Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Disertasi ini membahas pemaknaan Rangda di dalam teks Calon Arang (CA) dan Novel Janda dari Jirah (JDJ). Rangda merupakan mitos yang paling penting di dalam tradisi Bali. Teks CA memperlihatkan sosok Rangda yang memiliki karakter negatif. Hal ini sesuai dengan fungsinya di dalam praktik budaya Bali. Di dalam novel JDJ, pengarang diduga melakukan dekonstruksi dengan memberi citra baru Rangda. Rangda digambarkan memiliki karakter positif.Disertasi ini menerapkan pendekatan hermeneutika Ricoeur yang menekankan dialektika antara penjelasan dan pemahaman. Ada tiga langkah penting, yakni distansiasi, interpretasi, dan apropriasi. Tahap distansiasi meliputi analisis struktur teks (sintaksis dan semantik). Interpretasi dilakukan berdasarkan struktur yang telah dibuat. Struktur yang telah dianalisis berfungsi sebagai lintasan yang mengarahkan penafsiran agar tidak sewenang-wenang. Tahap apropriasi merupakan peleburan cakrawala teks dan cakrawala penafsir. Penafsir memahami dirinya lebih baik.Studi ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan penting. Pertama, pengarang novel JDJ tidak melakukan dekonstruksi terhadap teks CA. Ia hanya menampilkan sisi santa dari Dewi Durga. Kedua, analisis interteks memperlihatkan adanya kontradiksi muatan keagamaan. Teks CA menekankan ajaran Siwa, sedangkan novel JDJ menekankan ajaran Buddha. Ketiga, analisis interaksi tokoh menunjukkan perbedaan dalam memandang persoalan kepatuhan. Teks CA mengungkapkan pesan utama tentang kepatuhan kepada Dewa (bersifat vertikal), sedangkan novel JDJ mempersoalkan kepatuhan kepada aturan yang dibuat manusia (bersifat horisontal). Keempat, melalui tinjauan kritis terhadap kedua teks dipertajam persoalan relasi kuasa antara raja dan pendeta. Di dalam teks CA, kedudukan raja dan pendeta dimuliakan, sedangkan novel JDJ mempersoalkan krisis kekuasaan raja dan pendeta.

---

This dissertation examines the meaning of Rangda, an important character of both the text of Calon Arang (CA) and of Janda dari Jirah (JDJ). As a matter of fact Rangda stands significantly in the Balinese traditional myths. The text of CA shows the figure of Rangda with a negative quality, and this is in accordance with its function in the practice of Balinese culture. However, through the novel JDJ, the character has been allegedly deconstructed by uplifting a new image of Rangda due to its positive quality character.Here, Ricoeur's hermeneutic approach is applied since it emphasizes the dialectic between explanation and understanding. There are three steps. First, distanciation that analyzes structure consisting mainly of syntax and semantics. This structure functions as the trajectory in order to avoid an arbitrary interpretation. The second is about interpretation which is made based on the structure. Finally, the third is appropriation which is the fusion of horizon between the text and of the reader. As a result, readers themselves understand the text better.There are several important conclusions by this study. First, the author of JDJ didn't deconstruct the text of CA. She just displayed the aspect of saint found in Durga. Second, the intertextual analysis identified the contradiction of religious content. The text of CA emphasized the doctrine of Siwa, while, the novel of JDJ the thought of Buddha. Third, the interaction analysis shows the different obedience issues. Text CA reveals an obedience to the rule of God, which is vertical, and the novel JDJ represents an obedience to the human rules, which is horizontal. Fourth, through a critical review towards those two texts the question of power relations between the king and the priest is strongly sharpened. Text CA legitimates the position of the king and the priest, while the novel JDJ shows the crisis of power of both."

""Dunia Baru" mendekonststruksi paradigma dari para penjelajah Eropa yang datang ke Karibia, dan ini merupakan ideologi dari para poskolonialis Karibia. Omeros, sebuah epik karya Derek Walcott, dan The Enigma of Arrival, sebuah novel otobiografi karya VS Naipaul, mengangkatnya sebagai upaya membangun identitas dan kontestasi melawan hegemoni kolonial. Masing-masing menerapkan strategi dalam mengadaptasi pandangan-pandangan Eropa sebagai salah satu elemen fiksinya. Namun demikian, keduanya ternyata mengusung berbagai makna ambivalen demi makna-makna yang hendak dikemukakan dalam kaitannya dengan poskolonialitas Karibia. Bagaimana masing-masing mengetengahkan makna-makna dekonstruktif tersebut merupakan fokus dari disertasi ini. Juga, dipaparkan di sini analisis terhadap masing-masing perspektif dalam mengangkat ideologi tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah poskolonial, dan sebagai kajian sastra metodologi yang diterapkan ialah analisis tekstual. Pemahaman dan interpretasi secara kualitatif terhadap teks-teks merupakan hal yang utama dalam mengerjakan kajian di sini. Karena pada dasarnya sastra Karibia ada dalam ranah atau konteks poskolonial, beberapa teks penting lainnya dibahas demi keperluan pembahasan permasalahan-permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam korpus penelitian, Omeros dan The Enigma of Arrival. Dalam hal ini sumbangan pikiran dari Stuart Hall tentang identitas kultural menjadi landasan penting bagi pembahasan berbagai fenomena yang terjadi di Karibia, di samping juga teoriteori mendasar mengenai poskolonialisme itu sendiri. Akhirnya, beberapa temuan sebagai hasil kajian penelitian disertasi ini. Pertama, strategi adaptasi terhadap pandangan Eropa oleh Omeros diterjemahkan ke dalam ide tentang Eden Baru, dan The Enigma of Arrival mengungkapkannya dalam Kebun Jack. Keduanya menjadi representasi cara baru dalam membangun identitas, yang menekankan masa depan karena masa lalu hanya menjadi mitos yang mengganggu dan sekadar memenuhi memori. Kedua, ada beberapa aspek yang dimiliki Eden Baru dan Kebun Jack, yakni perubahan, perbedaan, dan masa depan. Ketiga, bagi Omeros cara menghadapi masa depan ialah berani dan bijak mengadaptasi pandangan Eropa untuk disesuaikan dengan kondisi lokal. Bagi The Enigma of Arrival cara menghadapi masa depan ialah berdiri sejajar dengan dunia Eropa sehingga inferioritas warisan masa lalu tidak menghambat kemajuan.

---

"New World" is to deconstruct the paradigm owned by the European explorers of Caribbean. It is the ideology of Caribbean postcolonialists. Omeros, by Derek Walcott, and The Enigma of Arrival, by VS Naipaul, mounted it as an establishment of identity and contestation against the colonial hegemony. Each underwent a strategy, especially in adapting European views as one of its fictious elements. However, they provided ambivalent meanings in order to bring their own messages due to Caribbean post coloniality. How each of them deconstructed those views is the focus of this dissertation. It also analysed the perspective of each in uplifting the ideology.

The approach applied was postcolonial and as a literary study the methodology of this dissertation was textual analysis. Qualitatively understanding and interpreting the texts were the main conduct to undergo the study. Since the Caribbean literature belongs to the realm of postcolonial context, several important texts were worth discussing in order to analyze the problems found in the main corpus of study, Omeros and The Enigma of Arrival. Stuart Hall's notions on cultural identity was an important basis in providing any concepts dealing the Caribbean phenomena, besides also several significant theories about postcolonialism.

Finally, there are some findings in the dissertation. First, the strategy of adapting European views in Omeros provided a notion of New Eden and in The Enigma of Arrival a notion of "Jack’s Garden." Both represented a new way of establishing identity, in which the emphasis was mainly on the future life because the past stood as the myth which burdened with only memories. Secondly, some aspects of both New Eden and Jack’s Garden were change, difference, and future. Thirdly, for Omeros the way of facing the future was by adapting it into the local conducts, and not by imitating European views. Meanwhile, for The Enigma of Arrival the way of facing the future was to stand as high as Europe in order to abolish inferiority given by the past."

"Tesis ini merupakan penelitian yang menganalisis permasalahan perubahan gaya pada seniman dengan gangguan mental. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Depth Hermeneutics, yaitu Hermeneutika dalam yang memasukkan aspek-aspek Psikoanalisa dengan menggunakan data-data empiris berupa sejarah hidup Louis Wain sebagai penunjang untuk membahas bagian afektif dan skemata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan kerangka analisis untuk menjawab pertanyaan "mengapa terjadi perubahan gaya pada kasus-kasus seniman yang mengalami gangguan mental serta bagaimana prosesnya". Hasil penelitian menemukan model analisis baru berupa kerangka pikir yang terdiri atas bagian input, kognitif, afektif, dan skemata. Kerangka pikir ini juga dapat digunakan untuk menganalisa pembentukan gaya pada karya seni dan karya lainnya.

---

This thesis is an analysis of the changing styles in artists with mental disorders. This thesis using Depth Hermeneutics as analysis method, a Hermeneutics which using Louis Wain’s history as empirical data to analyze affective and schemata parts. The purpose of this thesis is to provide analysis framework that can be used to answer "why the changing styles in artists with mental disorders could happen and how is the process". The outcome is novel model of analysis formed in thinking framework which consists of input, cognitive, affective, and schemata. This framework can also be used to analyze the forming styles in artwork and other works."

"Pada abad ke-19 telah terbit karya-karya sastra dalam bahasa Melayu di Hindia Belanda dalam bentuk puisi, prosa, dan drama. Populasi semua genre sastra itu sekitar 70 karya yang terbit mulai pertengahan abad ke-19. Sebagian besar karya belum pernah dibahas, baik secara populer maupun ilmiah padahal banyak gambaran sosiologis dan kultural di dalamnya. Berdasar kenyataan ini maka disertasi ini dikerjakan dengan berfokus pada lima antologi puisi karya Bangsjawan (Boek Saier oetawa Terseboet Pantoen, 1857), H.G.L., (Pantoon Melajoe sama Tjerita Aneh-aneh, 1858), Maradjalan (Saër Nasehat Orang Berboeat Djahat dan Saër Negri Batawi, 1866), Pattinama (Sair Kadatangan Sri Maharaja Siam di Betawi, 1871/2000), dan Tan Teng Kie (Sya’ir Jalanan Kreta Api,1890/2000). Karya lima pengarang ini dipilih dari 44 antologi puisi berdasarkan kenyataan bahwa dalam karya mereka telah tergambar adanya modernitas. Mengingat pula bahwa karya-karya ini terbit dalam bahasa Melayu sebagai ekses dari ideologi kolonial yang tidak mengajarkan bahasa Belanda kepada penduduk terjajah, maka konsep ideologi kolonial ini dipakai sebagai pemicu analisis. Untuk memahami makna primer dan makna sekunder dari antologi-antologi puisi ini, dimanfaatkan teori signifikasi Barthes dan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Melalui analisis kemudian dapat dinyatakan bahwa karya-karya syair mereka menunjukkan adanya modernitas kolonial, jelas sebagai sastra modern, serta bagian integral dari sastra Indonesia modern.

---

In the 19th century, literary works in Malay in the Dutch East Indies were published in the form of poetry, prose, and drama. The population of all literary genres is about 70 works published in the mid-19th century. Most of the works have never been discussed, either popularly or scientifically, even though there are many sociological and cultural images in them. Based on this fact, this dissertation has been carried out by focusing on five anthologies of poetry by Bangsjawan (Syair boek or called pantun, 1857), HGL, (Malay pantun and strange stories, 1858), Maradjalan (Advice poetry so that people do not do evil and Syair about Batawi, 1866), Pattinama (Syair about arrival of Sri Maharaja Siam in Betawi, 1871/2000), and Tan Teng Kie (Syair about railroad construction, 1890/2000). The works of these five authors were selected from 44 poetry anthologies based on the fact that their works have depicted the existence of modernity. Also considering that these works were published in Malay as an excess of colonial ideology which did not teach Dutch to the colonized people, the concept of colonial ideology was used as a trigger for analysis. To understand the primary and secondary meanings of these anthologies of poetry, Barthes' theory of signification and the sociological approach of literature are used. Through analysis, it can be stated that their poetry shows the existence of colonial modernity, is clearly seen as modern literature, and is an integral part of modern Indonesian literature."

"ABSTRAKEra Industri 4.0 tidak diragukan lagi akan menghadirkan tingkat persaingan yang tidak seimbang karena munculnya robot sebagai pekerja. Ini, tentu saja, telah meningkatkan kekhawatiran di antara manusia. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi situasi ini adalah dengan meningkatkan kemampuan manusia dengan bantuan teknologi (yaitu, penalaan manusia). Namun demikian, meskipun metode alternatif ini dapat diterima, metode ini juga memiliki risiko sendiri karena kerentanan umumnya menyertai manusia dalam interaksi sehari-hari mereka dengan dunia dan teknologi, dan perubahan kesadaran dapat muncul sebagai konsekuensi dari interaksi ini. Oleh karena itu, untuk meminimalkan dampaknya yang berbahaya, kerangka pertimbangan etis yang tepat harus dirumuskan dengan berfokus terutama pada interaksi antara manusia dan teknologi dalam konteks ini. Untuk tujuan ini, penulis menggunakan metode pascafenomenologi Don Ihde sebagai alat analisis untuk mengungkapkan hubungan manusia dengan teknologi secara mendalam dan untuk menentukan tingkat refleksi etis dari sudut pandang ini. Ini penting karena, dalam pendekatan etika tradisional, kami tidak menganggap hubungan ini sebagai sumber penilaian etis, dan masalah etika baru-baru ini di Industri 4.0 lebih kompleks dari industri sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur-unsur pokok yang membentuk hubungan manusia dan teknologi dapat berfungsi sebagai aspek utama dari kerangka pertimbangan etis untuk penalaan manusia di era Industri 4.0.

---

ABSTRACTThe Industry 4.0 era will undoubtedly present an unbalanced level of competition, because of the emergence of robots as workers. This, of course, has increased concerns among humans. One way to overcome this situation is to improve human capabilities with the help of technology (i.e., human enhancement). Nevertheless, although this alternative method is acceptable, it also poses its own risks because vulnerability generally accompanies humans in their daily interactions with the world and technology, and altered consciousness can emerge as a consequence of these interactions. Therefore, in order to minimize any harmful impact, an appropriate ethical assessment framework must be formulated by primarily focusing on the interactions between humans and technology within this context. For this purpose, the authors use Don Ihde's postphenomenology method as an analytical tool for revealing the human relations with technology in-depth and for determining the level of ethical reflection from this standpoint. It is important because, in the traditional ethics approach, we do not regard this relation as a source of ethical judgement, and recent ethical problems in Industry 4.0 are more complex than the previous industry. The results show that the constituent elements of human and technological relationships can serve as the main aspects of an ethical assessment framework for human enhancement in the Industry 4.0 era."

"Penulisan sastra drama di Indonesia dari masa ke masa memperlihatkan perkembangan yang selaras dengan dinamika masyarakat sebagai sumber cerita yang tidak habis-habis. Setiap zaman memiliki sastra drama kanonnya sendiri-sendiri sekaligus merepresentasikan bentuk dan isi yang mencirikan semangat zaman. Demikian pula dengan sastra drama karya Akhudiat yang dibuat pada tahun 1970-an. Karya-karyanya sebagaimana juga karya penulis lain sezaman memperlihatkan semangat bereksperimen, baik dalam segi bentuk maupun isinya. Penelitian ini membahas lima karya Akhudiat yang dibuat antara tahun 1972 hingga 1977, dengan berfokus pada dua karya, yaitu "Jaka Tarub" dan "Re" yang dipandang menampilkan pencapaian kreativitas Akhudiat. Dua pendekatan digunakan untuk menelaah karya-karya tersebut, yaitu pendekatan struktural digunakan untuk mendapatkan komposisi setiap karya sebagai wujud dari realisasi gagasan Akhudiat, dan dari komposisi itu diperoleh teknik pengaransemenan yang berpola. Pola tersebut dalam tataran struktur, yaitu pola dramatik, pola bahasa, dan pola permainan. Selain komposisi secara struktural, karya-karya Akhudiat juga mengandung unsur tekstural, berupa musik dan gerak, yang membangun dramatik secara signifikan. Di samping masalah komposisi, pendekatan intertekstualitas terhadap karya-karya Akhudiat itu untuk menunjukkan jalinan antarteks yang membangun pemaknaan di pembaca. Pola hubungan transtekstualitas pada karya-karya tersebut memperlihatkan jenis hubungan antarteks berupa intertekstualitas, paratekstualitas, metatekstualitas, dan hipertekstualitas yang diwujudkan dalam berbagai tataran baik struktur maupun tekstur.

---

From time to time, the writing of drama in Indonesian literature has shown a development which is consistent with the dynamics of Indonesian community as its inexhaustible source of stories. Every era has its disciplinary canons of literary drama on their own as well as representing the form and content that characterizes the spirit of its age. Similarly, the literary dramas of Akhudiat's which were composed in the 1970s, as well as contemporary works by other authors in the respective era, show the spirit of experimentation, both in terms of form and content.

This study discusses Akhudiat five works which were written between 1972 to 1977, with a focus on two of his works, namely "Jaka Tarub" and "Re," which are perceived as a notable achievement of Akhudiat's creativity. Two approaches are used to examine these works. Firstly, the structural approach is used to obtain the composition of each work as a manifestation of the realization of Akhudiat's ideas, from which the patterned arrangement techniques are identified. The patterns studied at the structural level are the dramatic patterns, pattern of languages, and the pattern of the game. In addition to structural composition, Akhudiat's works also contain textural elements, such as music and movement, which build up the dramatic scenes significantly. Secondly, in addition to the structural approach, intertexuality approach is used since Akhudiat's works demonstrate intertextual fabrics which further develop readers-process of meaning-making. Transtextuality relationship patterns in those works also reflect the types of intertextual relations in the forms of intertextuality, paratextuality, metatextuality, and hypertextuality which are embodied in various levels, especially structure and texture."

"[ABSTRAKTeknologi bisa memiliki dampak terhadap masyarakat setara dengan pengaruhundang-undang atau kebijakan pemerintah, karena itu keputusan teknis, menurutAndrew Feenberg, harus masuk dalam ranah demokrasi. Yang menjadi perintangdemokratisasi teknologi adalah pandangan bahwa pengembangan teknologisepenuhnya mengandalkan nalar tanpa pengaruh faktor-faktor sosial, sehinggateknologi dianggap mempengaruhi tetapi tidak dipengaruhi nilai dan budayamasyarakat. Kajian teknologi dan pemikiran konstruktivisme sosial membuktikanbahwa teknologi dan masyarakat memiliki hubungan saling mempengaruhi.Feenberg berusaha memadukan esensialisme teknologis dan konstruktivismesosial dalam teori dua-tingkat. Namun, disertasi ini berargumen bahwaesensialisme teknologis tidak perlu dipertahankan karena peristiwadekontekstualisasi yang mengambil obyek alam dari konteksnya untuk menjadiobyek teknis tetap mempengaruhi lingkungan manusia, dan dalam reduksionismeyang memangkas sifat-sifat yang tidak diperlukan suatu obyek teknismenghasilkan limbah yang bisa berbahaya bagi manusia. Sebagai gantinya penulismengajukan teori yang menjelaskan perkembangan teknologi secara serentakdipengaruhi oleh susbistem teknologis, ekonomi dan sosial, yang masing-masingmemiliki dualitas struktur-kepelakuan dan semua subsistem ini salingmempengaruhi yang menyebabkan spiral perubahan teknologi, ekonomi danmasyarakat.;

---

ABSTRACTTechnology may have a significant impact comparable to the impacts ofregulations or policies of a government, therefore technical decision, according toAndrew Feenberg, should belong to the democratic sphere. The constraint todemocratization of technology is the thought that technology is fully developedbased on reason, without experiencing the influence of social factors. It impliesthat technology is influencing but not being influence by society. The field oftechnology studies and social constructivism prove that technology and societyare constituting each other. Feenberg has reconciled technological essensialismand social constructivism in his two-level theory. But, the dissertaion argues thatwe should not keep technological essentialism because the moment ofdecontextualization, which takes object from its natural context, influences theenvironment, and the moment of reductionism, which strips technically uselessqualities of technical object, disposes wastes that may be harmful to humanbeings. Therefore the dissertation suggest an alternative theory that explains thatthe development of technology is simultaneously influenced by technological,economic and social subsystems each of which has the duality of structure-agentand all subsystems are influencing each other which in turn cause the spiral of thedevelopment of technology, economy and society;Technology may have a significant impact comparable to the impacts ofregulations or policies of a government, therefore technical decision, according toAndrew Feenberg, should belong to the democratic sphere. The constraint todemocratization of technology is the thought that technology is fully developedbased on reason, without experiencing the influence of social factors. It impliesthat technology is influencing but not being influence by society. The field oftechnology studies and social constructivism prove that technology and societyare constituting each other. Feenberg has reconciled technological essensialismand social constructivism in his two-level theory. But, the dissertaion argues thatwe should not keep technological essentialism because the moment ofdecontextualization, which takes object from its natural context, influences theenvironment, and the moment of reductionism, which strips technically uselessqualities of technical object, disposes wastes that may be harmful to humanbeings. Therefore the dissertation suggest an alternative theory that explains thatthe development of technology is simultaneously influenced by technological,economic and social subsystems each of which has the duality of structure-agentand all subsystems are influencing each other which in turn cause the spiral of thedevelopment of technology, economy and society, Technology may have a significant impact comparable to the impacts ofregulations or policies of a government, therefore technical decision, according toAndrew Feenberg, should belong to the democratic sphere. The constraint todemocratization of technology is the thought that technology is fully developedbased on reason, without experiencing the influence of social factors. It impliesthat technology is influencing but not being influence by society. The field oftechnology studies and social constructivism prove that technology and societyare constituting each other. Feenberg has reconciled technological essensialismand social constructivism in his two-level theory. But, the dissertaion argues thatwe should not keep technological essentialism because the moment ofdecontextualization, which takes object from its natural context, influences theenvironment, and the moment of reductionism, which strips technically uselessqualities of technical object, disposes wastes that may be harmful to humanbeings. Therefore the dissertation suggest an alternative theory that explains thatthe development of technology is simultaneously influenced by technological,economic and social subsystems each of which has the duality of structure-agentand all subsystems are influencing each other which in turn cause the spiral of thedevelopment of technology, economy and society]"

"ABSTRAKDisertasi ini adalah penelitian yang melihat religiositas rantau Y. B. Mangunwijaya sebagai jalan keluar dari persoalan kebangsaan dan kemanusiaan di dalam tiga novelnya, yakni Ikan-ikan Hiu, Ido, Homa (1983), Durga Umayi (1991), dan Burung-burung Rantau (1992). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode close reading untuk menganalisis religiositas rantau di antara persoalan kebangsaan dan kemanusiaan dalam tiga novel tersebut.Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa tiga novel yang diteliti memperjuangkan ideologi rantau yang merupakan ideologi yang mendasari ketiga novel. Melalui ideologi tersebut ingin dilampaui berbagai persoalan kebangsaan dan kemanusiaan di masing-masing novel yang berlatar belakang ruang sosial, politis, dan geografis yang kemudian disebut dengan Indonesia di kemudian hari.

---

ABSTRACT

This dissertation is a result of a research which overlooked wandering religiosity as a way out for problems of nationality and humanity in Y. B. Mangunwijaya?s three novels, i.e Ikan-ikan Hiu, Ido, Homa (1983), Durga Umayi (1991), and Burung-burung Rantau (1992). The method used in this research is close reading to analyze the content of wandering religiosity among the problems of nationality and humanity in the three novels.

The finding of this research is that all the three examined novels struggle for wondering ideology, the basic ideology of the three novels. With this ideology, the writer offers solutions for various problems of nationality and humanity, as described in each novel, placed in social, political and geographical settings which will later be called Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKRelasi antara manusia dengan lingkungan selalu mengristalisasikanfenomena kontradiksi etis. Manusia memposisikan diri sebagai subjek moral yangbernilai superior sehingga mengakibatkan pandangan inferior atas alam hanyasebatas objek eksploitasi. Tradisi berpikir antroposentrik berparadigma atomistikmekanistikseperti ini diletakkan secara meyakinkan oleh para filsuf modernseperti Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, dan Emmanuel Kant. Segala sesuatudalam alam direduksikan fungsinya hanya pada dimensi rasionalitas logisatomistikyang memarginalkan posisi nilai-nilai. Tradisi berpikir yangmempersepsikan alam sebagai objek empiris membuka eksploitasi besar-besaranmengejar gagasan materialisme dan bisnis-ekonomi untuk meraih targetkeuntungan maksimal. Manusia akhirnya menjadi pribadi Homo economicusmaterialis. Krisis lingkungan muncul secara sporadis di seluruh belahan dunia.Dibutuhkan strategi filsafat moral-etis baru sebagai alternatif untuk membenahipersoalan ini. Para pemikir etika lingkungan sebelumnya seperti Arne Naess,Fritjof Capra, Aldo Leopold, dan Karen J. Warren belum mampu menawarkansolusi yang ideal dalam mengatasi relasi disharmoni antara manusia dengan liyan(others). Kelemahan dasar pemikiran mereka terletak pada dilupakannyaperspektif spiritual dalam konstruksi teori etika yang dibangun. Untuk itu disertasiini memeriksa pemikiran humanisme ekologis Henryk Skolimowski untukmenemukan konsep baru berperspektif spiritual yang dapat menjadi solusialternatif mengatasi kelemahan argumentasi etika sebelumnya. Penelitian inimenemukan adanya model manusia ekologis spiritual-etis (Homo ecologicus spiritual-etis) yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pilihan hidup dalam cara berada menjadimanusia (das sein) dalam relasi manusia dengan entitas alam. Menjadi Homoecologicus spiritual-etis mengandaikan langkah politik lingkungan berbasiskanlocal indigenous sebagai konteks aktualisasi pengembangan konsep Homoecologicus spiritual-etis. Kerangka teori utama yang digunakan yakni EtikaAristoteles yang menekankan dimensi karakter pribadi manusia yangberkeutamaan dalam relasi dengan entitas liyan. Metode penelitian menerapkanunsur refleksi etis versi Alasdair MacIntyre. Dengan menempuh prosedur berpikirmetodis demikian, dicapai pemikiran etis bermakna untuk menyelesasikan krisislingkungan global dan lokal serta memulihkan kontradiksi etis yang terjadi antaramanusia dengan alam menuju kebaikan bersama (bonum commune) segala entitaskomunitas ekologi alam.

---

ABSTRACTThe relationship between humans and the environment is always crystallizingethical contradictions phenomenon. Human positioning himself/herself as asubject of moral worth superior resulting in inferior view of nature was limited toobjects of exploitation. Anthropocentric thinking tradition and mechanisticatomisticparadigm like this laid convincingly by modern philosophers likeFrancis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and Emmanuel Kant. Everything in naturereduced function only on the atomistic and logical rationality dimension thatmarginalize the position of values. The tradition of thinking that perceives natureas an object of empirical opened massive operations to pursue the idea ofmaterialism and business-economy to achieve the maximum profit target. Humanseventually become materialist Homo economicus person. The environmentalcrisis appeared sporadically throughout the world. It takes a strategy of moralethicalphilosophy as the new alternative to solve this problem. The previousenvironmental ethics thinkers such as Arne Naess, Fritjof Capra, Aldo Leopold,and Karen J. Warren not yet able to offer the ideal solution to overcome thedisharmony relationship between human with others entity. The weakness of theirargument forgotten spiritual perspective in the construction of ethical theory wasbuilt. This dissertation examines the ecological humanism thought of HenrykSkolimowski to find a new concept of the spiritual perspective that can be analternative solution to overcome the weakness of the ethical arguments before.This study found an ecological model of spiritual-ethical of human being (Homoecologicus spiritual-ethical) that can be used as an option to live in a way becomea human being (das sein) in the human relationship with natural entity. Being aHomo ecological spiritual-ethical presupposes political measures based on localindigenous environment as a context for developing the concept of Homoecologicus spiritual-ethical. The main theoretical framework used the VirtueEthics of Aristotle that emphasizes the human dimension of personal characterthat is virtuous in relation to others entity. The research method applying ethicalreflection element version of Alasdair MacIntyre. By using this methodicalthinking procedure, achieved significant ethical thinking to solve global and localenvironmental crisis and restore the ethical contradictions that occur betweenhumans and nature towards the common good of all entity in nature ecologycommunity"

"Disertasi ini membahas relasi kuasa Arab-Indonesia dalam dua teks sastra mahjar Indonesia. Dua teks yang dipilih; Fat±t G±rut au Majhµlat an-Nasab dan Mahm± Gal± a£-¤aman, memenuhi keterwakilan dua negara Arab yang berbeda; yaitu Saudi Arabia dan Yaman, serta dua masa yang berbeda; sebelum kemerdekaan dan setelah kemerdekaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan relasi kuasa yang terdapat dalam interaksi sosial dan hubungan dominasi antara Arab dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep Pierre Bourdieu, ruang dan tempat serta teori naratologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Arab sangat dominan terhadap Indonesia, bahkan terhadap Belanda, Amerika dan Cina di dalam kekuasaan kolonial sebelum kemerdekaan, dan masa setelah kemerdekaan, di mana saat itu Arab hadir hanya lewat ujaran. Arab memperlihatkan kepemilikan semua jenis kapital; kapital ekonomi, kapital budaya, kapital sosial dan simbolik. Kepemilikan semua jenis kapital tersebut dijadikan strategi oleh Arab untuk mendominasi Indonesia.

---

This dissertation discusses Arab-Indonesia power relations in two Indonesian Mahjar literary texts. The two selected texts; Fat±t G±rut au Majhµlat an-Nasab dan Mahm± Gal± a£-¤aman, represent two different Arab countries; Saudi Arabia and Yemen, as well as two different periods of time; pre-independence and post- independence. The study aims to show the power relations that exist in social interactions and relations in terms of domination among Arab and Indonesia. This study utilizes the concept of Pierre Bourdieu, space and place and narratology theory. The results of this study revealed that Arab is very dominant over Indonesia, even over the Netherlands, the United States and China in the pre-independence colonial rule and post-independence period, at which time the Arab was only present through speech. Arab demonstrates ownerships of all types of capital; economic capital, cultural capital, social and symbolic capital. The ownerships of all types of capitals are used by Arab as a strategy to dominate Indonesia."