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"ABSTRAK Since 2014, there has been an increase in funds for primary health care (PHC) coming from the National Health Insurance program capitation funds and the Health Operational Assistance Fund. This study aimed to explore the effect of this budget increase on the health care services at PHC. The case study used a qualitative approach and interviews from 19 PHC health workers with the highest and lowest budget. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and supported by quantitative data. The positive impact of the increasing PHC budget was felt by PHC staff due to the addition of operational equipment and incentives provided. Nevertheless, there was also a negative impact such as feeling overwhelmed due to an increase in the quantity of PHC activities and additional administrative affairs. It also triggered a negative interaction between staff due to the number of incentives received. The regulation on the use of budget empowers PHC to better arrange the schedule of activities and manage human resources. However, these regulations are considered restrictive and the administrative flow of funds is too long that hinder the optimal use of the budget."

"Pekerja seks perempuan (PSP) merupakan kelompok yang termarjinalkan secara sosial dan memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap masalah kesehatan. Upaya perluasan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) pada PSP masih terbatas sehingga penting dilakukan untuk mendukung pencapaian universal health coverage. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai akses JKN pada PSP di Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 15 orang PSP dan empat orang mucikari di Denpasar pada Agustus hingga Oktober 2014. Hasil wawancara diolah dengan analisis tematik. Kerangka analisis yang digunakan adalah The Health Access Livelihood Framework. Kepemilikan JKN pada PSP di Denpasar masih rendah, meskipun sebagian PSP memiliki kemauan untuk menjadi peserta JKN dan memiliki kemampuan membayar iuran JKN. Faktor penghambat akses JKN pada PSP adalah rendahnya pengetahuan mengenai prosedur pendaftaran dan portabilitas JKN, kekhawatiran keberlanjutan pembayaran iuran, persepsi buruk mengenai kualitas layanan yang akan diterima jika menggunakan JKN, ketidaklengkapan administrasi kependudukan serta kebijakan yang mengharuskan peserta bukan penerima bantuan iuran (Non-PBI) Mandiri untuk mendaftarkan seluruh anggota keluarga. Akses JKN pada PSP terhambat oleh faktor-faktor individual, layanan dan kebijakan yang perlu diatasi untuk meningkatkan cakupan JKN pada PSP.

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Female sex workers (FSW) is marginalized social group having a high vulnerability of health problems. Effort to expand national health insurance on FSW is still limited, so it is necessarily performed in order to support the achievement of universal health coverage. This study aimed to obtain the depiction of the insurance access among FSW in Denpasar. This study was qualitative. Data was collected through in-depth interview of 15 FSW and four pimps in Denpasar on August - October 2014. The interview result was analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis framework used was The Health Access Livelihood Framework. The insurance ownership among FSW in Denpasar was low, even though some FSW were willing to be participants and afford to pay the premium. Factors inhibiting the insurance access were the lack of knowledge regarding registration procedures and portability, fear of premium payment sustainability, negative perceptions regarding quality of services that would be received if using the insurance, incomplete population administration and policy requiring participants of independent non-premium support receiver to register all of their family members. The insurance access among FSW was hindered by individual, service and policy factors that need to be conquered to increase the insurance coverage among FSW."