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" ABSTRAKFlotasi merupakan metode pemeriksaan feses untuk mendiagnosis infeksi cacing usus. Larutan yang dipakai dalam metode flotasi bervariasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel feses yang ada di Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI. Sampel diperiksa dengan metode flotasi larutan gula jenuh dan NaCl jenuh dengan tujuan membandingkan efektivitas kedua larutan. Uji Wilcoxon mendapatkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara gula jenuh dan NaCl jenuh dalam mendeteksi telur Ascaris lumbricoides p = 0,002 dan Trichuris trichiura p = 0,002 . Rerata telur yang ditemukan gula jenuh untuk A. lumbricoides ialah 3.346,9/gram dan untuk T. trichiura ialah 149,2/gram. Jika dibandingkan dengan rerata telur yang ditemukan NaCl jenuh ialah 1.385,2/gram untuk A. lumbricoides dan 35,2/gram untuk T. trichiura maka gula jenuh lebih baik dalam mendeteksi telur cacing usus. Hal ini disebabkan berat jenis larutan gula jenuh yang dapat menjangkau kisaran berat jenis telur untuk telur dapat mengapung. Berbeda dengan gula jenuh, NaCl jenuh tidak dapat mengapungkan telur yang berat jenisnya melebihi berat jenis larutan. Oleh karena itu, gula jenuh dapat direkomendasikan untuk dijadikan larutan rutin menggantikan NaCl jenuh dalam pemeriksaan feses metode flotasi.

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ABSTRACTFlotation is a method in stool examination to diagnose infection of intestinal helminths. Solutions was used in flotation method vary. This study used cross sectional design with stool samples in Laboratory of Parasitology FKUI. Sampels are examined by flotation of saturated sugar and saturated NaCl with aim of this study was to compare effectiveness both solutions. Wilcoxon test showed significantly different between saturated sugar solution and saturated NaCl solution in detecting eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides p 0,002 and Trichuris trichiura p 0,002 . Mean of eggs that found by saturated sugar for A. lumbricoides was 3.346,9 gram and for T. trichiura was 149,2 gram. If these were compared with mean of eggs that found by saturated NaCl that was 1.385,2 gram for A. lumbricoides and 35,2 gram for T. trichiura, saturated sugar is better than saturated NaCl in detecting eggs of intestinal helminths. It was caused by saturated sugar rsquo s specific gravity can cover range of eggs rsquo specific gravity so eggs could float. Unlike saturated sugar, saturated NaCl could not float the eggs that have specific gravity more than solution rsquo s specific gravity. Therefore saturated sugar can be recommended to be used as a routine solution replaces saturated NaCl in stool examination flotation method."

"ABSTRAKPemeriksaan kuantitatif telur Soil Transmitted Helminths STH pada tinja dengan menggunakan metode Kato-katz dinilai kurang sensitif dalam mendeteksi kecacingan derajat ringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hasil efektivitas metode Flotasi dalam pemeriksaan kuantitatif telur cacing pada tinja. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 32 sampel tinja yang ada di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Masing-masing sampel diperiksa dengan metode Kato-katz dan metode Flotasi menggunakan larutan gula jenuh. Jumlah telur dilaporkan dalam satuan telur per gram kemudian dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS 20.0 dengan uji wilcoxon. Rerata jumlah telur Ascaris lumbricoides yang ditemukan dengan metode Kato-katz sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode Flotasi 3486 EPG vs 3346 EPG dengan perbedaan tidak signifikan p=0,391 . Rerata jumlah telur Trichuris trichiura yang ditemukan pada metode Kato-katz juga sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode Flotasi 162 EPG vs 156 EPG dengan perbedaan tidak signifikan p=0,501 . Metode Flotasi lebih unggul dalam mendeteksi askariasis 19 vs 12 dan trikuriasis 12 vs 9 derajat ringan dibanding metode Kato-katz. Selain itu, metode Flotasi murah dan mudah dikerjakan. Dengan demikian, metode Flotasi dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pemeriksaan kuantitatif telur STH pada tinja.

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ABSTRACTQuantitative examination of Soil Transmitted Helminths STH eggs in human stool using Kato Katz method has been considered less sensitive to detect low intensity of STH infection. The objective of this study was to find out the effectivity Flotation method for Quantitative Examination of STH eggs in human stool. The study used cross sectional design. Samples used were 32 human stool samples collected in Laboratorium of Parasitology FKUI. Each sample was examined by Kato Katz method and Flotation method using saturated sugar solution. Number of eggs were reported in Eggs per Gram then were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 with wilcoxon test. Mean of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs found by Kato Katz method was slightly higher than by Flotation method 3486 EPG vs 3346 EPG with insignificant difference p 0.391 . As well as mean of Trichuris trichiura eggs found by Kato Katz method was slightly higher than by Flotation method 162 EPG vs 156 EPG with insignificant difference p 0.501 . Flotation method was superior to Kato Katz method in detection of low intensity of ascariasis 19 vs 12 and trichuriasis 12 vs 9 . Besides, Flotation method is cheap and easy to be performed. Thus, Flotation method could be used as alternative quantitative examination of STH eggs in human stool."

"ABSTRAKDiagnosis infeksi parasit usus dilakukan menggunakan pemeriksaan mikroskopik feses, akan tetapi pemeriksaan mikroskopik memiliki banyak metode dan belum ditentukan metode mana yang merupakan baku emas. Laboratorium Departemen Parasitologi FKUI menggunakan dua metode pemeriksaan mikroskopik, yaitu metode langsung dan metode konsentrasi formalin-eter Ritchie untuk pemeriksaan rutin pada sampel feses. Penelitian ini pun disusun untuk membandingkan efektivitas kedua metode tersebut dalam diagnosis parasit usus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan data berupa data sekunder, yaitu hasil pemeriksaan dari sampel feses yang dikirim ke Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Fisher dan ditentukan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitasnya dengan pengganti baku emas berupa nilai positif gabungan kedua metode. Hasil didapatkan pemeriksaan mikroskopis menggunakan metode langsung memiliki sensitivitas 100 dan spesifisitas 100 , sedangkan metode konsentrasi formalin-eter Ritchie memiliki sensitivitas lebih rendah yakni 98 dan spesifisitas 100 . Uji Fisher menyatakan perbedaan bermakna untuk hasil pemeriksaan kedua metode

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ABSTRACTMicroscopic stool examination has been used for diagnosing intestinal parasite infection. However, there are lots of methods for stool preparation prior to examination and a definite gold standard have yet to be determined. Laboratory of Parasitology FKUI has been using two methods, which are direct method and formol ether concentration method Ritchie . This study compared the effectivity of both method in diagnosing intestinal parasite infection. This was a cross sectional study that use secondary data which were result for examination of stool samples sent to Laboratory of Parasitology FKUI. The collected data would then be analyzed using Fisher test. The sensitivity and specifity of each method were determined using the total positive result from both methods as replacement for gold standard. It was found that direct method had the sensitivity of 100 and specificity of 100 when Ritchie method had lower sensitivity 98 and specificity 100 . Result from Fisher test showed that the difference in the two method was statistically significant "

"ABSTRAKTerdapat beberapa prinsip pemeriksaan mikroskopis feses yaitu dengan metode langsung, sedimentasi formalin-eter Ritchie , flotasi, dan biakan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendiagnosis parasit usus yang biasa digunakan di Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI yaitu pemeriksaan langsung dan formalin-eter Ritchie . Namun, belum diketahui apakah metode lainnya seperti flotasi memiliki efektifitas yang lebih baik atau buruk untuk mendiagnosis infeksi parasit usus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas metode formalin-eter Ritchie dengan flotasi gula jenuh dalam deteksi parasit usus. Desain penelitian yang digunakan merupakan studi potong-lintang. Dari 32 pasien yang diperiksa fesesnya dengan metode flotasi gula jenuh ditemukan hasil positif sebanyak 27 sampel 84 dan hasil negatif sebanyak 5 sampel 16 . Dengan metode formalin-eter Ricthie didapatkan hasil positif sebanyak 24 sampel 75 dan hasil negatif sebanyak 8 sampel 25 . Nilai sensitivitas metode flotasi gula jenuh menunjukan hasil yang lebih besar daripada metode formalin-eter 95 vs 90 . Sedangkan nilai spesifisitas metode flotasi gula jenuh lebih rendah daripada formalin-eter 33,3 vs 50 . Pada uji Fischer untuk metode flotasi gula jenuh didapatkan nilai p=0,049

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ABSTRACTThere are several principles of microscopic examination of stool, such as the direct method, formalin ether sedimentation Ritchie , flotation, and culture. The method used to diagnose intestinal parasites commonly used in the Laboratory of Parasitology FKUI is direct examination and formalin ether Ritchie . However, flotation method for intestinal parasitic infections diagnosis is unknown. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of formalin ether Ritchie and flotation saturated sugar method in the detection of intestinal parasites. This study was conducted by using cross sectional design. From 32 patients examined with saturated sugar flotation method found 27 samples 84 with positive results and 5 samples 16 with negative results. Formalin ether Ricthie method found 24 samples 75 with positive results and 8 samples 25 with negative results. Sensitivity of saturated sugar flotation method shows greater results than formalin ether method 95 vs 90 . Specificity of saturated sugar flotation method is lower than the formalin ether 33.3 vs 50 . Fischer test for saturated sugar flotation method p 0.049 "

"ABSTRAKFrekuensi pengambilan sampel tinja dalam pemeriksaan mikroskopik mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan, namun sampai saat ini belum ada pedoman jumlah pengambilan sampel tinja untuk deteksi infeksi parasit usus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi pengambilan sampel tinja yang lebih efektif untuk deteksi infeksi parasit usus dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional. Data pada penelitian merupakan hasil pemeriksaan dari sampel tinja yang dikirim ke Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI tahun 2006-2015. Teknik sampling yang digunakan ialah non probability sampling yaitu consecutive sampling dengan mengambil sampel tinja dari subjek yang memeriksakan tinjanya 3 kali di hari yang berbeda dengan dengan interval pemeriksaan sampel pertama dan ketiga kurang dari 10 hari. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pemeriksaan dengan pengambilan sampel tinja dua kali meningkatkan hasil positif dibandingkan pengambilan sampel tinja satu kali 30,9 vs 34,1 uji Fisher

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ABSTRAKThe sampling frequency of obtaining stool from patient rsquo s samples will determine the microscopic examination result, however the frequency of taking stool samples from a patient for detecting intestinal parasites has not been standardized. The aims of this study was to determine the most effective frequency of stool sampling for intestinal parasites detection by microscopic examination. The study was conducted by using cross sectional design. Data of this study were obtained from the examination result of stool samples sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology, FKUI from 2006 2015. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling, which was done by taking stool samples from subjects being examined for three different days. The examination of three samples should not exceed ten days. This study showed that examination of stool samples taken twice increased positive outcomes compared to samples taken once 30.9 vs 34.1 Fisher 39 s exact test"

"Infeksi parasit masih merupakan masalah di dunia, terutama di daerah endemis. Adanya pandemi menyebabkan kemungkinan terjadinya misdiagnosed ataupun late diagnosed dari infeksi parasit karena gejala klinis yang mirip. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penegakan diagnosis dan tatalaksana infeksi parasit pada pasien dengan koinfeksi COVID-19. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan tinjauan pustaka sistematis pada berbagai laporan kasus yang dipublikasikan. Penelusuran artikel dilakukan sesuai dengan alur pada diagram Prisma secara online melalui PubMed, Google Scholar, Hindawi, Cochrane library, Science direct, DOAJ, Public Library of Science (PLoS). Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu parasite infection, COVID-19, parasite coinfection covid, intestinal parasite, helminthiasis, protozoa infection, ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, schistosomiasis, amebiasis, giardiasis, malaria, typanosomiasis, leishmaniasis. dengan menggunakan quoatation mark “ “ dan Boolean operator “OR” “AND”. Hasil penelusuran didapatkan 700 artikel kemudian dilakukan penapisan dan telaah sehingga didapatkan 14 artikel yang sesuai untuk dianalisis. Dari 14 artikel tersebut didapatkan 17 kasus infeksi parasit, yaitu 2 kasus strongyloidiasis, 1 kasus filariasis, 11 kasus malaria, 2 kasus chagas disease, dan 1 kasus visceral leismahniasis. Penegakan diagnosis infeksi parasit pada pasien koinfeksi COVID-19 58,8% terlambat dilakukan. Tatalaksana infeksi parasit sudah sesuai dengan diagnosis, tetapi perlu diperhatikan adanya interaksi obat. Pemeriksaan diagnostik untuk infeksi parasit pada koinfeksi COVID-19 hendaknya dilakukan secara dini agar penyakit dapat teratasi dengan baik.

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A parasitic infection has always been a global issue, especially in an endemic area. The occurrence of pandemic increases the possibility of either misdiagnosed or late-diagnosed of parasitic infection due to the similarity of clinical manifestation. This study was aimed at determining the diagnosis and management of parasitic infection in COVID-19 co- infection patients. The method used in this study was a systematic literature review of various published case reports. Article searches were executed based on the flow on the Prism diagram online through PubMed, Google Scholar, Hindawi, Cochrane library, Science direct, DOAJ, Public Library of Science (PLoS). The keywords used were parasite infection, COVID-19, parasite co-infection covid, intestinal parasite, helminthiasis, protozoa infection, ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, schistosomiasis, amebiasis, giardiasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, applying the quotation mark “ ” and the Boolean operator “OR” “AND”. The search results gathered 700 articles which were filtered and analyzed that narrowed to 14 journals suitable for the analysis. Out of these 14 journals, 17 cases of parasitic infection were found, namely 2 cases of strongyloidiasis, 1 case of filariasis, 11 cases of malaria, 2 cases of Chagas disease, and 1 case of visceral leishmaniasis. About 58.8% of patients coinfected with COVID-19 were diagnosed late. The management of parasitic infection has been done in accordance with the diagnosis, but drug interaction must be considered. Early diagnostic examination for patients coinfected with COVID-19 is highly suggested to ensure that the disease is treated well."

"Latar Belakang: Metode PCR dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi DNA suatu organisme. ldentifikasi gen 18S rRNA sudah hanyak dipakai untuk mempelajari sejumlah organisms eukariot seperti tanaman, hewan dan protozoa termasuk Cryptosporidium sp. Penelitian terdahulu pada anak batita di daerah kumuh dan rawan banjir di Jakarta yang dideteksi secara mikroskopis dengan pcwarnaan modifikasi tahan 838111 (MTA), didapatkan prevalensi 2,l% yang rendah dibandingkan negara berkembang lain yang keadaan lingkungan dan populasinya mirip Indonesia. Deteksi Cryptosporidium sp. secara molekular di feses dengan PCR memungkinkan diagnosis lebih akurat dan cepat. Tujuan: mengembangkan metode PCR :mink deteksi gen ISS rRNA Cryptosporidium sp. pada feses yang disimpan dalam larutan kalium bikromat 2,5% selama 1 bulan. Metode: sejumlah 188 sampel feses yang disimpan dalam larutan kalium bikromat dikonsentrasikan dengan teknik air-eter, selanjutnya dilakukan ekstraksi DNA terhadap konsentrat dan sebagian lagi dipulas dengan MTA. Amplifikasi DNA Cryptosporidium terhadap gen 18S rRNA dilakukan dengan program PCR iangsung, siklus 39 kali. Hasil: pemeriksaan dengan metode MTA konsentrasi didapatkan sembilan sampel positif (4,8%) sedangkan dengan PCR didapatkan 65 sampel positif (34,6%). Kesimpulan: Larutan kalium bikromat dapat dipakai untuk penyimpanan ookista Cryptosporidfwn sp. tanpa mempengaruhi hasil PCR maupun mikroskopis.

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Background: PCR method can be used to characterize an organism DNA. Identification of 18S rRNA gene has been widely used to study eukaryotes like plants, animals and protozoa such as Cryptosporidium sp. Previous study on Cryptosporidium sp. in children under tluee years old in a slum area in Jakarta, detected by direct modiiied acid fast (MAF) showed 2.1% prevalence, which was unexpectedly much lower than other developing country with similar enviromnent and study population. Detection of Cryptosporidium sp. by molecular technique, PCR will offer more accurate and efficient diagnosis.

Objective: develop PCR method to detect Cryptosporidium sp. 18S rRNA gene of stool from stools preserved in potassium dichromate solution for 13 months.

Methods: There were l88 stool samples which have been kept in 2.5% potassium dichromate for 13 months. These samples were concentrated by water-ether technique, extracted the DNA and stained by MAF. Amplihcation of Cnprosporidium sp. ISS rRNA gene was using direct PCR for 39 cycles.

Result: of samples with MAF has found 9 positive (4,8%) and samples with PCR has presented 65 positive (34,6%).

Conclusion: Potassium dichromate solution can be used to preserve oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp since it does not interfere the PCR and microscopic examination result."

"Pengobatan Albendazol dengan dosis tunggal maupun dosis maksimal menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan dalam memberikan kesembuhan (Cure rate) dan menurunkan jumlah telur (ERR) pada infeksi A.lumbricoides, namun terdapat fakta penelitian bahwa setelah 4 bulan pengobatan kejadian reinfeksi terjadi paling cepat ditemukan pada cacing A.lumbricoides. Penelitian lain menunjukan bahwa albendazol dosis tunggal ternyata belum mampu menghambat perkembangan telur A.lumbricoides secara menyeluruh dengan adanya telur yang masih menjadi infektif. Menjadi pertanyaan apakah pemberian albendazol dengan dosis maksimal mampu menghambat perkembangan telur secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini ingin menilai bagaimana pengaruh pemberian Albendazol dengan dosis yang maksimal yaitu 400 mg albendazol diberikan selama 3 hari berturut turut pada anak usia sekolah dasar terhadap perkembangan telur cacing A.lumbricoides. Rancangan penelitian adalah uji Eksperimental dengan one grup pre dan post test design. Untuk melihat pengaruh albendazol terhadap perkembangan telur dilakukan kultur sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan dari sampel tinja individu yang sama. Sampel tinja dikumpulkan dari anak SD pada hari ke-1 dan ke-7 sesudah pengobatan yang dikultur selama satu bulan. Analisis data menggunakan uji T berpasangan (T test paired) namun data tidak terdistribusi normal sehingga digunakan uji non parametrik yaitu Uji Wilxocon Signed Ranks. Taraf kesalahan yang digunakan adalah 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan Albendazol 3 hari berturut turut mampu menurunkan persentase telur dibuahi (fertilized) pada anak yang terinfeksi A.lumbricoides. Terdapat peningkatan jumlah telur yang tidak dibuahi (unfertilized) setelah pengobatan. Pemberian Albendazole dosis tunggal selama 3 hari berturut turut juga mampu menurunkan persentase telur infektif dan berpengaruh pada perubahan perkembangan telur A.lumbricoides.

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Albendazol treatment with triple doses showed satisfactory results in Cure rate (CR) and eggs reduction rate ( ERR ) on A.lumbricoides infection , but there was a study showing the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides increased after 4 months post treatment due to reinfection. Another study showed that a single dose albendazole was not able to inhibit the development of A.lumbricoides eggs because there was infective stage of eggs in stool sample. The question whether the administration of albendazole with a maximum dose capable of inhibiting the development of eggs thoroughly . Therefore this aim purpose of this study is to determine the effectivity of triple dose albendazole (3x 400 mg) in inhibiting the development of A.lumbricoides eggs.

In this study a total of 33 school children were recruited. They were treated with triple dose of albendazole. Stool sample were collected on days 1 and 7 after treatment followed by cultured for one month . The data were not normally distributed so that the non- parametric test was used Wilxocon Signed Ranks Test.

These results indicate Albendazol given in 3 days in a row is able to reduce the percentage of fertilized eggs in children infected with A.lumbricoides, and followed by the increase percentage of unfertilized eggs after treatment."

"[ABSTRAKToxoplasma gondii merupakan protozoa intraselular obligat yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Infeksi yang diakibatkannya disebut toksoplasmosis, dan diperkirakan sekitar sepertiga populasi dunia terinfeksi T. gondii. Toksoplasmosis akan menjadi masalah bahkan dapat mengancam jiwa bila infeksi terjadi pada orang imunokompromi. Ensefalitis toksoplasma (ET) terjadi akibat reaktivasi infeksi laten T. gondii, dan merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi pada pasien AIDS, terutama pada stadium akhir.Untuk menegakkan diagnosis pasti penyebab kelainan SSP pada pasien AIDS sangatlah sulit, karena banyaknya kemungkinan penyebab infeksi lain seperti bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Diagnosis ET ditegakkan hanya berdasarkan asumsi dari gejala klinis, gambaran radiologi, dan respons terhadap terapi yang diberikan. Pemeriksaan kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma pada cairan organ yang terinfeksi T. gondii jarang dilakukan. Selama ini studi-studi lebih banyak yang memeriksa kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma pada serum. Oleh karena masih jarangnya penelitian yang menggunakan CSS untuk penegakan diagnosis ET dan untuk mengetahui apakah kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma pada CSS bermakna dalam menegakkan diagnosis ET, maka penelitian mengenai hal tersebut dilakukan pada pasien HIV & AIDS dengan dugaan meningitis.Dari 50 sampel CSS pasien AIDS yang dikirim ke Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI, 24 (48%) positif dan 26 (52%) negatif IgG anti-Toxoplasma. Dari IgG positif, 5 (20,83%) kadar tinggi, dan 19 (79,17%) kadar rendah. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma dengan hasil pencitraan maupun diagnosis klinis ET. Tidak ada hubungan antara kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma dengan riwayat terapi profilaksis ko-trimoksazol.

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ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondii is obligate intracellular parasite that spread over the world. Toxoplasmosis, infection of this parasite, infected over one third world population. Toxoplasmosis become problem and life threatening in immunocompromised patients. Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is reactivation of latent infection of T. gondii, and usually manifest in severe stage of AIDS.Diagnosis of central nervous system infection in AIDS is very difficult, because many possibilities of infection that caused by bacteri, virus, and fungi. TE is only diagnosed by asumption of clinical signs, radiology, and therapeutic respons. The examination of IgG anti-Toxoplasma in organ fluid was rare. Because of this reason and to answer, is IgG anti-Toxoplasma in cerebro spinal fluid has important meaning for diagnosing TE, this study was done in HIV infection & AIDS patients with meningitis.From 50 LCS of AIDS patients that sent to Parasitology Laboratorium FKUI, 24 (48%) were positive, and 26 (52%) were negative of IgG anti-Toxoplasma. From IgG positive samples, 5 (20,83%) were high, and 19 (79,17%) were in low level. There is no difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with radiology appearence, and with clinical diagnose for TE. No difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with history of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis therapy.;Toxoplasma gondii is obligate intracellular parasite that spread over the world. Toxoplasmosis, infection of this parasite, infected over one third world population. Toxoplasmosis become problem and life threatening in immunocompromised patients. Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is reactivation of latent infection of T. gondii, and usually manifest in severe stage of AIDS.Diagnosis of central nervous system infection in AIDS is very difficult, because many possibilities of infection that caused by bacteri, virus, and fungi. TE is only diagnosed by asumption of clinical signs, radiology, and therapeutic respons. The examination of IgG anti-Toxoplasma in organ fluid was rare. Because of this reason and to answer, is IgG anti-Toxoplasma in cerebro spinal fluid has important meaning for diagnosing TE, this study was done in HIV infection & AIDS patients with meningitis.From 50 LCS of AIDS patients that sent to Parasitology Laboratorium FKUI, 24 (48%) were positive, and 26 (52%) were negative of IgG anti-Toxoplasma. From IgG positive samples, 5 (20,83%) were high, and 19 (79,17%) were in low level. There is no difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with radiology appearence, and with clinical diagnose for TE. No difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with history of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis therapy., Toxoplasma gondii is obligate intracellular parasite that spread over the world. Toxoplasmosis, infection of this parasite, infected over one third world population. Toxoplasmosis become problem and life threatening in immunocompromised patients. Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is reactivation of latent infection of T. gondii, and usually manifest in severe stage of AIDS.Diagnosis of central nervous system infection in AIDS is very difficult, because many possibilities of infection that caused by bacteri, virus, and fungi. TE is only diagnosed by asumption of clinical signs, radiology, and therapeutic respons. The examination of IgG anti-Toxoplasma in organ fluid was rare. Because of this reason and to answer, is IgG anti-Toxoplasma in cerebro spinal fluid has important meaning for diagnosing TE, this study was done in HIV infection & AIDS patients with meningitis.From 50 LCS of AIDS patients that sent to Parasitology Laboratorium FKUI, 24 (48%) were positive, and 26 (52%) were negative of IgG anti-Toxoplasma. From IgG positive samples, 5 (20,83%) were high, and 19 (79,17%) were in low level. There is no difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with radiology appearence, and with clinical diagnose for TE. No difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with history of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis therapy.]"

"ABSTRAK Pasien mikosis meningkat sejalan dengan bertambahnya populasi imunokompromi. Pengetahuan tentang jamur penyebab dan respons terhadap antijamur penting dalam tatalaksana mikosis yang dipengaruhi oleh geografi, sehingga penting untuk menelitinya sesuai wilayah dalam hal ini Jakarta. Penelitian bersifat retrospektif dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI dengan meneliti data tahun 2004-2015. Didapatkan 16478 isolat dari 14707 bahan klinis. Golongan khamir terbanyak adalah C. albicans, C. tropicalis dan C. parapsilosis, sementara golongan kapang adalah Aspergillus dan Fusarium. Sebagian besar khamir peka terhadap flukonazol dan Aspergillus seluruhnya peka terhadap vorikonazol. sebagian besar uji kepekaan khamir peka terhadap itrakonazol sedangkan kepekaan kapang hanya sekitar 50 peka.

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ABSTRACT Patients with mycosis rise along with increasing number of immunocompromised population. Awareness to causative fungi and its susceptibility to antifungals is important in mycoses treatment which is influenced by geographic conditions, so investigation by region is needed, in this case Jakarta. Retrospective study was conducted to investigate data at Parasitology laboratory FKUI from 2004 2015. There were 16,478 isolates obtained from 14,707 clinical specimens. The most common yeasts are C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, whereas Aspergillus and Fusarium were the most common mold. Most of the yeasts are sensitive to fluconazole and itraconazole, the whole Aspergillus are sensitive to voriconazole, whereas the susceptibility to itraconazole is only about 50 . "