14-17 tahun dengan indeks massa tubuh lebih dari P95 berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan usia. Tiga puluh dua (48,5%) dari 66 remaja obesitas pada penelitian ini mengalami hipertensi, dengan hipertensi sistolik sebanyak 25,8% dan hipertensi diastolik sebanyak 31,8%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa tekanan darah sistolik tidak berkorelasi dengan indeks massa tubuh, namun berkorelasi positif dengan lingkar pinggang (r = 0,218, p <0,05) dan berkorelasi negatif dengan massa lemak tubuh (r = -286, p <0,05). Tekanan darah diastolik tidak berkorelasi dengan lingkar pinggang dan massa lemak tubuh, namun berkorelasi positif dengan indeks massa tubuh (r = 0,223, p <0,05). Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa remaja obesitas di Jakarta memiliki prevalensi hipertensi yang tinggi dan tekanan darah sistolik berkorelasi dengan lingkar pinggang dan massa lemak tubuh, sementara tekanan darah diastolik berkorelasi dengan indeks massa tubuh.
Hypertension in adolescents is elevation of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure in the P95 or greater based on gender, age, and stature. The increased global prevalence of hypertension among adolescents is thought to be the result of the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. Obese adolescents have tendencies to have hypertension ten times greater that the normoweights. This research is conducted to determine the correlation between blood pressure and obesity, which is presented as body mass index, waist circumference, and body mass fat, in obese adolescents. Using cross-sectional study, from secondary data collection, we found 66 adolescents age 14-17 years old in which body mass index are in the P95 or greater based on gender and age. Thirty-two (48,5%) adolescents have hypertension, where 25,8% adolescents have systolic hypertension and 31,8% adolescents have diastolic hypertension. Bivariate analysis shows that systolic blood pressure does not correlate with body mass index but positively correlates with waist circumference (r = 0,233, p <0,05) and negatively correlates with body mass fat (r = -286, p ≤0,01). Diastolic blood pressure does not correlate with waist circumference and body mass fat but positively correlates with body mass index (r = 0,223, p <0,05). It can be concluded that the prevalence of hypertension in obese adolecsents in Jakarta is high and systolic blood pressure has a weak correlation with waist circumference and body mass fat while diastolic blood pressure has a weak correlation with body mass index."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Herlina
Gambaran kognitif pasien HIV anak yang telah memperoleh terapi Antitretrovirus = Cognitive profile in HIV infected children on Antiretroviral therapy
"[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Pasien HIV anak berisiko tinggi mengalami gangguan
neurokognitif akibat keterlibatan sistem saraf pusat (SSP). Prevalens gangguan
kognitif tersebut berkisar antara 8%-62%. Pemberian ARV menurunkan viral
load di SSP sehingga mencegah penurunan fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penelitian ini
untuk memberikan gambaran fungsi kognitif pasien HIV anak dalam terapi ARV.
Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap pasien HIV anak berusia 5-15
tahun. Penilaian kognitif dilakukan dengan instrumen Wechsler intelligence scale
for children IV (WISC IV). Pemeriksaan elektroensefalografi bertujuan untuk
membuktikan kerusakan akibat keterlibatan SSP pada infeksi HIV.
Hasil: Sembilan puluh pasien HIV anak median usia 9 tahun telah memperoleh
ARV dengan median 69 bulan. Hasil rerata verbal, performance, dan full-scale IQ
(FSIQ) berturut-turut adalah 88,66 (SB 15,69), 85,30 (SB 15,35), dan 85,73 (SB
15,61). Enam puluh tujuh (74,4%) subjek memiliki verbal IQ normal, 56 (62,2%)
performance scale normal, dan 58 (64,4%) FSIQ normal. Hasil EEG abnormal
didapatkan pada 22 subjek (22,4%) dan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan stadium
klinis, usia dan lama pemberian ARV, serta viral load. Stadium HIV
menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan komponen verbal scale IQ dan FSIQ
(p=0,042 dan p=0,044). Hasil IQ tidak memiliki hubungan dengan usia pemberian
ARV, lama pemberian ARV, dan viral load.
Simpulan: Pasien HIV anak dalam terapi ARV memiliki rerata IQ abnormal pada
verbal, performance, dan FSIQ. Berdasarkan kategori hasil IQ lebih dari 50%
subjek memiliki IQ normal pada ketiga skala WISC. Studi kohort diperlukan
untuk menilai apakah pemberian ARV lebih dini dan faktor yang memengaruhi
dapat mencegah penurunan fungsi kognitif pasien HIV anakABSTRACT Introduction: Children with HIV infection are at high risk for developing
neurocognitive impairment because of central nervous system (CNS)
involvement. Prevalence of cognitive impairment is reported between 8%-62%.
Decreased viral load due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) would prevent the
decrease of cognitive function. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive
function in HIV-infected children on ARV.
Method: We conducted cross sectional study of HIV-infected children aged 5-15
years. Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV (WISC-IV) was administered
for assessing cognitive function. Electroencephalograph was performed to prove
abnormalities caused by CNS involvement of HIV infection
Results: Ninety HIV-infected children with median age of 9 years had received
ARV for median of 69 months. The mean (SD) of verbal, performance, and full
scale IQ were 88,66 (SD 15,69), 85,30 (SD 15,35), and 85,73 (SD 15,61)
respectively. Sixty seven subjects (74,4%) had normal verbal IQ, 56 subjects
(62,2%) had normal performance IQ, and 58 subjects (64,4%) had normal FSIQ.
Twenty two children (22,4%) showed EEG abnormality which was not correlated
to clinical stage, onset and duration of ARV, and viral load. Clinical stage of HIV
showed significant association with verbal and FSIQ (p 0,042 and p 0,044). IQ
results did not have association with onset and duration of ARV and viral load.
Conclusion: HIV-infected children on ARV have abnormal mean IQ in verbal,
performance and FSIQ. Based on categorical IQ, most subjects have normal
verbal, performance, and FSIQ. Cohort study is needed to address whether early
ARV can preserve cognitive function.;Introduction: Children with HIV infection are at high risk for developing
neurocognitive impairment because of central nervous system (CNS)
involvement. Prevalence of cognitive impairment is reported between 8%-62%.
Decreased viral load due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) would prevent the
decrease of cognitive function. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive
function in HIV-infected children on ARV.
Method: We conducted cross sectional study of HIV-infected children aged 5-15
years. Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV (WISC-IV) was administered
for assessing cognitive function. Electroencephalograph was performed to prove
abnormalities caused by CNS involvement of HIV infection
Results: Ninety HIV-infected children with median age of 9 years had received
ARV for median of 69 months. The mean (SD) of verbal, performance, and full
scale IQ were 88,66 (SD 15,69), 85,30 (SD 15,35), and 85,73 (SD 15,61)
respectively. Sixty seven subjects (74,4%) had normal verbal IQ, 56 subjects
(62,2%) had normal performance IQ, and 58 subjects (64,4%) had normal FSIQ.
Twenty two children (22,4%) showed EEG abnormality which was not correlated
to clinical stage, onset and duration of ARV, and viral load. Clinical stage of HIV
showed significant association with verbal and FSIQ (p 0,042 and p 0,044). IQ
results did not have association with onset and duration of ARV and viral load.
Conclusion: HIV-infected children on ARV have abnormal mean IQ in verbal,
performance and FSIQ. Based on categorical IQ, most subjects have normal
verbal, performance, and FSIQ. Cohort study is needed to address whether early
ARV can preserve cognitive function.;Introduction: Children with HIV infection are at high risk for developing
neurocognitive impairment because of central nervous system (CNS)
involvement. Prevalence of cognitive impairment is reported between 8%-62%.
Decreased viral load due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) would prevent the
decrease of cognitive function. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive
function in HIV-infected children on ARV.
Method: We conducted cross sectional study of HIV-infected children aged 5-15
years. Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV (WISC-IV) was administered
for assessing cognitive function. Electroencephalograph was performed to prove
abnormalities caused by CNS involvement of HIV infection
Results: Ninety HIV-infected children with median age of 9 years had received
ARV for median of 69 months. The mean (SD) of verbal, performance, and full
scale IQ were 88,66 (SD 15,69), 85,30 (SD 15,35), and 85,73 (SD 15,61)
respectively. Sixty seven subjects (74,4%) had normal verbal IQ, 56 subjects
(62,2%) had normal performance IQ, and 58 subjects (64,4%) had normal FSIQ.
Twenty two children (22,4%) showed EEG abnormality which was not correlated
to clinical stage, onset and duration of ARV, and viral load. Clinical stage of HIV
showed significant association with verbal and FSIQ (p 0,042 and p 0,044). IQ
results did not have association with onset and duration of ARV and viral load.
Conclusion: HIV-infected children on ARV have abnormal mean IQ in verbal,
performance and FSIQ. Based on categorical IQ, most subjects have normal
verbal, performance, and FSIQ. Cohort study is needed to address whether early
ARV can preserve cognitive function., Introduction: Children with HIV infection are at high risk for developing
neurocognitive impairment because of central nervous system (CNS)
involvement. Prevalence of cognitive impairment is reported between 8%-62%.
Decreased viral load due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) would prevent the
decrease of cognitive function. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive
function in HIV-infected children on ARV.
Method: We conducted cross sectional study of HIV-infected children aged 5-15
years. Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV (WISC-IV) was administered
for assessing cognitive function. Electroencephalograph was performed to prove
abnormalities caused by CNS involvement of HIV infection
Results: Ninety HIV-infected children with median age of 9 years had received
ARV for median of 69 months. The mean (SD) of verbal, performance, and full
scale IQ were 88,66 (SD 15,69), 85,30 (SD 15,35), and 85,73 (SD 15,61)
respectively. Sixty seven subjects (74,4%) had normal verbal IQ, 56 subjects
(62,2%) had normal performance IQ, and 58 subjects (64,4%) had normal FSIQ.
Twenty two children (22,4%) showed EEG abnormality which was not correlated
to clinical stage, onset and duration of ARV, and viral load. Clinical stage of HIV
showed significant association with verbal and FSIQ (p 0,042 and p 0,044). IQ
results did not have association with onset and duration of ARV and viral load.
Conclusion: HIV-infected children on ARV have abnormal mean IQ in verbal,
performance and FSIQ. Based on categorical IQ, most subjects have normal
verbal, performance, and FSIQ. Cohort study is needed to address whether early
ARV can preserve cognitive function.]"
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
S-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Puji Lestari
Pengaruh pemberian kombinasi edukasi dan penyediaan air minum terhadap kebiasan konsumsi minuman pada anak PAUD di Jakarta Timur = Effect of combination of education and water provision on beverage consumption habit among preschoolers in East Jakarta
"ABSTRAK
Untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi hidrasi dan penyediaan air minum terhadap total asupan cairan dan konsumsi minuman pada anak prasekolah. Sebanyak 183 anak 50 [44, 56] bulan; perempuan 51,9 dari studi intervensi klaster yang dilakukan oleh Kelompok Kerja Hidrasi Indonesia IHWG dimasukkan dalam analisis data. Penelitian dilakukan di Jakarta Timur dari bulan Januari sampai April 2017. Kelompok anak-anak menerima edukasi hidrasi dan penyediaan air minum n = 62 anak-anak ; atau penyediaan air minum saja n = 62 anak ; atau edukasi gizi seimbang kontrol, n = 59 anak-anak . Konsumsi total asupan cairan, air putih, susu, dan minuman manis bergula diukur dengan menggunakan catatan minuman 7 hari dan Fluid Frequency Questionnaire FFQ . Tidak ada perbedaan yan signifikan secara statistik pada asupan cairan total, asupan air putih, susu total, dan minuman manis bergula di antara tiga kelompok p> 0.05 . Namun, asupan air putih dan cairan total pada kelompok intervensi ditemukan meningkat dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Menariknya, susu rasa, dengan rata-rata kandungan gula lebih dari separuh dari rekomendasi, berkontribusi terhadap lebih dari 95 dari total asupan susu. Peneliti menyarankan agar edukasi yang spesifik dapt mencapai hasil yang lebih baik.
ABSTRACT
To determine the effect of hydration education and water provision on total fluid intake and beverage consumption among preschoolers. A total of 183 children 50 44, 56 months female 51.9 from cluster trial conducted by Indonesian Hydration Working Group IHWG were included in data analysis. The present study conducted in East Jakarta from January until April 2017. Children were received hydration education and water provision n 62 children or water provision only n 62 children or general balance diet education control, n 59 children . Total fluid, plain water, total milk, and Sugar Sweetened Beverage SSB intake were measured using 7 days fluid record and FFQ. No statistically significant different found on total fluid intake as well as plain water, total milk, and sugar sweetened beverage intake between three groups p 0.05 . However, plain water and total fluid intake among intervention groups found increased compared to control group. Interestingly, flavored milk, with sugar content more than half of recommendation, was contributed more than 95 of total milk intake. Researcher suggests that pin point education may achieve better result."
2017
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yani Zamriya
Uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner children's dermatology life quality index (CDLQI) berbahasa Indonesia untuk menilai kualitas hidup anak dengan dermatitis atopik = Validity and reliability study of bahasa Indonesia version of children's dermatology life quality index cdlqi in children with atopic dermatitis
"Latar belakang: Dermatitis atopik DA dapat memiliki dampak negatif pada kualitas hidup. Instrumen yang baku untuk menilai kualitas hidup anak dengan dermatitis atopik di Indonesia belum ada.
Tujuan: mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner children rsquo;s dermatology life quality index CDLQI berbahasa Indonesia pada anak dengan dermatitis atopik.
Metode: Studi potong lintang pada Maret-April 2018 di RSCM dan praktik swasta konsultan alergi dan imunologi anak dengan subyek anak DA usia 4-14 tahun dan anak tanpa penyakit kulit matchingusia . Pasien dan atau orangtua mengisi kuesioner CDLQI berbahasa Indonesia. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pengisian kuesioner dicatat. Pasien dan atau orangtua kemudian mengisi kuesioner CDLQI berbahasa Indonesia ulang dengan dipandu oleh peneliti.
Hasil: Enam puluh pasien, yang terdiri dari 30 pasien DA dan 30 pasien kontrol, diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Kuesioner CDLQI valid dengan p< 0,01 dengan membandingkan skor kelompok DA dan kontrol. Koefisien korelasi Pearson r setiap pertanyaan dengan total didapatkan 0,284-0,752. Dua faktor dengan nilai 0,684-0,852 didapatkan dari analisis faktor. Reliabilitas yang baik didapatkan dengan Cronbach rsquo;s alpha0,775. Indeks kesepakatan ditunjukkan dengan Kappa 0,934-1 p
Background: Atopic dermatitis AD has negative impacts on quality of life. Standard instrument to measure quality of life of children with atopic dermatitis in Indonesia was not yet available.
Aim: to prove validity and reliability Bahasa Indonesia version of children's dermatology life quality index CDLQI in children with atopic dermatitis.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on March April 2018 in RSCM and pediatric allergy and immunology consultant's private practice. The patients, 4 to 14 year old, with AD and with problems unrelated to the skin age matched were included to complete this questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia with or without the help of parents. All the patients completed CDLQI again with the help of physician. The time to complete the questionnaire was recorded.
Results: Sixty patients, 30 patients with AD and 30 control patients, were enrolled in the study. The validity of the CDLQI Bahasa Indonesia version was p"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Steven Mattarungan
Angka Kejadian dan Prediktor Mortalitas Tuberkulosis Sensitif Obat pada Remaja = Incidence and Mortality Predictors of Drug Susceptible Tuberculosis in Adolescents
"Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis (TBC) merupakan penyebab utama kematian akibat penyakit infeksi untuk anak dan remaja dari segala usia di seluruh dunia. TBC pada remaja menunjukkan angka kematian lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok usia yang lebih muda. Penyebab yang sering menyebabkan hal ini adalah keterlambatan diagnosis, gaya hidup dan masalah psikososial. Hingga saat ini data mengenai angka kejadian dan prediktor mortalitas TBC pada remaja masih sangat terbatas, terutama di Indonesia yang menjadi salah satu negara dengan prevalens TBC yang tinggi.

Metode: Studi ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif yang melibatkan pasien usia 10-18 tahun dengan penyakit TBC di RSUPN Dr.  Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data berasal dari penelusuran rekam medis dan sistem pencatatan khsusus pasien TBC nasional (SITB) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak memenuhi kriteria eksklusi pada periode 1 Januari 2019 hingga 1 Juni 2023

Hasil: Total jumlah subjek penelitian yang diikutsertakan adalah 319 pasien, dengan 50 pasien (15,6%) meninggal dan 269 (84,3%) pasien hidup. Prediktor mortalitas yang bermakna pada penelitian ini adalah status gizi buruk (HR 4,5; P<0,001) dan kepatuhan berobat (HR 4,8; P<0,001). Kesintasan pasien remaja TBC sensitif obat sebesar 92% pada bulan pertama dan 87% pada bulan kedua kemudian menurun hingga akhir pemantauan menjadi 83% pada bulan kelima belas.

Kesimpulan : Angka mortalitas pada remaja dengan TBC cukup tinggi terutama pada dua bulan pertama pengobatan dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai prediktor. Intervensi perlu berfokus pada peningkatan status gizi dan kepatuhan berobat yang dapat membantu mengurangi risiko kematian.

Background: Tuberculosis (TBC) is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases for children and adolescents of all ages worldwide. TBC in adolescents shows a higher mortality rate compared to younger age groups.Common causes include delayed diagnosis, lifestyle factors, and psychosocial issues. Currently, data on TB mortality predictors in adolescents is limited especially in Indonesia, one of the countries with a high TBC prevalence.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved patients aged 10-18 years with TBC at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. Data were derived from medical records, interviews, and the national specialized TB patient recording system that met inclusion and exclusion criteria for the period from January 1st, 2019 to January 1st, 2023.

Results:  Total of 319 patients were included in the study, with 50 patients (14.7%) died and 269 (84,3%) survived. Significant mortality predictors factors in this study were poor nutritional status (HR 4.5; P<0.001) and medication adherence (HR 4,8; P<0.001). The survival rate of adolescent patients with drug-sensitive TB was 92% in the first month and 87% in the second month, then decreased to 83% by the end of the monitoring period in the fifteenth month.

Conclusion: The mortality rate among adolescents with TB is relatively high, especially in the first two months of treatment, and is influenced by various risk factors. Interventions need to focus on improving nutritional status and medication adherence, which may help in reducing the risk of death."

Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Novitria Dwinanda
Efek Implementasi Pemberian Nutrisi Berdasarkan Target Berat Badan Menurut Kurva Intergrowth-21st dan Kurva Fenton terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Bayi Prematur: Uji Klinis Acak Tersamar Ganda = The Effect of Nutrition Implementation Based on Targeted Body Weight from Intergrowth-21st and Fenton Curve to The Growth Velocity of Premature Babies: a Randomized Clinical Trial.
"Latar belakang: Asuhan nutrisi optimal untuk bayi prematur bertujuan mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang dan peningkatkan kualitas hidup bayi prematur. Asuhan nutrisi berupa penilaian masalah nutrisi, menentukan kebutuhan nutrisi, dan pemantauan pertumbuhan membutuhkan kurva pertumbuhan. Saat ini tidak ada kurva pertumbuhan standar untuk bayi prematur. Tujuan: Membandingkan laju pertumbuhan setiap minggu hingga maksimal usia 37 minggu pada bayi prematur yang diberikan nutrisi berdasarkan berat badan ideal menurut kurva Intergrowth-21st dan kurva Fenton, serta mengetahui hubungan antara sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, riwayat hambatan laju pertumbuhan intrauterin dengan laju pertumbuhan berat badan . Metode: Pnelitian ini adalah uji klinis ajak tersamar ganda pada 93 bayi prematur usia gestasi 33-36 minggu. Perhitungan kebutuhan nutrisi dan pemantauan asupan dilakukan setiap hari serta pemantauan antropometri berupa berat badan, panjang badan, dan lingkar kepala dilakukan minimal satu kali dalam seminggu. Analisis uji-t dilakukan pada sebaran data normal Hasil: Pada bayi prematur yang diberikan nutrisi berdasarkan berat badan ideal menurut kurva Intergrowth-21st dan kurva Fenton tidak berbeda bermakna dalam hal laju kenaikan berat badan, panjang badan, dan lingkar kepala setiap minggu hingga maksimal usia 37 minggu. Pemberian nutrisi berdasarkan berat badan ideal menurut kurva Intergrowth-21st dibandingkan menggunakan kurva Fenton memberikan hasil lebih banyak bayi prematur yang mencapai berat badan lahir dalam waktu kurang dari 7 hari (33% vs 19%) dan lebih banyak bayi prematur yang tumbuh liniear sesuai dengan trajektori pertumbuhan yang harus dicapai, dengan indeks berat badan 39% vs 20%, panjang badan 55% vs 36%, dan lingkar kepala 59% vs 48%. Riwayat hambatan pertumbuhan intrauterin memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan laju pertumbuhan berat badan pada pasien yang mendapatkan nutrisi berdasarkan berat badan ideal menurut kurva Intergrowth-21st(p 0,003, IK 95% 2,326-10,239) Simpulan: Penggunaan kurva Intergrowth-21st lebih baik dibandingkan kurva Fenton dalam menentukan kebutuhan kalori dan pemantauan pertumbuhan bayi prematur, sehingga mencageha terjadinya hambatan laju pertumbuhan.
Background: Nutrition implementation in premature babies goals are to optimize growth development and increase life quality. Nutritional implementation program including nutritional assessment, determine nutritional necessity or nutritional therapy, and monitor of premature babies' growth with standardized growth curve. Until recently, there is no standardize growth curve for premature baby. Objective: To compare growth velocity every week until maximum 37 weeks corrected age in premature infants who has been given nutritional implementation based on their ideal weight using Intergrowth-21 curve or Fenton curve. And, to correlate growth velocity and factors such as sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, and intrauterine growth retardation. Methods: This is randomized double blinded clinical trial on 93 premature babies with gestational age range within 33-36 weeks. Daily nutritional intake and monitoring intake toleration were done. Anthropometric monitoring data were taken minimum every week. T-test analysis was used on normal data distribution. Results: There are no significant difference in weekly growth velocity (body weight, length, head circumference) in premature babies until 37 weeks corrected age who is given nutritional intake based on ideal body weight of Intergrowth-21st curve compare to Fenton curve. Intergrowth-21st curve shows more premature babies achieving babies' birth weight in less than 7 days (33% vs 19%) and more premature babies have linier growth according to their trajectory growth goals, with body weight index 39% vs 20%, body length 55% vs 36%, and head circumference 59% vs 48%. Intra uterine growth retardation and growth velocity has significant correlation in patients received nutrition implementation based on targeted ideal body weight according to  Intergrowth-21st curve (p 0,003, IK 95% 2,326-10,239). Conclusion: Intergrowth 21st curve has better result in determining nutritional necessity and monitoring growth of premature babies compare to Fenton curve in order to prevent slower growth velocity in premature babies."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Diana Sunardi
Hubungan antara pola pemberian ASi dan MP-ASI dengan stunting pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Tangerang: Kajian kadar seng serum pada bayi stunting usia 6-12 bulan = Relationship between breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice and stunting in 6-12 months old infants in Tangerang: Zinc status in 6-12 months old stunted infants
"Tujuan: Mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang anak dengan mengetahui hubungan antara pola pemberian ASI dan MP·ASI dengan stunting pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan dan mengkatkan kadar seng serum bayi usia 6-12 bulan.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain nested case control. Subyek penelitian adalah bayi stunting dan tidak stunting.
Hasil: Jumlah subyek 90 bayi usia 6-12 bulan, 30 kasus, 60 kontrol. Kelompok kasus diambil secara purposive, sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalab bayi tidak stunting dengan matching jenis kelamin dan usia dalam rasio satu banding dua yang diambil acak sederhana. Subyek terdiri atas 45 bayi perempuan dan 45 bayi Iaki-laki. Sebagian besar (73,3%) subyek berusu.9-12 bulan. Berat badan lahir <-1 SD ditemukan pada 24,4% subyek dan panjang badan lahir <-1 SD pada 15,9% subyek (n= 44). Responden, yaitu ibu subyek, sebagian besar (87,8%) berusia antara 17-'15 lahun dan 58,9"10 berpendidikan rendah. Hampir seluruh subyek (96,7%) mendapat asupan seng di bawah AKG 2004. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan BB lahir <-1 SD merupakan faktor risiko yang bennakna (OR =1,51; P < 0,001) Untuk stunting. Uji statistik menuujukkan pola pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI kalegori tidak baik meningkatkan risiko stunting (OR = 1,122; 95% CI 0,351-3,581), walaupun seeara statistik tidak bermakna. Dengan analisis tambahan didapatkan tidak dilanjutkanya ASI setelah mendapat MP-ASI merupakan faktor risiko bermakna Untuk stunting (p ~0,039; OR 5,8). Rerata kadar seng serum bayi stunting 12,4 ± 1,7 umoL, yaitu termasuk dalam rentang marjinaI (10,7-<13 umol/L). Sebanyak 56,1% subyek stunting mempunyai kadar seng serum di bawah niIai normal (13 umol/L) dan 20% mempunyai kadar seng serum rendah «10,7 umol/L). Uji kore1asi menunjukan tidak ada hubungan antara kadar seng serum dengan asupan seng dan panjang badan untuk usia.
Kesimpulan: Pola pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI kategori tidak baik meningkatkan risiko stunting. Rerata kadar seng serum bayi stunting pada peneitian ini berada dalam rentang marjinal.
Objective: Aim of the study was to optimize child grosth by investigating the relationship between breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice and stunting among 6-12 mo infants, and to examine the zinc status of 6-12 months old stunted infants.
Method : A "nested" case-control design was used in this study. Subjects were stunted and nonstunted infants.
Results : A total of90 subjects of 6-12 mo infants in Tangerang participated in this study (30 cases and 60 _Is). Purposive sampling was used to obtain cases, while simple random sampling was used among matched controls (by gender and age). Gender were equally distributed in both groups. Mostof1he subjects (733%) were between 9-12 mo. Birth weight <-1 SD were found in 24.4% and length (n = 44) <-I SO in 15.9% subjects. Respondents, the subjects'mothers; mostly (87.8%) were between 17-35 yr and 58.9% were low educated.. Almost all (96.7%) subjects had zinc intake below Indonesian RDA 2004. This study demonstrated that birth weight <-1 SD was a significance risk factor (p<0.001; OR = 7.57) fur stunting. Statistical analysis showed that inappropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice increased 1he risk fur stunting (OR= 1.122; 95% Cl 0351-3587), although statistically not significant. Further analysis showed that not continuing breastfeeding was a significant risk further for stunting (OR = 5.8 and p = 0.039). Mean serum zinc levels of 1he stunted subjects was 12.4 ± 1.7 umol/L (marginal levels 10.7-<13 pmollL). Serum zinc levels of 56.7% stunted subjects were under be normal levels (13 umol/L) and 20% hail low serum zinc levels <10.7 umol/L). Serum zinc levels did not show relationship with zinc in lake and height for age Z-score.
Conclusion : inappropriate feeding practice increased 1he risk for stunting. Mean serum zinc levels of stunted subjects in this study were in marginal range."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2008
T32010
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Wanda Gautami
Perlambatan Pertumbuhan pada Anak Dengan Riwayat Prematur dan Berat Lahir Rendah: Studi Pendahuluan = Weight Faltering in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infant: Preliminary Study
"Bayi prematur memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami gagal tumbuh. Penelitian prospektif ini melibatkan subyek bayi dengan usia koreksi 0−24 bulan dengan riwayat prematur dan berat lahir rendah di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Dilakukan identifikasi status gizi dan identifikasi perlambatan pertumbuhan dan faktor risikonya, kemudian dinilai luaran pertumbuhan pada satu bulan pasca intervensi nutrisi satu bulan. Total subyek yaitu 146 bayi usia koreksi 0−24 bulan dengan riwayat prematur dan BBLR, didapatkan status gizi berupa 84,9% gizi baik, 4,1% gizi kurang, 0,7% gizi buruk, 9,2% gizi lebih, dan 0,7% obesitas; 83,6% BB normal, 11,0% BB kurang, 4,8% BB sangat kurang, dan 0,7% BB lebih; dan 69,9% perawakan normal, 21,9% perawakan pendek, dan 8,2% perawakan sangat pendek. Perlambatan pertumbuhan dijumpai pada 23,3% dengan menggunakan kriteria peningkatan berat badan (BB) di bawah persentil 15 dari peningkatan BB yang diharapkan berdasarkan WHO 2006, dengan median usia koreksi 4,2 bulan, dan pada populasi late premature. Perlambatan pertumbuhan yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan nutrisi yaitu sebesar 41,1%, dan sisanya ditemukan penyebab yang mendasarinya. Faktor risiko yang terkait dengan perlambatan pertumbuhan pada bayi prematur yaitu kurangnya asupan nutrisi sesuai dengan angka kecukupan gizi, usia koreksi 3−6 bulan, dan usia gestasi yang tergolong late premature. Dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang nonadherent, kelompok yang adherent terhadap intervensi nutrisi menunjukkan perbaikan yang bermakna pada seluruh indeks antropometri, baik BB/U, BB/PB, PB/U, maupun LK/U. Sebagai simpulan, dijumpai angka perlambatan pertumbuhan yang tinggi pada populasi bayi prematur khususnya pada usia koreksi 3−6 bulan dan late premature, dengan salah satu faktor risiko yang penting diperhatikan yaitu kurangnya asupan harian. Kepatuhan yang baik terhadap intervensi nutrisi dapat memperbaiki status gizi dan pertumbuhan.
Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants have a higher risk of growth failure. This prospective study involved infants with a corrected age of 0−24 months with a history of prematurity and LBW at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Identification of nutritional status and growth faltering and identification of risk factors were conducted at initial visit, then growth outcomes data was obtained at follow up visit after nutritional interventions. The nutritional status of 146 preterm and LBW infants with corrected age of 0−24 months were 84.9% well nourished, 4.1% undernourished, 0.7% severely undernourished, 9.6% overweight and 0.7% obese; 83,6% normal weight, 11,0% underweight, and 4,8% severely underweight; 69.9% normal stature, 21.9% short stature and 8,2% very short stature. Growth faltering was found in 23.3% infants using the criteria for weight increment below the 15th percentile based on WHO 2006, with median of corrected age of 4.2 months, and mostly happened in late preterm infants. Pure nutritional growth faltering was found in 41.1%, while the rest have underlying causes. Risk factors associated with growth faltering in premature infants are insufficiency of nutritional intake in accordance with recommended dietary allowance, corrected age of 3−6 months and late preterm. Compared with the nonadherent group, children who were adherent with standard behavioral and nutritional interventions showed a higher positive change in z scores for weight-for-age, weight-for-length, length-for-age, and head circumference-for-age. In conclusion, there is a high incidence of growth faltering in preterm and LBW infants, especially at the corrected age of 3−6 months and late preterm population, with an important risk factor is insufficiency of daily nutritional intake. Adherence to standardized nutritional interventions leads to improved nutritional status and growth."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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