Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Colon polyp is a term used for abnormality from bulging tissue above surrounding colonic mucosal layer. Adenoma polyp was the commonly found polyp that progress to colorectal cancer. Most of those patients was asymptomatic. Undetected and unmanaged polyp was a risk factors of colorectal cancer even."

"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a group of drugs used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever. High consumption of NSAIDs associated with high gastrointestinal side effects. Common complaint from patients, which ranging from mild heartburn to the onset of gastrointestinal bleeding, often complicates the adequate administration of NSAIDs. Various methods have been developed to reduce the likelihood of gastroenteropathy complication. Early diagnosis, appropriate prompt treatment, as well as adequate monitoring will reduce morbidity and mortality from complications due to NSAIDs. This paper will discuss the diagnosis and management of gastro-enteropathy NSAID through approaching the underlying pathophysiology."

"It is estimated that worldwide 300 million individuals are chronically infected by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), a cause for a great number of mortality due to chronic liver disease. It is also estimated that at least 30% of chronic hepatitis B patients will suffer from liver cirrhosis. Young patients, who are infected by HBV during infancy or childhood, have a higher incidence rate of cirrhosis compared to those who were infected as adults.1Additionally, chronic HBV infection has also been acknowledged as the most important causative factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in areas with an epidemiologically high incidence rate of HBV infection. Beasley et al found that adult males with chronic HBV infection have a relative risk for HCC 200 times that of uninfected individuals."

"Helicobacter pylori has been known as a cause of chronic gastritis, a predisposition to gastric and duocenal ulcers, and a class I gastric carcinogen. Throughout the world, H. pylori infection is very common, reaching 40% -50% of the population in developed nations and 80% - 90% of the population in developing nations.Several techniques have been used to detect H. pylori infection, such as the urea breath test, rapid urease test, serological test, as well as biopsies of gastric or duodenal tissues for culture and histopathology. In this review article, we will discuss a relatively new method to detect H. pylori antigen in stools with enzyme immunoassay, and comparisons with other standard techniques. However, the H. pylori stool antigen test is not yet commercially available in Indonesia."

"Esophageal polyp can be found by chance during endoscopic examination. Polyps can be formed by changes in the esophageal mucosa due to reflux esophagitis. We report a case of multiple esophageal polyp in a patient with complaints of recurrent regurgitation without heartburn. Endoscopy demonstrated multiple polyps at the distal esophagus. Anatomic pathology evaluation of the polyp demonstrated mucosa lined with squamous epithels demonstrating elongation of the papilla and deposition of acute and chronic inflammatory cells, indicating chronic esophagitis with hyperplastic epithels. In this case, we conducted recurrent ligation of the multiple polyps. Evaluation at 2 weeks after the final ligation demonstrated no polyp remains, and the post-ligation ulcer was found. Evaluation at 1 month following treatment found diminished complaints. From this case, we can conclude that endoscopy is an important investigation modality to establish the diagnosis in cases of chronic gastrointestinal complaints. Ligation is a choice for the management of esophageal polyps"

"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a condition where the proximal small intestine harbours more than 10 organisms/ml intestinal fluid for a long period. Bacterial overgrowth could be found in patients with certain clinical conditions, such as intestinal anatomical disorders, intestinal motility disorders, and several diseases including liver cirrhosis. It was reported that the prevalence of bacterial overgrowth in patients with liver cirrhosis was around 30%-75%. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth could induce various clinical conditions from mild to severe cases, therefore it is important to recognise its signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management. This article will also review the clinical management of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in liver cirrhosis."

"Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the emergency conditions in the field of gastroenterology and variceal blending is the. most common cause of it. Gastric varices accounts only 5% to 10% of all causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding respectively, but it could be fatal and difficult to control despite provision of adequate therapy. Early diagnosis and appropriate management may decrease the morbidity and mortality of gastric variceal bleeding."

"Constipation is the most ignored complaint by doctors and unfortunately, it requires urgent management due to the decreased quality of life. Most cases are functional constipation but there is also a great number of constipation due to organic abnormalities. In an attempt to manage the patient properly, we should put our emphasis on excellent knowledge of pathophysiology of constipation.By using the colonic transit time test, we could determine the type of constipation, which would have an effect on therapy. In most cases, constipation has a good response to high fiber diet and additional laxative medication and surgical therapy is seldom required unless complications have occurred. There is also a suggestion for preventing constipation may be caused by opioid usage."

"We describe that often colonic tuberculosis remains unsuspected prior to surgery. We therefore draw attention to pitfalls in the diagnosis and review the literature on the diagnostic modalities available to diag-nose the disease. Today, the prompt diagnosis of an unknown gastroenteritis process invoives colonoscopy.

Using a fiberscope, a procedure with instantaneous return can be carried out. Patients with clinical presen-tation suggestive of coionic tuberculosis should have had either an aggressive diagnostic work out using high-yield tests or anti tubercuiosis therapy."

"Crolm's disease encompasses a spectrum of clinical and pathological patterns, affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with potential systemic and extraintestinal complications. The disease can affect any age group, but the onset is most common in the second and third decade. Lower Gi bleeding is one of its clinical features. Surgical intervention is required in up to two-thirds of patients to treat intractable hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction or unresponsive fulminant disease.

We reported a case of Crohn's disease in young male who suffered from severe lower Gi bleeding (hematochezia) as the clinical features. Lower GI endoscopy revealed ulceration at the distal ileum surrounded by fibrotic tissue as a source of bleeding and a tumor mass at mesocolon. Upper GI endoscopy was unremarkable. Histopathologyc examination concluded multiple ulceration with chronic ischemic condition, appropriate to Crohn's disease. The patient underwent emergency surgical intervention (subtotal colectomy and ileustomy), and his condition was improved."