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"Latar belakang. Indonesia merupakan salah satu dari 11 negara di dunia yang memiliki angka kelahiran prematur terbanyak. Salah satu morbiditas bayi prematur yang umum dijumpai adalah anemia. Hal ini menyebabkan mereka sering mendapatkan transfusi darah di minggu-minggu pertama kehidupannya. Mencegah beratnya anemia akan mengurangi kemungkinan tranfusi dan risiko komplikasinya. Tujuan. Mengetahui karakteristik bayi prematur yang mengalami anemia sebelum usia kronologis 4 minggu di unit Perinatologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSCM Jakarta. Metode. Studi deskriptif retrospektif terhadap rekam medis semua bayi baru lahir prematur yang menjalani perawatan di unit perinatologi RSCM periode 1 Januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2013. Pemilihan subyek penelitian secara simple random sampling. Penilaian karakteristik bayi prematur meliputi kadar Hb, berat lahir, usia gestasi, riwayat tranfusi PRC, status sepsis, lama rawat dan status keluar. Hasil. Sebanyak 393 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian, terdapat 94 (23,9%) subjek yang mengalami anemia dan 123 (31,3%) subjek yang mendapatkan transfusi PRC minimal satu kali. Frekuensi tersering anemia adalah 4 kali sedangkan frekuensi tersering pemberian PRC adalah 7 kali. Usia pertama kali anemia paling banyak ditemukan pada usia ≤7 hari (66%) serupa halnya dengan usia pertama kali mendapatkan transfusi PRC (51,2%). Perbedaan proporsi karakteristik antara bayi prematur yang mengalami anemia dengan yang tidak mengalami anemia menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna secara statistik pada variabel jenis kelamin, usia gestasi, berat lahir, transfusi PRC, status sepsis, lama rawat, dan status keluar. Hampir sama dengan hal tersebut, perbedaan proporsi karakteristik bayi prematur yang mendapatkan transfusi PRC dengan yang tidak mendapatkan transfusi PRC menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna secara statistik pada variabel usia gestasi, berat lahir, status sepsis, lama rawat, dan status keluar. Simpulan. Insidens bayi prematur yang mengalami anemia adalah 23,9% sedangkan insidens transfusi PRC adalah 31,3%. Kejadian anemia dan transfusi PRC paling banyak dialami pada satu minggu pertama kehidupan. Perbedaan proporsi antar variabel untuk kejadian anemia dan kejadian transfusi PRC secara statistik bermakna ditemukan pada variabel yang sama yaitu usia gestasi, berat lahir, status sepsis, lama rawat, dan status keluar.

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Background. Indonesia is one of 11 countries with high number of premature birth rate. One of the morbidity commonly seen ini premature infants is anemia This cause frequent blood transfusion on their first weeks of life. Anemia prevention will reduce transfusion and its complication.

Objectives. To study characteristics of premature infants with anemia before 4 weeks chronological age in Perinatology Unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

Methods. A retrospective descriptive study from medical records of premature infants who had hospitalized from January 1st 2012 until Desember 31st 2013 in Perinatology Unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Subjects was selected by simple random sampling. Characteristics evaluation include Hb concentration, birth body weight, gestational age, length of stay, history of PRC transfusion, septic status, and discharge status.

Results. There were 393 subjects fulfilled research criteria. Incidence of anemia was 23,9%, while PRC transfusion was done in 31,3% subjects. The most frequent anemia episode is 4 times and PRC transfusion is 7 times. First episode anemia is mostly found at age ≤7 days (66%) as well as PRC transfusion (51,2%). Proportion difference of characteristic between premature infants with anemia and not anemia revealed statistically significant in gestational age, birth weight, PRC transfusion, septic status, length of stay, and discharge status. Proportion difference of premature infants with PRC transfusioan also statistically significant in gestational age, birth weight, PRC transfusion, septic status, length of stay, and discharge status.

Conclusions. Incidence of anemia in premature infants 23,9% while incidence of PRC transfusion is 31,3%. Anemia and PRC transfusion most frequently happened at first week of life. Characteristic proportion difference with significant result between premature infants who had anemia and got PRC transfusion was similar in gestational age, birth weight, PRC transfusion, septic status, length of stay, and discharge status."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Kemajuan dalam penanganan bayi prematur menyebabkan angka kesintasan meningkat. Akibatnya, angka kesakitan bayi prematur jugameningkat, salah satunya adalah osteopenia of prematurity (OOP). Pemeriksaankadar kalsium, fosfat, dan fosfatase alkali serum saat usia kronologis 4 minggudigunakan sebagai indikator awal sebelum osteopenia tampak secara klinis.Diagnosis sedini mungkin dan pengendalian faktor risiko perlu dilakukansehingga komplikasi dapat dicegah.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens dan faktor risiko terjadinya OOP.Desain Penelitian. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini dilaksanakanpada bayi prematur dengan usia gestasi ≤32 minggu di Divisi Perinatalogi RS Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Subyek diperiksa kadar kalsium serum, fosfat inorganikserum, dan fosfatase alkali serum. Pada subyek dilakukan pencatatan faktor risikoOOP untuk menilai hubungan antar variabel dan dilakukan analisis bivariatdengan uji chi square. Hasil Penelitian. Terdapat 80 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian.Delapan dari 80 subyek (10%) ditemukan menderita OOP. Faktor risiko yangdianalisis dalam penelitian ini ditemukan tidak memiliki hubungan bermaknadengan kejadian OOP, yakni lama penggunaan nutrisi parenteral total (p=0,457),lama penggunaan metilsantin (p=1,000), berat lahir (p=0,459), preeklampsiaberat pada ibu (p=0,344), korioamnionitis pada ibu (p=0,261), dan pemberiannutrisi enteral (p=0,797).Simpulan. Prevalens OOP di RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo adalah 10%. Faktorlama penggunaan nutrisi parenteral total, penggunaan metilsantin, berat lahir,preeklampsia berat pada ibu, korioamnionitis, dan pemberian nutrisi enteral tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian OOP.ABSTRACT Background. Advances in management of premature infants had increased the survival rate of these infants. However there is also increase of morbidity such as osteopenia of prematurity (OOP). Laboratory examination of serum calcium,phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase at the chronological age of 4 weeks is usedas early indicator before osteopenia become clinically appearant. Early diagnosisand risk control are needed to prevent complication. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of OOP.Methods. A cross sectional study was done in premature infants <32 weeks ofgestational age in Perinatalogy Division of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Laboratory examination of serum calcium, phosphate, and alkalinephosphatasewere conducted toward these subjects. Risk factors of OOP were alsoevaluated. Bivariat analysis was analysed by chi square test.Results. There are 80 subjects who meet the study criteria. Eight of 80 subjects(10%) was diagnosed as OOP. No risk factors have significant relationship withOOP incidence, which include duration of total parenteral nutrition (p=0,457),duration of methylxanthine usage (p=1,000), birth weight (p=0,459), severepreecalampsia in the mother (p=0,344), chorioamnionitis in the mother(p=0,261), and enteral nutrition (p=0,797).Conclusion. Prevalence of OOP in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is 10%. Thereare no significant relationship between OOP incidence and duration of totalparenteral nutrition, methylxanthine usage, birth weight, severe preeclampsia in the mother, chorioamnionitis, and enteral nutrition.;Background. Advances in management of premature infants had increased the survival rate of these infants. However there is also increase of morbidity such as osteopenia of prematurity (OOP). Laboratory examination of serum calcium,phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase at the chronological age of 4 weeks is usedas early indicator before osteopenia become clinically appearant. Early diagnosisand risk control are needed to prevent complication. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of OOP.Methods. A cross sectional study was done in premature infants <32 weeks ofgestational age in Perinatalogy Division of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Laboratory examination of serum calcium, phosphate, and alkalinephosphatasewere conducted toward these subjects. Risk factors of OOP were alsoevaluated. Bivariat analysis was analysed by chi square test.Results. There are 80 subjects who meet the study criteria. Eight of 80 subjects(10%) was diagnosed as OOP. No risk factors have significant relationship withOOP incidence, which include duration of total parenteral nutrition (p=0,457),duration of methylxanthine usage (p=1,000), birth weight (p=0,459), severepreecalampsia in the mother (p=0,344), chorioamnionitis in the mother(p=0,261), and enteral nutrition (p=0,797).Conclusion. Prevalence of OOP in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is 10%. Thereare no significant relationship between OOP incidence and duration of totalparenteral nutrition, methylxanthine usage, birth weight, severe preeclampsia in the mother, chorioamnionitis, and enteral nutrition."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pola makan yang tidak sehat selama masa kanak-kanak akan berdampak pada risiko penyakit tidak menular (PTM) di kemudian hari. Salah satu indikator awal PTM yang dapat dimodifikasi oleh diet adalah adiponektin. Adiponektin dinilai berhubungan dengan PTM karena perannya dalam proses perjalanan penyakit obesitas, diabetes, inflamasi, aterosklerosis, maupun penyakit kardiovaskular. Data yang terdokumentasi dengan baik mengenai kualitas diet dan hubungannya dengan kadar adiponektin pada populasi anak belum banyak dieksplorasi. Tujuan: Kami mengidentifikasi kualitas makanan umum anak-anak Indonesia dan menilai hubungannya dengan kadar adiponektin serum sebagai penanda awal PTM. Metode: Delapan puluh enam (44 perempuan dan 42 laki-laki) anak usia prasekolah yang merupakan bagian dari subjek penelitian dari studi Kohort Ibu dan Anak di 10 kecamatan di Jakarta Timur dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Data diet didapat dengan mengumpulkan data 24hr food recall berulang selama sehari di hari kerja dan satu hari di akhir pekan, yang kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut ke dalam perhitungan Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015. Kadar adiponektin serum ditentukan dengan uji Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Analisis regresi linear berganda dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan antara HEI 2015 dan konsentrasi adiponektin serum, dengan penyesuaian terhadap faktor perancu. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata skor HEI 2015 subjek penelitian adalah 33,1 ± 8,2, jauh di bawah skor yang direkomendasikan yaitu ≥ 80. Rata-rata serum adiponektin adalah 10,3 ± 4,1 ug / mL, di mana 11,6% subjek memiliki kadar serum adiponektin di bawah normal. Uji regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa HEI secara signifikan berkaitan dengan serum adiponektin baik sebelum maupun sesudah disesuaikan dengan faktor perancu (β = 0,232; 95% CI = 0,01-0,25; p = 0,03; β = 0,214; 95% CI = 0,03-0,21; p = 0,04). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara HEI dan adiponektin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan terhadap diet berkualitas tinggi sejak usia dini berperan dalam meningkatkan kadar adiponektin yang sangat penting untuk mengurangi risiko PTM di masa dewasa.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Unhealthy diet during childhood will have a direct effect on risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. One early indicator of NCDs that can be modified by diet is adiponectin. Adiponectin is considered to have association with NCDs because of its role in the course of obesity, diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Well-documented data regarding the quality of the diet and its relationship to adiponectin levels in the pediatric population have not been explored extensively. Objective: We identified the diet quality of Indonesian children and assessed its relationship to serum adiponectin level as the early markers of NCDs. Methods: Eighty-six (44 girls and 42 boys) preschool-aged children from a nested cohort study in 10 sub-districts in East Jakarta were included in this study. Dietary data was gathered by collecting repeated 24-hour recalls for a-day in the weekday and a-day in the weekend, which then further analyzed into HEI 2015 calculation. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was used to determine serum adiponectin levels. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between HEI 2015 and serum adiponectin concentration, with adjustment for potential confounder. Results: The mean of subjects' HEI 2015 score was 33.1±8.2, below the recommendation score of ≥ 80. The mean serum adiponectin was 10.3±4.1 ug/mL, in which 11.6% has serum adiponectin level below normal. Multiple linear regression test showed that HEI was significantly correlated with adiponectin serum either before or after adjusted with confounders (β=0.232; 95% CI=0.01-0.25; p=0.03; β=0.214; 95% CI=0.03-0.21; p=0.04), respectively. Conclusion: There is an association between HEI and adiponectin. This result suggests that adherence to a high-quality diet from an early age is crucial to reduce the risk of Indonesian children experiencing NCD as adults."

"Latar belakang : Pubertas prekoks sentral (Central precocious puberty CPP) merupakan perkembangan karakteristik seks pubertas sebagai konsekuensi dari aktivasi prematur aksis Hipotalamus Hipofise Gonad (HHG) sebelum usia 8 tahun pada anak perempuan dan 9 tahun pada anak laki-laki. Beberapa penelitian memperlihatkan perbedaan hasil dari terapi Leuprolide Acetate (LA) untuk pasien CPP menyangkut dosis dan waktu pemberian terhadap supresi sekresi gonadotropin.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui efek terapi LA dengan cara pemberian yang berbeda-beda, yaitu setiap bulan dan 3 bulan terhadap supresi sekresi LH pada pasien CPP.Metode : Meta-analisis terhadap tinjauan systematic review yang tersedia pada Cohrane library, MEDLINE, EBSCO, PROQUEST serta referensi terdaftar lainnya mengenai terapi LA untuk supresi sekresi LH pada pasien CPP. Tiga peneliti secara independen melakukan tinjauan terhadap abstrak dan naskah lengkap, masing-masing untuk menentukan kriteria inklusi dan ekstraksi data.Hasil : Ditemukan 2 penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dimasukkan dalam meta-analisis ini. Meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa supresi LH bervariasi dengan berbagai dosis dan waktu pemberian LA yang berbeda. Penelitian-penelitian tersebut membandingkan terapi LA dosis 11,25 mg/3 bulan dibandingkan dengan kontrol 7,5 mg/bulan, 22,5 mg/3 bulan dibandingkan dengan kontrol 7,5 mg/bulan dan 22,5 mg/3 bulan dibandingkan dengan kontrol 11,25 mg/3 bulan.Kesimpulan : Terapi LA 7,5 mg/bulan menghasilkan supresi kadar LH lebih besar dibandingkan 11,25 mg/3 bulan dan 22,5 mg/3 bulan; sementara terapi LA dosis 22,5 mg/3 bulan memberikan supresi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis 11,25 mg/3 bulan.

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Background : Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a characteristic development of sexual puberty as a consequence of premature activity of hypothalamic hypophyse gonadal (HHP) axis before 8 years old for girls or 9 years old for boys. Several studies have showed different results in Leuprolide Acetate (LA) therapy for CPP in terms of administration doses and time of treatment on suppression of gonadotropine secretion.

Objective : To determine the effects of different administration of LA therapy, monthly doses and every three month, on suppression of LH secretion in CPP patients.

Method : Meta-analyses of systematic review on available literature from Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EBSCO, PROQUEST and other registered reference about therapy to suppress LH secretion in CPP patients. Three researches independently conducted reviews on abstract and full-texts for inclusion criterion and data extraction, respectively.

Result : There are two studies fulfill inclusion criterion and included in the meta-analyses. Meta-analyses showed that LH suppression varies with different administration doses and time of LA. These studies compare LA therapy using 11,25 mg/3 month with control 7,5 mg/month, 22,5 mg/3 month with control 7,5 mg/month, and 22,5 mg/3 month with control 11,25 mg/3 month doses.

Conclusion : LA therapy 7,5 mg/month gives greater LH suppression compared with 11,25 mg/3 month and 22,5 mg/3 month; while LA therapy 22,5 mg/3 month provides greater suppression compared with 11,25 mg/3 month."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Vitamin D dianggap berperan dalam patogenesis diabetes melitus tipe 1 (DMT1), memperbaiki kontrol metabolik dan menurunkan risiko terjadinya komplikasi mikrovaskuler.Tujuan: Mengetahui profil kadar vitamin D remaja DMT1 dan hubungan kadar vitamin D dengan retinopati dan nefropati diabetik.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada remaja DMT1 usia 11-21 tahun dengan lama sakit minimal satu tahun. Semua subjek dilakukan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisis lengkap, kadar 25(OH)D, HbA1c, rasio albumin/kreatinin urin, dan fotografi fundus.Hasil: Terdapat 49 subjek, 34 (69,4%) perempuan dan 15 (30,6%) lelaki dengan median lama sakit lima tahun (1-16 tahun). Sebanyak 96% subjek menggunakan insulin basal bolus. Median HbA1c adalah 9,5% (6,3% - 18%). Tidak ada subjek dengan kadar 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL, 6 subjek (12,2%) dengan kadar 25(OH)D 21-19 ng/mL dan 87,8% memiliki kadar 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL. Rerata kadar 25(OH)D adalah 12,6 ng/mL (SD ±5,4 ng/mL). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kadar vitamin D adalah lama pajanan matahari (RP 13,3; 95%IK = 1,8-96, p= 0,019). Jenis pakaian, penggunaan sunblock, IMT, lama sakit, konsumsi susu tidak berhubungan dengan kadar vitamin D. Prevalens retinopati pada penelitian ini adalah 8,2%, mikroalbuminuria 28,5%, dan nefropati 16,3%. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar vitamin D dengan retinopati, mikroalbuminuria, dan nefropati diabetik.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada remaja DMT1 dengan kadar vitamin D yang cukup dan tidak ada hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dengan retinopati, mikroalbuminuria, dan nefropati diabetik.;Background: Many studies showed that vitamin D involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), metabolic control and decreased the risk of microvascular complication.

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ABSTRACT

Objective: To find out the vitamin D profile in adolescence with T1DM and its association with retinopathy and nephropathy diabetic.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study performed during April to May 2015 involving T1DM adolescence aged 11-21 years old with duration of illness ≥ 1 year. We used questionnaire to know factors associated with vitamin D level. We performed physical examinations, tests for level of 25(OH)D serum, HbA1c, urine albumin/creatinine ratio and fundal photographic.

Results: There were 49 subjects, 34 female (69.4%) and 15 male (30.6%) with median duration of illness was five years (1-16 years). Most of the subjects (96%) were on basal bolus regimen. Median of HbA1c level was 9.5% (range 6.3%-18%). None of the subject had 25(OH)D level ≥ 30 ng/mL, 12.2% with 25(OH)D level of 21-19 ng/mL and 87,8% was ≤ 20 ng/mL. Mean of 25(OH)D level was 12.6 ng/mL (SD ±5.4 ng/mL). Duration of sun exposure was associated with 25(OH)D level (prevalent ratio of 13.3; 95%CI = 1.8-96, p= 0.019); While type of clothing, sunblock, body mass index, milk and juice intake were not associated with 25(OH)D level. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 4 subjects (8.2%), microalbuminuria in 14 subjects (28.5%), and nephropathy in 8 subjects (16.3%). All the subjects who suffered from microvascular complication had 25(OH)D level ≤ 20 ng/mL. None of the subjects with 25 (OH)D > 20 ng/mL suffered had microvascular complication. There was no significant association between vitamin D level with diabetic retinopathy, microalbuminuria, or diabetic nephropathy.

Conclusion: None of the adolescent with type 1 DM had sufficient vitamin D level, and 87.8% had vitamin D deficiency. There was no association between vitamin D level with diabetic retinopathy, microalbuminuria, or diabetic nephropathy."

"[ABSTRAK Latar Belakang Diabetes melitus DM tipe 1 paling banyak ditemukan pada masa anak dan remaja dengan prevalens sebesar 1 500 anak Hiperglikemia kronik pada diabetes menyebabkan komplikasi pada berbagai organ Komplikasi ini berhubungan dengan kadar HbA1C sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi fungsi kognitif Pasien DM tipe 1 juga dapat mengalami komplikasi hipoglikemia berat sehingga mengakibatkan atrofi neuron di otak Identifikasi dini terhadap risiko gangguan fungsi kognitif penting untuk intervensi klinis dan psikoedukasi terhadap anak Tujuan Mengidentifikasi prevalens anak DM dengan fungsi kognitif di bawah normal di Indonesia dan menganalisis korelasi antara usia awitan DM durasi sakit DM ketoasidosis diabetikum KAD HbA1C dan hipoglikemia berat dengan fungsi kognitif anak DM tipe 1 Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi yang mempelajari faktor risiko dengan metode potong lintang dilakukan di Jakarta pada Mei sampai dengan Juni 2015 Pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif menggunakan instrumen the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV Subyek pada penelitian ini adalah pasien DM tipe 1 yang berusia 5 ndash 18 tahun Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk mencari korelasi antara fungsi kognitif dengan usia awitan durasi sakit kadar HbA1C dan frekuensi kejadian KAD Analisis statistik komparasi dilakukan untuk mencari rerata perbedaan full scale intelligence quotient IQ pasien dengan riwayat hipoglikemia berat dan tidak Hasil Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 58 subyek dengan hasil rerata full scale IQ adalah 100 16 Terdapat 26 subyek dengan full scale IQ di bawah normal Korelasi bermakna secara statistik didapatkan antara fungsi kognitif dengan usia awitan r 0 285 p 0 030 kadar HbA1C r 0 270 p 0 041 dan frekuensi riwayat kejadian KAD r 0 289 p 0 028 Tidak didapatkan korelasi antara durasi sakit dengan full scale IQ dan tidak didapatkan perbedaan full scale IQ antara kelompok dengan riwayat hipoglikemia berat dan kontrol Simpulan Terdapat korelasi negatif antara full scale IQ dengan usia awitan frekuensi KAD dan kadar HbA1C Durasi sakit dan riwayat hipoglikemia berat tidak memengaruhi full scale IQ Kata kunci faktor fungsi kognitif DM tipe 1 ABSTRACT Background Type 1 diabetes is mostly found in childhood and adolescence with prevalence of 1 500 children Chronic hyperglycemia causes complications in organs especially the eyes kidneys nerves blood vessels and heart These complications are associated with HbA1C levels as one of the factors affecting cognitive ability Patients with type 1 diabetes may also experience complications caused by severe hypoglycemia resulting in atrophy of neurons in the brain Early identification to the risk of complication in cognitive ability is important for clinical interventions and psychoeducation Aim To identify the prevalence of diabetic children with under average cognitive ability in Indonesia and to determine the correlation between the age of onset of diabetes duration of illness diabetic ketoacidosis DKA HbA1C severe hypoglycemia and cognitive ability of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus Method This is a cross sectional and risk factors study held in Jakarta from May to June 2015 Assessment of cognitive ability was done with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV Subjects in this study were type 1 diabetic patients aged 5 18 years Statistical analysis was performed to find the correlation among cognitive ability and age of onset duration of illness HbA1C levels and frequency of DKA Comparative statistical analysis was performed to find the mean difference in full scale IQ intelligence quotient of patients who had or did not have a history of severe hypoglycemia Result This study had 58 subjects with a mean full scale IQ 100 16 Nineteen percent subjects had full scale IQ under average We found statistically significant correlations between cognitive ability and the age of onset r 0 285 p 0 030 HbA1C levels r 0 270 p 0 041 and the frequency of occurrence DKA history r 0 289 p 0 028 There was no correlation between the duration of illness and full scale IQ There was no full scale IQ difference between groups with a history of severe hypoglycemia and control Conclusion There were negative correlations between full scale IQ and age of onset frequency DKA and HbA1C levels The duration of illness and history of severe hypoglycemia did not affect the full scale IQ Keywords factors cognitive function type 1 diabetes;Background Type 1 diabetes is mostly found in childhood and adolescence with prevalence of 1 500 children Chronic hyperglycemia causes complications in organs especially the eyes kidneys nerves blood vessels and heart These complications are associated with HbA1C levels as one of the factors affecting cognitive ability Patients with type 1 diabetes may also experience complications caused by severe hypoglycemia resulting in atrophy of neurons in the brain Early identification to the risk of complication in cognitive ability is important for clinical interventions and psychoeducation Aim To identify the prevalence of diabetic children with under average cognitive ability in Indonesia and to determine the correlation between the age of onset of diabetes duration of illness diabetic ketoacidosis DKA HbA1C severe hypoglycemia and cognitive ability of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus Method This is a cross sectional and risk factors study held in Jakarta from May to June 2015 Assessment of cognitive ability was done with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV Subjects in this study were type 1 diabetic patients aged 5 18 years Statistical analysis was performed to find the correlation among cognitive ability and age of onset duration of illness HbA1C levels and frequency of DKA Comparative statistical analysis was performed to find the mean difference in full scale IQ intelligence quotient of patients who had or did not have a history of severe hypoglycemia Result This study had 58 subjects with a mean full scale IQ 100 16 Nineteen percent subjects had full scale IQ under average We found statistically significant correlations between cognitive ability and the age of onset r 0 285 p 0 030 HbA1C levels r 0 270 p 0 041 and the frequency of occurrence DKA history r 0 289 p 0 028 There was no correlation between the duration of illness and full scale IQ There was no full scale IQ difference between groups with a history of severe hypoglycemia and control Conclusion There were negative correlations between full scale IQ and age of onset frequency DKA and HbA1C levels The duration of illness and history of severe hypoglycemia did not affect the full scale IQ Keywords factors cognitive function type 1 diabetes, Background Type 1 diabetes is mostly found in childhood and adolescence with prevalence of 1 500 children Chronic hyperglycemia causes complications in organs especially the eyes kidneys nerves blood vessels and heart These complications are associated with HbA1C levels as one of the factors affecting cognitive ability Patients with type 1 diabetes may also experience complications caused by severe hypoglycemia resulting in atrophy of neurons in the brain Early identification to the risk of complication in cognitive ability is important for clinical interventions and psychoeducation Aim To identify the prevalence of diabetic children with under average cognitive ability in Indonesia and to determine the correlation between the age of onset of diabetes duration of illness diabetic ketoacidosis DKA HbA1C severe hypoglycemia and cognitive ability of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus Method This is a cross sectional and risk factors study held in Jakarta from May to June 2015 Assessment of cognitive ability was done with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV Subjects in this study were type 1 diabetic patients aged 5 18 years Statistical analysis was performed to find the correlation among cognitive ability and age of onset duration of illness HbA1C levels and frequency of DKA Comparative statistical analysis was performed to find the mean difference in full scale IQ intelligence quotient of patients who had or did not have a history of severe hypoglycemia Result This study had 58 subjects with a mean full scale IQ 100 16 Nineteen percent subjects had full scale IQ under average We found statistically significant correlations between cognitive ability and the age of onset r 0 285 p 0 030 HbA1C levels r 0 270 p 0 041 and the frequency of occurrence DKA history r 0 289 p 0 028 There was no correlation between the duration of illness and full scale IQ There was no full scale IQ difference between groups with a history of severe hypoglycemia and control Conclusion There were negative correlations between full scale IQ and age of onset frequency DKA and HbA1C levels The duration of illness and history of severe hypoglycemia did not affect the full scale IQ Keywords factors cognitive function type 1 diabetes]"