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"Profesi Apoteker di Indonesia memiliki standar kompetensi yang bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa Apoteker memiliki kompetensi untuk menjalankan peran sebagai Apoteker. Keterampilan untuk melaksanakan praktik kefarmasian perlu dilatih selama masa pendidikan apoteker, sehingga Apoteker dapat menjalankan praktik kefarmasian sesuai dengan ketentuan praktik kefarmasian dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Salah satu cara untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah dengan melaksanakan Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker. Melalui pelaksanaan Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker, diharapkan calon Apoteker dapat menambah ilmu pengetahuan, wawasan dan pengalaman serta mengembangkan kompetensi pada beberapa sarana praktik kefarmasian. Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker dilaksanakan di Apotek Roxy Mekarsari Periode Januari 2022, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Periode Maret 2022, dan PT Integrated Healthcare Indonesia Periode April – Mei 2022. Pelaksanaan Praktik Kerja di Apotek, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, serta industri farmasi diharapkan dapat memberikan pengembangan wawasan, ilmu pengetahuan, serta kompetensi bagi calon apoteker dalam melaksanakan praktik kefarmasian di masa mendatang.

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Pharmacist in Indonesia has competency standards to ensure that pharmacists have the competence to implement their roles as pharmacists. The skills to implement pharmaceutical practice need to be trained during the pharmacist's education period, hence pharmacists can implement pharmaceutical practices by the provisions of pharmaceutical practice and regulations. The implementation to achieve this goal is through the Professional Practice of Pharmacist. Through the implementation of the Professional Practice of Pharmacist, prospective pharmacists expected can obtain knowledge, insight, and experience as well as develop competence in several pharmaceutical practice areas. The Professional Practice of Pharmacist is held at the Apotek Roxy Mekarsari in January 2022 period, The National Agency of Drug and Food Control in March 2022 period, and PT Integrated Healthcare Indonesia in April – May 2022 period. The implementation of the Professional Practice of Pharmacists in pharmacy, The National Agency of Drug and Food Control, and the pharmaceutical industry is expected to be able to provide the development of insight, knowledge, and competence for prospective pharmacists in implementing pharmaceutical practice in the future."

"ABSTRACTBackground: the global scale-p of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary factor contributing to the decline in deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses. However, the emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) compromises the effects of ART in treatment-naive individuals, which may hinder treatment success. The present study aimed to identify the presence of TDR among treatment-naive individuals in Buleleng, Bali, which is currently ranked sixth among Indonesian provinces with the highest cumulative human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection cases. Methods: thirty-nine ART-naive individuals in Buleleng Regency General Hospital were enrolled in the present study. Blood samples from participants were subjected to a genotypic analysis. Results: 28 protease (PR) and 30 reverse transcriptase (RT) genes were successfully amplified and sequenced from 37 samples. HIV-1 subtyping revealed CRF01_AE as the dominant circulating recombinant form in the region. No TDR for PR inhibitors was detected; however, TDR for RT inhibitors was identified in five out of 30 samples (16.7%). Conclusion: these results indicate the emergence of TDR among ART-naive individuals in Buleleng, Bali. This issue warrants serious consideration because TDR may hamper treatment success and reduce ART efficacy among newly diagnosed individuals. Continuous surveillance with a larger sample size is necessary to monitor TDR among ART-naive individuals."

"ABSTRACTBackground: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cause serious health problems and affect the Indonesian economy. Papua province has the highest prevalence of HIV infection in the country; however, epidemiological data are limited. Therefore, in order to reveal the current situation of HIV/AIDS in Papua province, sero and molecular epidemiological studies of HIV were conducted. Methods: serological tests were conducted on 157 healthy individuals from the general population residing in Paniai, Papua. In addition, a molecular epidemiological study was then conducted on HIV type 1 (HIV 1) genes derived from infected individuals. Peripheral blood samples from HIV 1 positive individuals and 15 additionally enrolled, previously confirmed HIV 1 positive individuals were subjected to a genotypic analysis. Results: serological tests revealed that 2 out of 157 (1.27%) healthy individuals were HIV positive. In addition, HIV 1 subtyping revealed that subtype B and CRF01_AE were the major subtype and circulating recombinant form (CRF) of HIV 1 prevalent in the region, while subtype A1 and a recombinant form including viral gene fragments of CRF01_AE and subtype B was also detected. In addition, HIV drug resistance-associated major mutations were detected in the reverse transcriptase gene derived from infected individual on antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: these results provide important information for clearer understanding on the current situation of HIV/AIDS in Papua province in Indonesia."