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"[ABSTRACTTorus palatinus dan torus mandibularis merupakan eksositosis yang umum ditemukan pada ras Mongoloid, ras dominan di suku Indonesia barat, yang dapat dijadikan bahan identifikasi forensik. Pada beberapa studi, torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis memiliki hubungan bermakna, dimana hubungan ini dapat menjadi data tambahan untuk identifikasi forensik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai prevalensi torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis serta hubungan keduanya pada populasi Indonesia bagian barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 274 Mahasiswa Baru Universitas Indonesia tahun ajaran 2014. Hasil penelitian prevalensi torus palatinus 77,4%, prevalensi torus mandibuaris 13,9%, dan ditemukannya torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis secara bersamaan sebesar 12,4% . Pada penelitian ini torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna.

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ABSTRACTTorus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found in Mongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can be used as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlation can be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalence of torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation between prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesian population. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 Univesitas Indonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus 77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinus and torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation;Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation;Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation, Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation]"

"ABSTRAKHiperkolesterolemia adalah kondisi gangguan metabolik yang sering dijumpai pada masyarakat dunia. Karena berkaitan erat dengan insidensi dislipidemia dan penyakit kardiovaskular, berbagai peneliti telah mencoba untuk menemukan terapi farmakologi terbaik untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Diantara beberapa obat pilihan utama adalah asam fibrat. Saat ini dikembangkan pengobatan dengan tanaman tradisional, salah satunya adalah Acalypha indica. Tanaman ini terbukti untuk penyembuhkan pneumonia, artritis, dan infeksi. Polifenol dan flavonoid yang terdapat dalam Acalypha indica diduga berperan penting dalam efek antihiperkolesterolemia yang dimilikinya. Diharapkan juga kandungan pada tanaman ini dapat menurunkan efek samping penggunaan obat konvensional. Uji preklinis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antihiperkolesterolemia dari ekstrak etanol akar Acalypha indica pada perlemakan hati, dibandingkan dengan terapi asam fibrat. Dua puluh dari dua puluh lima tikus Sprague-Dawley diinduki diit tinggi kolesterol-fruktosa selama empat minggu hingga mencapai kondisi tinggi kolesterol. Sampel dibagi menjadi lima grup berdasasrkan intervensinya, yakni kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, terapi gemfibrozil, terapi ekstrak Acalypha indica, dan terapi kombinasi gemfibrozil dan ekstrak Acalypha indica. Tikus kemudian diterminasi pada akhir periode intervensi. Hati tikus diambil dan diproses dengan blok parafin dan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin. Jaringan hati dinilai dengan kriteria Clinical Research Network Scoring untuk Steatohepatitis non alkoholik (NASH). Ekstrak Acalypha indica menurunkan deposisi lemak secara signifikan (p = 0,014), sama baiknya dengan terapi gemfibrozil (p = 0,003) dan terapi kombinasi (p = 0,003). Ekstrak etanol akar Acalypha indica merupakan agen antihiperkolesterolemia yang cukup menjanjikan untuk mengurangi deposisi lipid dan kejadian steatohepatitis non alkoholik pada jaringan hati tikus.

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ABSTRACT

Hypercholesterolemia is a common metabolic disorder found worldwide. As it is highly associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease incidence, researchers have been trying to find the best pharmacological therapy to lower cholesterol level. Among the first line choices drugs are fibrate. Acalypha indica, known as ?Akar Kucing? in Indonesian language, is a traditional plant used as medicine in most Asia countries. Previously, it has been proved to help to cure pneumonia, arthritis, and infection. Polyphenol and flavonoid found in Acalypha indica are considered to play an important role in its antihypercholesterolemia effect. It is also expected to have lower side effect than conventional drugs. This preclinical trial was aimed to investigate antihypercholesterolemia effect of Acalypha indicaroot extract on fatty liver tissue, compared to fibrate treatment. Sixteen from twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with high cholesterol-fructose diet for four weeks to reach fatty liver state. Samples were divided into four groups based on its intervention. Each group was processed with a four-week therapy with Acalypha indicaroot extract, gemfibrozil, combination of Acalypha indicaroot extract and gemfibrozil, and without any therapy, respectively. Rats were terminated at the end of intervention period. Liver were taken and processed with paraffin block and hematoxylin-eosin stain. Liver tissues were assessed using Clinical Research Network Scoring for Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Result: Acalypha indicaroot extract significantly reduced lipid deposition in fatty liver tissue (p = 0,014), as good as fibrate therapy using gemfibrozil (p = 0,003) and fibrate-Acalypha indica therapy (p = 0,003). Acalypha indica root extract is promising for use as antihypercholesterolemia agent to reduce lipid deposition and Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis incidence in fatty liver tissue."

"Latar belakang: SARS-CoV2, virus yang menyebabkan COVID-19 merupakan masalah kesehatan terbesar yang dihadapi dunia dewasa ini. Gangguan penghidu dan pengecap saat ini telah diakui menjadi suatu entitas gejala pada COVID-19 namun studi terkait evaluasi objektif dan tata laksana gangguan ini masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui gambaran klinis gangguan penghidu pada COVID-19 berdasarkan uji penghidu alkohol (UPA) dan uji penghidu intravena (UPI) serta efektifitas terapi hidung sebagai tambahan terapi standar pasien COVID-19 dengan gangguan penghidu. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak terkontrol paralel dengan penyamaran tunggal pada 2 kelompok menggunakan 24 pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 yang mengalami gangguan penghidu dan dirawat di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Juli-Oktober 2020. Penapisan gangguan penghidu menggunakan UPA dan dilanjutkan dengan UPI. Protokol terapi hidung yang digunakan terdiri dari steroid intranasal, cuci hidung Nacl 0,9%, dekongestan topikal dan balsam aromatik selama 2 minggu kemudian dilakukan analisis statistik perbedaan delta pada hasil pemeriksaan UPA dan UPI menggunakan Uji T independent atau Uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat 4 subyek yang keluar dari penelitian dan analisis akhir dilakukan hanya pada 10 subyek per kelompok. Pada pengukuran awal didapatkan rerata nilai pengukuran UPA yang terganggu (kontrol 5,13 ± 3,79; terapi 2,6 ± 2,23). Pada pemeriksaan UPI didapatkan perlambatan onset UPI {kontrol 26 (8-300); terapi :131,5 (20-300)} penurunan nilai durasi {(kontrol:111 (0-182); terapi:44 (0-70)}. Uji perbedaan delta semua variabel pasca terapi didapatkan bahwa terdapat hasil perbedaan signifikan pada onset UPI kelompok terapi (p<0,001) dibandingkan kontrol. Terdapat peningkatan persentase perbaikan semua biomarka: UPA (170,13%), onset UPI (13,45%), dan durasi UPI (32,82%) pada kelompok terapi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dengan keunggulan persentase >10%. Kesimpulan: Karakteristik gambaran gangguan penghidu pada subyek COVID-19 pada penelitian ini sesuai dengan jenis gangguan penghidu sensorineural. Subyek pada kedua kelompok mengalami perbaikan gangguan penghidu pasca follow up 2 minggu. Pemberian terapi hidung memberikan nilai tambah dengan bukti awal perbaikan pada nilai onset UPI dibanding pemberian terapi standar saja.

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Background: SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19, makes the disease biggest health problem the world facing today. Smell and taste disorders are currently recognized as a symptom entity in COVID-19, but studies related to objective evaluation and management of this disorder are still very limited. Aim : To evaluate the clinical presentation of olfactory disorders in COVID-19 based on the alcohol sniff test (AST) and the intravenous olfaction test (IOT) and the effectiveness of the nasal therapy protocol as an adjunct to standard therapy in COVID-19 patients with olfactory disorders. Methods: This study was a two-group single-blind randomized trial of 24 COVID-19 patients with olfactory disorders in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from July to October 2020. Assestment of olfactory function in this study was performed using AST and IOT. Screening for olfactory disorders performed using AST and followed by IOT. The nasal therapy used consisted of intranasal steroids, Nacl 0,9% nasal washing, topical decongestants and aromatic balms for 2 weeks. Statistical analysis of delta differences was carried based on the results of AST and IOT using independent T test or Mann Whitney test. Results: Four subject were lost to follow up. The final analysis was performed on each 10 subjects per group. The initial measurement showed all subjects included in this study have decreased AST value (control: 5.13 ± 3.79; therapy: 2.6 ± 2.23). Late onset IOT {control: 26 (8-300); therapy: 131.5 (20-300)}, decreased duration {(control: 111 (0-182); therapy: 44 (0-70)}. Statistical tests of delta differences of all post-therapy variabel found that there were significant results on delta IOT latency in the treatment group (p <0.001). There were difference of the percentage improvement of AST (170.13%), IOT onset (13.45%), and duration of IOT (32.82%) in the therapy group compared to the control group. with a percentage advantage >10% Conclusion: The characteristics of the olfactory disorder in COVID-19 subjects in this study were in accordance with the type of sensorineural olfactory disorders. Both subject of two groups have showed improvement in two weeks follow up. The administration of a nasal therapy provides early evidence of improvement in the IOT onset value compared to standard therapy alone."

"Retinopati diabetik (DR) merupakan komplikasi mikrovaskular diabetes melitus (DM). Fenofibrat oral dapat mencegah progresivitas DR dengan mekanisme pengaturan kadar lipid lipid-related dan mekanisme lain nonlipid-related, antara lain dengan mencegah disfungsi endotel, mengurangi inflamasi, dan angiogenesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek fenofibrat oral terhadap ketebalan makula sentral (CMT) dan volume makula, serta pengaruhnya pada kadar penanda biologis serum disfungsi endotel eNOS, inflamasi (VCAM-1), dan angiogenesis (VEGF) pada penyandang DR dengan dislipidemia.Penelitian prospektif ini menggunakan disain uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dengan membagi subjek menjadi kelompok intervensi simvastatin dan fenofibrat dan kontrol simvastatin dan plasebo. Penelitian berlangsung sejak Nopember 2016 hingga Oktober 2017, di Klinik Vitreo-retina, Departemen Medik Mata ndash;RSCM Kirana, melibatkan 60 mata dari 30 pasien penyandang DR non-proliferatif NPDR dengan dislipidemia. Penelitian pada tiap subjek dilakukan selama tiga bulan dengan evaluasi klinis, foto fundus, dan spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) makula tiap bulan. Pengukuran kadar eNOS, VCAM-1, dan VEGF, serta HbA1c dan profil lipid dilakukan sebelum dan setelah tiga bulan pengobatan.Sebelum intervensi, pada kedua kelompok tidak didapatkan perbedaan karakteristik demografik, klinik, dan penanda biologis serum. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada CMT kelompok simvastatin fenofibrat 248,0 40,4 m dibandingkan kelompok simvastatin plasebo 265,8 40,8 m, namun CMT lebih rendah secara bermakna pada bulan ke-1 pada kelompok simvastatin fenofibrat. Pada subjek dengan edema makula diabetik DME pemberian simvastatin fenofibrat setelah tiga bulan menunjukkan CMT lebih rendah secara bermakna. Volume makula setelah tiga bulan pemberian obat 10086 886,4 m3 pada kelompok simvastatin fenofibrat dan 10307 1058,6 m3 pada simvastatin plasebo. Perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna, namun pada subjek dengan regulasi glukosa darah yang baik HbA1c 7 didapatkan volume makula lebih rendah pada bulan ke-2. Kadar penanda biologis serum setelah tiga bulan pemberian obat menunjukkan rerata kadar eNOS dan median VEGF sebesar 3878,8 873,33 pg/mL dan 242,8 86 - 1123,3 pg/mL pada kelompok simvastatin fenofibrat, dibandingkan 4031,2 742,56 pg/mL dan 370 134,8 - 810,6 pg/mL pada kelompok simvastatin plasebo, yang tidak berbeda bermakna, namun penurunan kadar VCAM-1 serum lebih besar secara bermakna pada kelompok simvastatin fenofibrat 50,7 pg/mL, 32,5 - 223,4 pg/mL vs. 40,4 pg/mL, 27,9 - 94,2 pg/mL . Pada subjek dengan kontrol glukosa darah ketat HbA1c 6,5 kadar VEGF 128,7 114,5 - 145,2 pg/mL, lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan 423 86 - 1233,3 pg/mL pada subjek dengan HbA1c > 6,5 .Disimpulkan pemberian simvastatin fenofibrat selama tiga bulan pada subjek DR dengan dislipidemia secara umum tidak menurunkan CMT dan volume makula, namun menurunkan CMT khusus pada subjek DR dengan DME. Pemberian simvastatin fenofibrat pada subjek DR tidak mencegah penurunan kadar eNOS, peningkatan kadar VCAM-1 dan VEGF, namun pengendalian gula darah yang baik dapat mencegah peningkatan kadar VEGF. Simvastatin fenofibrat dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai terapi ajuvan pada penyandang DR dengan DME yang disertai dislipidemia. Pengontrolan glukosa yang baik merupakan manajemen utama pada DR.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) due to structural and biochemical changes. Previous studies showed that oral fenofibrate prevents DR progression through lipid-regulating and nonlipid-related mechanisms, including preventing endothelial dysfunction, reducing inflammation and angiogenesis. This study aims to investigate the effects of oral fenofibrate on central macular thickness CMT and macular volume, and on specific biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction eNOS, inflammation VCAM-1 , and angiogenesis VEGF in DR individuals with dyslipidemia.This is a prospective, double-blind randomized clinical trial, with subjects divided into intervention group simvastatin fenofibrate and control group simvastatin placebo. This study was conducted from November 2016 to October 2017 at the Vitreo-retina Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology ndash; RSCM Kirana, involving 60 eyes from 30 non-proliferative DR patients NPDR with dyslipidemia that met inclusion criteria. Each subject was observed for three months, with monthly clinical evaluation, fundus photo, and macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography SD-OCT . Serum eNOS, VCAM-1, and VEGF biomarkers, as well as HbA1c and lipid profile, were examined before and after intervention.Before intervention, there were no differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, and serum biomarker levels between two groups. After three months of treatment, there was no significant difference between CMT in the intervention group and the control group 248 40.4 ? m vs. 265.8 40.8 ? m , but a significantly lower CMT was observed in the intervention group at the first month. There was also a significantly lower CMT compared to the control group 294 39,2 vs 263 24,4, p=0,045 in eyes with diabetic macular edema DME . Macular volume after three-month treatment was 10086 886.4 ? m3 in the intervention group and 10307 1058.6 ? m3 in the control group, this difference was not significant. However, in all subjects with good blood glucose regulation HbA1c 7 , macular volume in the second month was significantly lower compared to subjects with HbA1c > 7 . Serum biologic marker levels after three-month treatment showed no significant difference between control and intervention group, respectively, in mean eNOS 3878.8 873.33 pg/mL vs 4031.2 742.56 pg/mL and median VEGF levels 242.8 86 - 1123.3 pg/mL vs 370 134.8 - 810.6 pg/mL . Nonetheless, the decrease in VCAM-1 level was significantly higher in the intervention group 50.7 pg/mL, 32.5 - 223.4 pg/mL vs. 40.4 pg/mL, 27.9 - 94.2 pg/mL . In subjects with tighter blood glucose control HbA1c 6.5 , serum VEGF level was 128.7 114.5 - 145.2 pg/mL, which was significantly lower compared to 423 86 - 1233.3 pg/mL in subjects with HbA1c > 6.5 .In conclusion, three-month treatment with simvastatin fenofibrate does not reduce CMT and macular volume in overall DR subjects with dyslipidemia, but it reduces CMT in subjects with DME. Simvastatin fenofibrate treatment in DR subjects does not prevent lowering of serum eNOS levels, elevation of VCAM-1 levels, and elevation of VEGF levels, but tight blood sugar control prevents elevation of serum VEGF. Although good glucose control remains the most essential in the management of DR, simvastatin fenofibrate may be considered as adjuvant therapy for DR with dyslipidemia and DME."