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"Tujuan : (1) mengetahui perubahan kadar gala darah dalam 5 hari pasca serangan stroke; (2) rengetahui faktor risiko, status gizi, asupan energi dan karbohidrat serta pemberian insulin selama dirawat; (3) mengetahui hubungan antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan faktor risiko, indeks massa tubuh, asupan energi dan karbohidrat serta pemberian insulin pada pasien hiperglikemia.Tempat : Ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.Metodologi : Sebanyak 103 pasien diambil dengan diagnosa stroke iskemik dan hemoragik yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan. Dilakukan pengukuran antropometri yaitu berat badan dan tinggi badan. Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dilakukan yaitu kadar gula darah sewaktu hari 1 dan kadar gula darah puasa hari 2 - 5. HbA1. diperiksa pada pasien hiperglikemia. Data asupan energi dan karbohidrat melalui oral, enteral dan parenteral selama 24 jam pads hari I diambil secara recall dan hari 2 -- 5 secara record, hasil dianalisis dengan program food processor II. Perubahan kadar gula darah di uji dengan uji Friedman I uji Wilcoxon. Hubungan antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan faktor risiko diuji dengan uji Mann Whitney. Hubungan antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan indeks massa tubuh diuji dengan uji Kruskal Wallis. Korelasi antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan asupan energi dan karbohidrat di uji dengan korelasi Spearman rank.Hasil : Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh 51,5% stroke iskernik dan 49,5% stroke hemoragik. Faktor risiko yang di dapat adalah hipertensi, DM, kelainan jantung dan dislipidernia. Faktor risiko dibagi menjadi DM dan non DM. Median asupan energi dan karbohidrat masih dibawah kebutuhan. Pada stroke non DM kadar gula darah puasa tertinggi hari 2, terjadi penurunan bermakna hari 3, dan stabil hari 4 dan 5 sedangkan pads DM tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar gula darah antara kelompok stroke iskemik dan hemoragik pads stroke non DM dan tidak bermakna pads DM. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar gula darah puasa antara penderita stroke dengan DM dan non DM. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar gula darah puasa dengan indeks massa tubuh.,Terdapat korelasi lemah sampai sedang negatif antara kadar gula darah dengan asupan energi dan karbohidrat pada penderita non DM dan korelasi lemah sampai sedang positif pada DM. Pemberian insulin sesuai dengan pedoman dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pada beberapa pasien stroke dengan DM.Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perubahan kadar gula darah pads pasien stroke. Kadar gula darah puasa tertinggi hari 2 menurun bermakna hari 3 dan stabil hari 4 dan 5. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kadar gula darah dengan indeks massa tubuh. Terdapat korelasi lemah sampai sedang negatif antara kadar gula darah dengan asupan energi dan karbohidrat pada pasien stroke non DM.

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The Changes Of Fasting Glucose And Associated Factors In Stroke Patiens In Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital 2002Objective : (1) to investigate the changes of blood glucose within 5 days after stroke, (2) to observe the risk factors, body mass index, energy and carbohydrate intake (3) to analyze the correlation between blood glucose with the risk factors, body mass index, energy and carbohydrate intakes and insulin to hyperglycemia patients.

Location: Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta.

Subject and methods : One hundred and three patients with acute stroke were recruited as the subjects of the study. Antropometric assessments i.e. body weight and height were assessed in the 1 0 day of admission. Laboratory assessment i.e. blood glucose at the time in the 1 °' day and fasting blood glucose in the 2nd - 5th days, HbAic to patients with hyperglycemia. Energy and carbohydrate intakes from parenteral, enteral and oral route were calculated in the 10 day by recall and 2"d - 5th day by record and analyzed by food processor II program. The changes of fasting blood glucose was tested using Friedman I Wilcoxon test The correlation between changes of blood glucose with risk factors was tested using Mann Whitney U test The correlation between changes of blood glucose with body mass index was tested using Kruskal Wallis test. The correlation between change of blood glucose with energy and carbohydrate intake was tested using Spearman rank correlation.

Results : The type of stroke determined by clinical diagnosis and CT scan were ischemic stroke 51,5% and hemorrhagic stroke 48,5%. Risk factors found were : hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, dislipidemia and unknown risk factors. The risk factors were grouped into 2 categories : DM and non. DM. The median intake of energy and carbohydrate were below the requirement. Fasting blood glucose higher in the 2nd day, significant decrease in the 3`d day, and constant in the 4t- 5th day in non DM patient whereas in DM not significant There were significant difference in changes of fasting blood glucose between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in non DM patient whereas DM no significant There were no significant difference between changes of fasting blood glucose with body mass index. There was weak to moderate negative correlation between of fasting blood glucose and energy and carbohydrate intake using Spearman rank correlation in non DM patient. Insulin to decrease blood glucose for several DM stroke patients.

Conclusions : the current study indicates that there was changes of blood glucose in the stroke patients. There were higher in the 2"' day significant decrease in the 3`d day and constant in the 4d' - 5d' day. There was no significant difference in the changes of blood glucose fasting with body mass index. There was weak to moderate negative correlation between fasting blood glucose and energy and carbohydrate intake in non DM stroke patients."

"Tujuan :1. Diketahuinya kadar malondialdehida (MDA) plasma subyek penelitian2. Diketahuinya faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan MDA plasma pada subyek penelitian.Tempat : Poliklinik umum Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Padang (RSUP).Metodologi : Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional dilakukan pada 96 orang pasien baru laki-laki etnik Minangkabau. Pasien berusia 30 - 59 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari karakteristik demografi, asupan makanan dengan menggunakan metode semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) dan recall 2x24 jam, pengukuran antropometri dan pemeriksaan laboratorium profil lipid, gula darah puasa dan MDA plasma.Hasil Rerata umur subyek penelitian adalah 45 ± 7,5. Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara asupan lemak total dengan kadar kolesterol total (-r--0,268, p=0,008), LDL (r^ 0,258. p= 0,0I 1), HDL (r,280, p-31,006). ALJ menunjukkan korelasi positif bermakna dengan kadar kolesterol total (r= 0,272, p--0,007), LDL (r=0,266, p4ti,009) dan HDL (r=0,276, p= 0.006). Asupan ALTJT menunjukkan korelasi yang bermakna dengan kadar HDL plasma (1.0,240, p=0,018). Terdapat korelasi negatif bermakna antara asupan vitamin C dengan dengan kadar MDA plasma (r = -0,336, p = 0,001) dan vitamin E dengan kadar MDA plasma subyek penelitian (r=-0,236, p=D,020). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan asupan lemak total merupakan faktor yang paling berperan terhadap kadar kolesterol total plasma (p = 0,058), asupan lemak jenuh mempunyai hubungan yang paling bermakna dengan kadar LDL (p= 0,006), asupan ALTJT menunjukkan hubungan yang paling bermakna dengan kadar HDL (p= 0,009).Kesimpulan : Asupan antioksidan dan. serat masih kurang dari jumlah yang dianjurkan sedangkan asupan AU lebih dari jumlah yang dianjurkan. Faktor ini diduga yang menyebabkan prevalensi PJK tinggi pada etnik Minangkabau. Terdapat korelasi positif antara asupan lemak total dan ALJ dengan kadar kol.total, LDL dan HDL, sedangkan ALTJT mempunyai korelasi positif dengan kadar HDL. Asupan vitamin C dan vitamin E mempunyai korelasi negatif dengan kadar MDA plasma.

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Objective :

1. To study the plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration

2. To study the factors associated with plasma MDA

Place : Clinics of Central General Hospital in Padang

Method: A cross sectional study was carried out among 96 new male patients, age 30 - 59 years old, Minangkabau ethnic, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected by consecutive sampling . Data collected were demographic characteristics, food intake using semi quantitative FFQ and two days 24-hour recall method (fat, antioxidants and fiber intake), antropometric and laboratory. (lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and malondialdehyde concentration).

Results : Mean of age was 45 ± 7,5 years . There were significant positive correlations between total fat intake with total cholesterol (r=0,268, p4,008), LDL (r`- 0,258, p= 0,011), HDL (r.1,280, SFA intake showed significant positive correlation with total cholesterol (r 0,272, p=0,007), LDL (r-0,266, p~,009) and HDL (r-4,276, p= 0.006). There was significant positive correlations between MUFA intake and HDL (r~,240, p=0,018). There were significant negative correlations between vitamin C and vitamin E intakes with plasma MDA (r = -0,336, p = 0,001 ; r=0,236, p=0,020), There was difference of mean plasma MDA level between different levels of vitamin C intake (p=0,001). The result of multivariat analisis showed total fat intake mostly association with plasma total cholesterol (p" 0,058), SFA intake most associated with LDL (p 0,006) and MUFA intake most associated with HDL (p:1,009).

Conclusion : Intake of antioxidants and fiber were still below the recommendation while total SFA was higher than recommended. These factors might be the cause of cardiovascular disease in Minangkabau ethnic.There were significant positive correlation between total fat and SFA intake with total cholesterol total ,LDL, HDL. There were significant positive correlation between MUFA intake and HDL There were significant negative correlation between vitamin C and vitamin E intake with dengan MDA plasma."

"Bahan dan Metode : Desain cross seksional pada 99 subyek laki-laki tahun yang dipilih secara simple random sampling dari sarnpel MONICA Jakarta III. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data umum subyek, asupan makanan, antropometri, tekanan darah, EKG dan pemeriksaan laboratorium darah. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji X2, Fisher dan Kolmogorov-Smimov, Mann Whitney dan korelasi Pearson / Spearman rank.Hasil : Kadar feritin serum ?200 p.glL tedapat pads 8,1% subyek. Asupan besi total 4,81 mg (1,59-13,24 mglhari), besi hem 0,21 mg (0-1,22 mg/had), 93,9% asupan besi kurang 1 AKG. Terdapat 13,1% dengan IMT >27 kglm2, 20,2% dengan Lpe X94 cm aan rasio LpelLpa X0,95; 34,3% dengan tekanan darah >149190 mm Hg, Kadar kolesterol total abnormal 41,4% (?200 mgldL); kolesterol HDL abnormal 63,6%(z40 mgldL); kolesterol LDL abnormal 52,5% (?130 mgldL); trigiiserida abnormal 11,I%(200 mg/dL); gula puasa abnormal 5,1% (?126 mgldL). Kebiasaan merokok pada 54,5% subyek. Tidak trdapat korelasi bermakna antara asupan besi total (r--0,038) dan besi hem (r,027) dengan feritin serum. Rasio Odds kasar antara feritin serum dengan PJK (diagnostik EKG) 5,5 kali (CI. 0,87-34,33). Pada uji statistik didapat perbedaan bermakna median feritin serum pads subyek diabetes daengan non diabetes (p~,001) dan subyek dengan kelebihan lemak tubuh dengan subyek dengan lemak tubuh normal (Lpe dengan p:1,009; LpelLpa dengan p"0,047).Kesimpulan: Didapatkan hubungan tidak bermakna antara feritin serum dengan asupan zat gizi. Terdapat hubungan moderat antara feritin serum dengan risiko PJK. Subyek dengan feritin serum ? 200 .iglL mempunyai kecenderungan risiko 5,5 kali menderita PJK (diagnostik EKG) dibandingkan subyek dengan feritin serum <200 p.g(L,

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Serum ferritin in men 35 years old or over and its relating factors at Mampang PrapatanMethods : A cross sectional study had been carried out of on 99 subjects age 35 years selected using simple random sampling method from MONICA Jakarta's III sample. Data collected consist of socio-economic state, dietary intake, anthropometric, laboratory, blood pressure and electrocardiogram examination. Statistical analysis was performed by X-, Fisher, Kolmogorov-Sm imov, Mann-Whitney, and Pearson/ Spearman rank correlation.Result : Serum ferritin 1200 1.tglL was found in 8,1% subjects. Total iron intake 4,81 mg (1,59-13,24 mg/day), heme iron 0,21 mg (0-1,22 mg/day), 93,9%% of iron intake below the RDA. There were 13,1% subjects with BMI >27 kg/m2; 20,2% with AC >94 cm and WHR >0,95; 34,5% with blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg. Abnormal total cholesterol level 41,4% (1200 mg/dL); abnormal HDL cholesterol 63,6% (<40 mg/dL); abnormal LDL cholesterol 52,5% (1130 mg/dL); abnormal triglyceride 1,1% (~0d mg/dL); abnormal fasting glucose 5,1% (?126 mgldL); 54,5% had smoking habits. Lack association between total iron (r=-0,038) and heme iron (r 0,027) with serum ferritin. Men with ferritin serum 1200 l.tg1L had an crude odds ration 5,5 fold suffer from CHD (according to ECG diagnostic) compare to subjects with ferritn serum <200 .iglL (CI. 0,87-34,33). Statistical analysis showed significant difference of serum ferritin median in diabetic and non diabetic subjects (p:1,001), overfatness subjects and normo fatness subjects (AC with. pC,009 and WHR with p=0,047).Conclusion : There is no significant relationship between serum ferritin level and dietary intake. Bivariate analysis found moderate relationship between serum ferritin and CHD. Men with serum ferritin 1200 pglL had a crude odds ratio 5,5 fold suffer from CHD (according to ECG diagnostic) compare to the subjects with serum ferritin < 200 pg/L."

"Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian : Suatu penelitian eksperimental telah dilaksanakan pada 29 orang wanita hamil trimester II dengan anemia (kadar Hb 8 - 10,9 g%) pengunjung poliklinik Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Puskesmas di wilayah Kecamatan Kebayoran Baru Jakarta Selatan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian pil besi (ferrosulfat 200 mg + asani folat 0,25 mg) & riboflavin (5 mg) terhadap kenaikan kadar Hb. Kelompok I (perlakuan) diberikan pil besi & riboflavin dan kelompok II (kontrol) hanya diberikan pil besi. Lama penelitian; 6 (enam) minggu, diberikan 1 X / hari. Hasil : Terdapat prevalensi anemia 30,77 % dengan kadar Hb 10,18 ± 0,92 untuk kelompok perlakuan dan 10,29 ± 0,49 untuk kelompok kontrol. Asupan kalori, protein, zat besi dan riboflavin di bawah AKG. Terdapat kenaikan status hematologi kedua kelompok setelah suplementasi, secara analisis statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05 ). Kelompok perlakuan rerata nilai perubahan VER & HER naik Iebih besar dibanding kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan rerata nilai perubahan VER 3,13 ± 2,42 dan HER 1,84 ± 2,56, kelompok kontrol rerata nilai perubahan VER 0,86 ± 3,11 dan HER 0,07 ± 1,44. Secara analisis statxstik berbeda bermakna (p < 0,05 ). Kesimpulan : Prevalensi anemia pada wanita hamil trimester II 30,70 %. Penyebabnya asupan zat gizi kurang dari AKG. Kenaikan Hb setelah suplementasi pil besi ditambah riboflavin setiap hari selama 6 minggu tidak berbeda bermakna. Kenaikan VER dan HER secara analisis statistik pada kekompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol.

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Material and methods: An experimental study was done on 29 pregnant women, 2nd trimester, with anemia (Hb 8 - 10,9 g %) attending the mother and child Health Care at the Public Health Centre of Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan. The aim of the study was to study the effect of Iron and Riboflavin Tablets supplementation on the level of Hb. The treatment group was given Iron Tablets (Ferrous sulfate 200 mg and folic acid 0,25 mg) and Riboflavin 5 mg where as the control group was given Iron Tablets only. The duration of the study was 6 weeks.

Results : The prevalence of anemia was 30,77 % with Hb levels of 10,18 ± 0,92 for the treatment group and 10,29 ± 0,49 for the control group. Calory intake, Protein, Iron and Riboflavin were below the RDA. Hematological state increases in both groups after supplementation but it was not statistically significant (p > 0,05). In the treatment group the changes of MCV & MCH was bigger compared to control that was changes MCV 3,13 ± 2,42 and MCH 1,84 ± 2,56 compared to changes MCV 0,86 ± 3,11 and MCH 0,07 t 1,44. These results were statistically significant (p < 0,05).

Conclusion : The prevalence of anemia in pregnant woman, 2ND triunes ter was 30,70 %. The etiology of anemia was mainly nutrient intake that was below the RDA. Iron and Riboflavin Tablets Supplementation every day for 6 weeks did not increase the hemoglobin level significantly compared to iron tablets supplementation alone. However, changes in MCV & MCH in riboflavin group were significantly different."

"Iron deficiency anemia among under live children is highly prevalent in Indonesia and is considered as a public health problem. Iron supplementation seems to be the most appropriate way to control iron deficiency in relatively short period of time. Children consume less food than adult and their diet often consists of foods with little iron content and poor iron bioavailability. Additional iron to food for children is therefore necessary. One possible food chosen as alternative vehicle to prevent iron deficiency among children is bread. This study gave iron supplementation using bread as vehicle which provided 25% of daily iron requirement of preschoolers to address iron deficiency problem in relatively short period of time.The study report is arranged and divided into three parts- Part I includes the background of the study, problem statement, rationale of the study, literature review, hypotheses, objectives and variable-indicator matrix.Part 2 is the manuscripts for publication. The manuscript ?The efficacy of iron supplementation using bread as vehicle of preschoolers in Surabaya, East Java? is written for submission to Asia Pasific Journal. This pan consists of abstract, introduction, materials and methods including study and subjects, sample size, study design, data collection, statistical analysis, ethical consideration, results, discussion, conclusion and references.Part 3 describes the questionnaire used for 'the data collection, detailed methodology and important results that have not been presented in the manuscript, ethical consideration, grant approval, references and curriculum vitae."

"Tujuan: (1) mengetahui perubahan status protein dalam 5 hari pasca serangan stroke; (2) mengetahui faktor risiko, status gizi dan asupan energi dan protein selama dirawat; (3) mengetahui hubungan antara perubahan status protein dengan faktor risiko, status gizi dan asupan energi dan protein.Tempat: Ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo.Metodologi: Sebanyak 77 pasien diambil dengan diagnosis stroke iskemik dan hemoragik yang memenuhi kriteria perterimaan. Dilakukan pengukuran antropometri yaitu berar badan dan tinggi badan. Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dilakukan yaitu kadar albumin plasma pada hari kel dan ke 5, NUU dan kleatinin urin dari urin tampttng 24 jam pada hari ke 1, 3 dart 5. Data asupan energi dan protein melalui oral, enteral dan parenteral selama 24 jam pada hari ke 1, 3 dan 5, hasil dianalisis dengan program Food Processor II. Imbang nitrogen diperoleh dengan menghitung asupan nitrogen dan NUU 24 jam. Hubungan antara parameter Status protein dengan faktor risiko diuji dengan uji One Way ANOVA/uji Kruskal Wallis. Hubungan antara parameter status protein dengan status gizi diuji dengan uji t berpasangan/uji Man Whitney U. Korelasi antara parameter status protein dengan asupan energi dan protein diuji dengan uji korelasi Spearman Rank.Hasil: Hasil penelitian diperoleh 67,5% stroke iskemik dan 32,5% stroke hemomgik Faktor risiko yang didapat adalah hipertensi, diabetes melitus, kelainan jantung dan dislipidemia, faktor risiko dibagi menjadi faktor risiko terkontrol, tidak terkontrol dan belum ditemukan Fktor risiko. Median asupan energi dan protein masih dibawah kebutuhan. Terdapat penurunan bermakna Radar albumin hari ke 5 dan peningkatan NUU hari ke 3, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna kadar kreatinin urin. Imbang nitrogen negatif selama penelitian. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar albumin antara kelompok pasien stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna parameter status protein antara ke 3 kelompok faktor risiko. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar albumin hari ke 1 dan 5 serta kadar kreatinin urin hari ke 3 dan 5 antara kelompok pasien dengan status gizi normal dan berat badan lebih,.Terdapat korelasi lemah antara parameter status protein dengan asupan energi dan protein. Korelasi lemah sampai sedang terdapat antara imbang nitrogen dengan asupan energi dan protein.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat penurunan status protein pada pasien stroke. Terdapat penurunan bermakna kadar albumin, hari ke 5, peningkatan nilai NUU hari ke 3, tidak ada perubahan kadar kreatinin urin, imbang nitrogen negatif selama penelitian.

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Objective: (1) to investigate the changes of protein slams within 5 days alter stroke, (2) to observe the risk factors, nutritional status, energy and protein intake, and analyze the correlation with protein indicators, (3) to analyze the correlation between protein indicators with energy and protein intake.Location: Ci ptolvlangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta.Subject and Methods: Seventy seven patients with acute stroke were recruit as the subjects of the study. Anthropometry assessments i.e body weight and height were assmsed in the 1st day of admission. Laboratory assessment i.e albumin were assessed in the 1' and 5?? day. Urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) and urinary creatinine were assessed in the 1st, 3rd and 5th day using 24-hour urine collection. Energy and protein intake from parenteral, enter-al and oral route were calculated in the 1st, 3rd and 5th day and analyzed by Food Processor ll program. Nitrogen balanced was calculated by substracting nitrogen intake with urinary nitrogen. The correlation between protein indicators with risk factors was tsted using One Way ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis test. The correlation between protein indicators with nutritional status was tested using t test/Man Whitney U test. The correlation between protein indicators with energy and protein intake was tested using Spearman Rank Correlation.Results: The type of stroke determined by clinical diagnosis were; ischemic stroke 615% and hemorrhagic stroke 32,5%. Risk factors found ofthe subjects were: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia and unknown risk lilctors. The risk factors were grouped into 3 categories; controlled risk factors, uncontrolled risk factors and unknown risk factors. The median intake of energy and protein were below the requirement There were significant decrease in serum albumin in the 5th day and increase in UUN in the 3rd day, and no significant difference in urinary creatinine. During the study, there were negative nitrogen balance. No significant difference in protein indicators between risk factors group. There were significant difference in protein indicators between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and significant difference in serum albumin and urinary creatinine between normal weight and overweight There was no correlation significant between protein indicators and energy and protein intake using Spearman Rank correlation The correlation between protein indicators and nitrogen balance was significant.Conclusions: The current study indicates that there was decreases of protein status in stroke patients. There were significant decrease in serum albumin in the 5th day and increase in UUN in the 3rd day, and there were negative nitrogen balance during the study."

"Telah banyak laporan penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa dengan melakukan olahraga, kepadatan mineral tulang dapat meningkat. Salah satu usaha untuk mengorganisir bentuk senam baku bagi masyarakat adalah dengan dibentuknya Senam Pencegahan Osteoporosis (SPO). Apakah dengan mengikuti SPO kepadatan mineral tulang dapat meningkat? Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut maka 46 orang coba sehat berumur 25-35 tahun, yang sebelumnya tidak pemah berolahraga dan tidak sedang melakukan olahraga lainnya, dibagi dalam dua kelompok studi dan control. latihan SPO dilaksanakan 3 kali seminggu selama 3,5 bulan. Dengan cara mengukur kepadatan tulang sebelum dan setelah latihan dengan menggunakan alat Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) maka didapatkan adanya peningkatan yang bermakna pada tulang ulna, vertebral lumbal 2 dan vertebral lumbal 1-2. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan adanya indikasi kuat bahwa SPO dapat meningkatkan kepadatan mineral tulang terutama di tulang ulna dimana pada lokasi ini sering lebih cepat mengalami kekeroposan.

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Reports of surveys on exercises which can increase bone mineral density have already been proven in many studies. One of the efforts to organize a formal physical exercise training for every level of society is the formation of Senam Pencegahan Osteoporosis (SPO) - Physical Exercise to Prevent Osteoporosis. Can this exercise increase the bone mineral density? For that purpose a total of 46 healthy young women ranging from 25 -35 years of age who had never done any exercise before or even were not involved in any kind of exercise at the time of the study were divided into two groups (study and control groups) and volunteered to proceed a 3 times a week of this exercise for 3,5 months. Bone mineral density were measured by using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). A Significant increase of bone mineral density in the ulna, vertebrallumbal 2 and vertebrallumbal 1 -2 were detected. Thus it can be concluded that there is a strong indication that Senam Pencegahan Osteoporosis can increase bone mineral density especially the ulna which has a high risk of osteoporosis."

"ABSTRAKRuang Lingkup dan Cara Peneltian: Malnutrisi merupakan gejala yang sering dijumpai pada pasien kanker kolorektal. Pada penderita sering terjadi anoreksia, mual, muntah yang dapat menyebabkan asupan makanan berkurang, disamping adanya peningkatan kebutuhan energi dan gangguan metabolisme. Adanya hubungan berbagai faktor dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi. Transferin merupakan salah satu parameter sensitif untuk menilai adanya perubahan status nutrisi pada pemberian tunjangan nutrisi. Yoghurt merupakan susu yang telah mengalami fermentasi menjadi komponen-komponen yang lebih mudah dicerna, mudah diabsorpsi, mempunyai nilai gizi tinggi dan tidak menimbulkan laktosa intolerans. Telah dilakukan penelitian experimental pada pasien kanker dengan pemberian yoghurt 3 x 160g/hari + gula 3 x 20g/hari dibandingkan dengan tunjangan nutrisi susu 3 x 200 ml/hari + gula 3 x 20 g/hari selama 7 hari. Pada awal dan akhir pada kedua kelompok dilakukan pemeriksaan antropometrik dan kadar transferin serum. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa : Prevalensi malnutrisi pada penderita kanker cukup tinggi (76.74%). Dengan pemberian tunjangan nutrisi yoghurt didapatkan kenaikan transferin dan berat badan bermakna (p<0.05). Sedangkan pada kelompok susu kenaikan'transferin dan berat badan tidak bermakna (p > 0.05). Respon penderita kanker terhadap pemberian tunjangan nutrisi tidak selalu lama, tergantung dari_ penyebab malnutrisi. Akan tetapi dapat disimpulkan dengan pemberian nutrisi adekuat pada penderita kanker masih dapat ditingkatkan dan dipertahankan status nutrisi penderita, sehingga status nutrisinya tidak bertambah buruk."