Ditemukan 9 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
Ratnani Ayuningtyas
"Anggota-anggota marga Citrus, memiliki jumlah kromosom sama yaitu 2n = 18. Untuk membedakan jenis-jenis Citrus dengan data kromosom, digunakan data yang lain, seperti ukuran, bentuk, dan juga indeks kromosom. Penelitian telah berhasil dilakukan pada tiga jenis Citrus yang mewakili dua seksi, yaltu Citrus aurantifolia (seksi Limonellus), C. medica, dan C. limon (seksi Citrophorum). Telah dilakukan analisis kromosom berupa pengukuran panjang, penentuan bentuk, pendeskripsian kariotipe, dan penghitungan indeks kromosom. Kesimpulan yang dapat dirumuskan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya perbedaan panjang, bentuk, dan perumusan kromosom pada tiap jenis Citrus, menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan diantara jenis-jenis tersebut. Perbedaan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai ciri taksonomi. Setain itu juga nilai indeks kromosom yang telah dihitung pada tiap jenis Citrus, menunjukkan perbedaan dan dapat digunakan dalam taksonomi untuk membedakan jenis-jenis Citrus, serta merupakan nilai untuk mengetahui dekat atau tidaknya suatu hubungan kekerabatan."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 1996
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Eni Kusumawati
"Penelitian perbandingan anatomi daun, tangkai daun, dan batang, serta morfologi serbuk sari dari jenis-jenis yang mewakili 3 puak dalam Suku Malvaceae telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Taksonomi Tumbuhan Jurusan Biologi FMIPA - UI. Penelitian bersifat desktriptif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan yang menonjol pada keempat hal yang diteliti tersebut pada jenis Hibiscus mutabilis Linn, dan Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus (dari puak Hibisceae), Malvaviscus arboreus Cav, dan Urena lobata Linn, (dari puak Ureneae), serta Sida rhombifolia Linn, dan Abutilon striatum Dickson ex Lindl. (dari puak Malveae). Data-data ini diharapkan dapat mendukung klasifikasi Malvaceae berdasarkan morfologinya menjadi ketiga puak tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa morfologi serbuk sari mendukung pembagian Malvaceae ke dalam puak-puak yang telah dibuat, sedangkan segi anatomi, hanya memberikan ciri-ciri khusus dalam satu jenis."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 1996
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Yudhanti Dwi Lestari
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ABSTRAKBerdasarkan penelitian dengan metode deskriptif terhadap polen lima jenis Eugenia yang ada di Indonesia yaitu: Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baillon, Eugenia aquea Burm. f., Eugenia malaccensis L., Eugenia jambos L., dan Eugenia cumini (L.) Druce, ternyata memperlihatkan perbedaan ciri-ciri baik dari segi ukuran, tipe apertura, kerangka polen (ambit) dan tipe permukaan dinding polennya. Kesimpulan yang dapat dirumuskan dari hasil penelitian ini ialah: (1) Ciri umum kelima jenis butir polen Eugenia adalah isopolar, simetni radial, goniotreme, tricolporate dan syncolporate. (2). Klasifikasi model butir polen tersebut adalah prolate kecuali pada Eugenia cumini yaitu subprolate dan klasifikasi ukurannya adalah minuta (kecil) kecuali pada
Eugenia jambos yaitu media (sedang). Tipe permukaan dinding terluar butir polen adalah verrucate pada Eugenia jambos dan Eugenia aromatica, granulate pada Eugenia cumini dan Eugenia malaccensis, sampai dengan rugulate pada Eugenia aquea. (3) Penyerbukan kelima jenis Eugenia dilakukan serangga tertentu berdasarkan tipe permukaan butir polen yang terbentuk."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Universitas Indonesia, 1996
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Muhammad Iqbal
"Untuk melengkapi pehgetahuan tentang hubungan kekerabatan antara jenis-jenis rotan marga Calamus dilakukan penehtian menggunakan analisis sidik kelompok dengan metode UPGMA terhadap data sitogenetik dari kariotipe lima jenis rotan. Hasil yang didapat berupa tiga pohon kekerabatan yang berbeda. Pohon kekerabatan pertama meletakkan Calamus ornatus B!: dalam satu cluster dengan Calarnusjavensis Bi. Dua pohon kekerabatan Iainnya menempatkan C. ornafus BI. dan C. zollingerii da)am satu cluster. Ca/amus manan Mq. dan Calamus c/il/ar/s BI terletak pada cluster yang sama untuk ketiga pohon kekerabatan. Dan penelitian ml diketahul bahwa analisis UPGMA dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan data kariotipe."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 1997
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Sellyana
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ABSTRAKUntuk membuktikan keberadaan bentuk aseksual jamur Sarawakus succisus Rifai di alam telah dilakukan isolasi askospora tunggal jamur tersebut dan isolasi dari tanah di sekitar beberapa rumpun bambu Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro di Kebun Raya Bogor. Hasil isolasi ditumbuhkan pada medium kultur TEA dan diinkubasi dilabotarium pada suhu ruang (24-25C). Dengan membandingkan hasil kultur. Akospora tunggal dengan hasil kultur isolat dari tanah berasil dibuktikan bahwa bentuk aseksual jamur Sarawakus succisus bertahan di tanah. Dilakukan pula studi II teratur untuk membandingkan Sarawakus succisus dan Sorwakus lyccgaloides untuk memperkuat status jenis Sarawakus SUCCISUS sebagai jenis baru. Dari peitelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) bentuk aseksual jamur Sarwakus succisus ditemukan di tanah sekitar rumpun bambu Dendrocalamus giganteus diKebunRaya Bogor: (2) informasi baru yang didapat mengenai keberadaan jenis jamur ini di alam melengkapi informasi taksonomi mengenainya."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 1997
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Leni Magdalena
"
ABSTRAKStudi pendahuhian untuk melihat efek diuretik ekstrak buah Ananas
comosus L. terhadap tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur Wistar telah
dilakukan. Pencekokan diberikan dengan larutan kontrol dan dengan
perbandingan dosis larutan murni : akuabidestilata 1: 3, ! 2, 1 : I clan I : 0
I ml/1 00 g berat badan. Pengaruh pencekokan terhadap volume urin dapat
diketahul 6 jam sesudah pencekokan.
Uji statistik terhadap hasH percobaan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak
buah Ananas cotnosus dengan dosis larutan murni akuabidestilata 1 2,
1 mI/i 00 g berat badan tidak mempengaruhi volume total urin,
tetapi dosis larutan murni : akuabidestilata I 3 I mlIIOO g berat badan
meningkatkan volume total i.win. Dengan demikian Ananas cornosus dengan
konsentrasi tersebut mempunyai efek diuretik terhadap tikus putih (Rattus
norvegicus) jantan galur Wistar."
1998
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Nur Alif Makful
"
ABSTRAKLada (Piper nigrum Linn. ) merupakan barang niaga yang terpenting pada abad ke-16. Salah satu daerah yang terkenal sebagai penghasil dan pengolahan lada adalah Banten. Bukti artefak mengenai kegiatan pengolahan lada di Banten berupa batu gilingan yang terdapat di Kampung Pamarican.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan lada di Kampung Pamarican dengan analisis fosil polen lada yang terdapat di sekitar tempat ditemukannya batu gilingan lada.
Analisis fosil polen lada menggunakan metode kalium hidroksida, asam fluorida, dan campuran asetolisis. Fosil polen lada yang ditemukan mempunyai aperture berbentuk
monocolpate dengan ukuran rata-rata 10 un.
Hasil penelitian ini secara keseluruhan menghasilkan bukti ekofak yang nendukung adanya aktivitas pengolahan lada di Banten."
1996
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Zebua, Lisye Iriana
"
A research on the desiccation sensitivity and cryopreservation ability of rambutan excised embryo have been conducted. Excised embryo was desiccated into target moisture content of 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%. It was found that the critical level for moisture content is 20% with 60% viability, 7.431 % per etmal growth rate and 929 µs electric conduction. The excised embryo with 20% moisture content was them soaked in 3 different protectant and stored in cryotube. The result showed that the temperature success storage was on - 10°C for 10 hours with 95.7%-100% viability. Storage at -20°C the same soaking time (10 hours) gave only 10% viability. It is concluded that excised embryo of rambutan seeds will not be successful in cryopreservation.Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) is a fruit native to the Malesian region. It has many botanical relatives including the "rambutan Irian or Matoa". Based on its storage characteristic the rambutan seeds are categorized into recalsitrant seed. This seed is unable to germinate when dried and stored at low temperature. However one of the best method known to store seeds is to put them in liquid nitrogen in a dry condition. This method is called cryopreservation and it is usually done after certain chemical have been added to the seeds as a tissue protectant. Based on this evidence a research on how rambutan seed could stand cryopreservation has been conducted.Two kinds of laboratory procedure were done. The first was to investigate on how rambutan excised embryo could withstand drying. Excised embryo were desiccated into target moisture content of 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, and 10%_ The observation focus on parameter observed were the percentage of viability, growth rate and electric conductiveness, The result show, that excised embryo of rambutan seeds were still capable to germinate on 20% of water content with 60% viability, 7.431% per etmal growth rate and 929 Its value of electric conduction.The second procedure aim to know the best protectants to be used as well as the lowest temperature that the excised embryo could withstand. The excised embryo were given three kinds of protectants, Le. sucrose, glycerol and combination of sucrose and glycerol, for 2,5,10,15 and 18 hours soaking time respectively. This lot of excised embryo was then divided into groups and each group were stared in - 10°C and -20°C respectively.Statistical analysis shows that the interaction between type of protectan and soaking time and storage at -10°C is significant for the value of p < 0.05. It was found that 10 hours soaking time of gave the best percentage of viability (with the application 100% sucrose, 96.7% glycerol, 96.7% combination of the chemical) and low value of electric conductiveness (43.33 µs, 36.00 µs and 35.67µs respectively). However the soaking time of 5, 15, and 18 hours did not give a good result, When stored at -20°C and 10 hours soaking time of the viability went down to 6-10%. Other combination of soaking time gave 0% viability.It can be then concluded that rambutan excised embryo can only be dried down to 20% moisture content without significant damage. Subsequent storage at - 20oC gave a survival level of 6-10% viability. However, a future investigation on its cryopreservation method is proposed."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 1998
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Jasni
"
ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki jumlah jenis dan potensi produksi rotan yang tertinggi di dunia. Namun, pemanfaatannya masih sangat terbatas pada sejumlah jenis tertentu saja. Keterbatasan ini disebabkan karena kurangnya informasi mengenai sifat-sifat dasar rotan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat dasar rotan yang meliputi; struktur anatomi, kandungan kimia, keawetan dan keterawetan tiga jenis rotan. Jenis rotan yang diteliti ialah rotan sampang (Korthalsia junghunii Miq), rotan bubuay (Plectocomia elongala Bl) dan rotan seuti (Calamus ornatus BI) yang diambil dan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada bagian kulit batang rotan ditemukan lapisan epidermis dan endodermis. Yellow caps hanya ditemukan pada ratan sampang dan rotan bubuay. Diameter ikatan pembuluh ketiga jenis rotan tidak berbeda nyata (P>O.05). Begitu juga dengan diameter metaxylem dan diameter phloemnya. Tetapi diameter protoxylem ketiga jenis rotan berbeda nyata (P
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapatlah disimpulkan, bahwa rotan sampang, yang saat ini termasuk jenis tidak komersial, merupakan jenis rotan yang memiliki keawetan dan kekuatan yang tinggi, karena dinding sel serabutnya tebal, diameter rongga protoxylem yang kecil, serta mengandung lignin tinggi dan pati yang rendah. Dalam upaya pengawetan dengan permetrin seyogyanya menggunakan konsentrasi minimal 0.09 ppm.
ABSTRACTDespite large number of rattan species found in Indonesia, the number of species used for commercial purposes are very limited. There is no doubt that this is partly due to limited information on basic, both physical and chemical, properties of less-or non commercial species. It is known that the basic properties of rattan species contribute to their physical strength and also to their natural resistance against insect attacks. To provide this basic information, a study of anatomical features and chemical contents of rattan species is, therefore, a necessity. In this research, three species of rattan, i.e. sampang (Korthalsia junghunii Miq.), bubuay (Plectocomia elongata Bl.), and seuti (Calamus ornatus Bl.), collected from Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, were used for the study. The two former species are non-commercial species and the latter represents a commercial species, as a comparison.Anatomical features of rattan stems were observed under a light microscope. Microtome and maceration techniques were used in preparing the samples. Chemical contents of the rattan stems were analyzed by SII procedures. The resistance of rattan species and the effectiveness of permethrin solutions (0.01, 0.03, and 0.09 ppm) as preservatives against the powder post beetle (Dinoderus mirzutus Fabr.) were also conducted in the laboratory. Five dried stems of each rattan species (2 cm length) were soaked in each concentration for two hours. The sterns were left in a dry room for 30 days. They were also steamed (ca. 20 minutes) and dipped into 3 % of CaOCI2.4H20 solution as they would be used for making furniture. Ten adult beetles were introduced into individually treated stems which was covered with a glass tube. The same procedure was applied to the control, but without adding the preservative. A fifteen days experiment was carried out to find out the stem weight loss and the degree of beetle attacks. The number of insect death was also counted for each treatment during the experiment.Anatomical features of rattan stems showed that Yellow caps on epidermis layers were only found in sampang and bubuay. The shapes of vascular bundles in sampang, bubuay, and seuti were rhomboidal, rounded, and oval, respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the diameter of vascular bundles among the three species observed. A significantly longer fiber sheath (P<0.05) was found in bubuay. The diameter of lumen of bubuay was also significantly bigger (P<0,05) than two other species. However, sampang had a significantly thicker fiber cell wall (P The result also revealed that sampang and seuti had one metaxylem, whereas two or sometimes one metaxylem was found in bubuay. The diameter of metaxylem and phloem did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the three rattan species. A significantly bigger diameter of protoxylem (P<0.05), however, was observed in seuti.
Chemical analyses of the rattan stems showed that the three species contained a nearly similar amount of holocellulose, a-cellolose, tannin, and starch. The higherst lignin content was found in sampang, followed by bubuay and seuti. This difference probably makes sampang stems stronger than bubuay and seuti.
Higher degree of resistance against powder beetles was shown by sampang. Its stems significantly received lower degree of attack (P<0.05) and lower weight loss (P<0.05) than two other species tested A significantly higher percentage mortality of beetle (P<0.05) was also observed in sampang. High lignin content may be responsible for the sampang resistance. The higher mortality of beetles in sampang may be due to its lower content of starch It was clearly shown, from the experiment, that the starch content tended to correlate negatively with the beetle mortality. Low starch contents in the stems resulted in high beetle mortality.
Permethrin was not only toxic to powder post beetle, but it also reduced the beetle attacks. All rattan stems were prevented from further damage by permethrin treatments. Increasing the permethrin concentration significantly reduced the degree of beetle attack and the stem weigth loss, and increased the beetle mortality (P<0.05). Total mortalities of beetles were found on stems treated with 0.09 ppm of permethrin solution.
From the result it can be concluded that sampang, categorired as non-commercial species, anatomically seems to be the strongest among the three rattan species studied, followed in order by seuti and bubuay. Sampang is also naturally more resistant againts the powder post beetle than two other species. It is recommended to treat the rattan stems with at least 0.09 ppm of permethrin solution to give a full protection from powder post beetle attacks."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 1996
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