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"Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur dan kinerja industri gula rafinasi di Indonesia serta merumuskan alternatif dan prioritas kebijakan dalam pengembangan industri gula reformasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan S-C-P (Structure - Conduct - Performance), sedangkan perumusan prioritas dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analystical Hierarchy Process (AHP).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa industri gula rafinasi memiliki struktur pasar oligopoli dengan perilaku yang mengarah pada praktek kolutif. Kinerja berdasarkan ukuran profitabilitas menunjukkan adanya marjin yang cukup besar. Namun begitu persepsi konsumen mengharuskan industri ini untuk melakukan perbaikan terutama pada aspek kualitas harga dan kontinuitas suplai. Pilihan dan prioritas kebijakan yang dapat diambil pemerintah untuk mewujudkan industri rafinasi yang efisien dan menunguntungkan semua stakeholder adalah : 1) optimalisasi pabrik gula rafinasi dan 5) menuruhnkan bea masuk gula kasar. Mempertimbangkan potensi konflik yang ada di antara stakeholders, pemerintah harus melakukan pendekatan yang lebih adail kepada semua pihak sehingga tidak ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan. Pemerintah perlu secara konsisten mulai mengurani proteksi terhadap industri gula rafinasi sehingga diharapkan akan mampu mendorong pasar untuk bekerja lebih efisien."

"The studies on human capital and technological progress have given incredible insights on how countries in the world differ from one another. Yet there are more than those two reasons to account for differences among countries. There is a third reason why a country would differ in terms of its economic development progress, namely institutional factors. Hence developing institutional indices would give a deeper explanation than a mere theory. On the other hand, we can corroborate the institutional index with the general theory that low-quality institutions will impact an economy negatively. This study seeks to broaden the understanding of causes of economic growth by incorporating institutional index into a semi-endogenous growth model and finds a relationship between that index with human capital and technological progress."

"Semi-endogenous growth model emphasises human capital accumulation and technological advances in supporting economic growth. While most countries in the world lack the ability to accumulate their human capital and advance in technology, the privilege of research and development lies on part of developed nations. The increase in the stock of knowledge can come from different interactions with other countries in the world. But the crucial point to make is what underlies these differences among nations in the world. This study modifies Jones model by embedding characteristics that different countries in the world. Such an attempt is directed to produce a more general model of semi-endogenous growth to be applicable to all countries in the world. The end result of this study is to present a more general model that will be easily applicable to different countries in the world."