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"Latar belakang: Pada saat ini hampir semua kegiatan manusia tidak terlepas dari pemakaian komputer. Pemakaian komputer secara terus menerus dapat menimbulkan antara lain nyeri bahu kanan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi nyeri bahu kanan Serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada pekexja pengentri data. Metode: Penelitian ini antara April 2008-Mei 2008, menggunakan desain potong lintang. Data dianalisis dengan regresi logistik. Populasi adalah pekerja pengentri data di Perkantoran X, Jakarta yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Nyeri bahu kanan jika satu positif hasil tes provokasi (yang dilalcukan oleh peneliti) Appley scratch, Yergason, dan Moseley di daerah bahu kanan. Jika semua hasil pemeriksaan negatif, subyek clinyatakan tidak nyeri bahu kanan. Data yang lain diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner khusus. Hasil: Subjek yang berpartisipasi 150 dari 250 pengentri data. Prevalensi nyeri bahu kanan sebesar 46% (69/150). Faktor potensi risiko yang dominan untuk nyeri bahu kanan adalah kebiasaan olah raga dan kenyamanan posisi kelja. Subjek dengan kebiasaan olah raga yang buruk dibandingkan dengan yang baik berisiko nyeri bahu kanan hampir tiga kali lipat [odds rasio Suaian (0R)= 2,93; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1,41-6,07]. Jika ditinjau dari segi kenyamanan posisi kerja, subyek yang tidak nyaman dibandingkan yang nyaman berisiko nyeri bahu kanan Iebih dari dua kali lipat (odds rasio suaian (OR) = 2,27; 95% CI = 1,11-4,64). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi nyeri bahu kanan sebesar 46%. Kebiasaan olah raga dan kenyamanan posisi kerja merupakan faktor risiko dominan terhadap nyeri bahu kanan. Maka diperlukan senam kesegaran jasmani dan perbaikah kenyamanan posisi kerja.

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Background: At present time, almost all activities are related with computer use. Long term computer use may, among others, cause right shoulder pain. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of right shoulder pain and related risk factors among data entry workers.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from April to May 2008 among simple random sampling selected data entry workers at an office in Jakarta. Data analysis used logistic regression. Based on physical examination, a subject considered had positive right shoulder pain if at least one test results positive provocation test Appley scratch, Yergason, and Moseley on right shoulder, or otherwise. Other data was collected by interviewing the subjects.

Results: A hundred and fifty subjects participated in this study. The prevalence of right shoulder pain was 46% (69/150). Sport habits and comfortable sitting position were dominant risk factors related with right shoulder pain. Those who had poor sport habits had almost three-fold risk to right shoulder pain [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =?- 2.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-6.07]. Those who felt uncomfortable sitting position had more than two times risk to get right shoulder pain (OR = 227; 95% CI = 1.11-4.64).

Conclusion: The prevalence of right shoulder pain was 46%. Poor sport habits and uncomfortable sitting position were dominant risk factors related with right shoulder pain. Therefore, aerobic class and more comfortable seats are recommended for data entry workers."

"Latar belakang: Dispareunia adalah nyeri pelvik yang muncul saat berhubungan seksual. Ruptur perineum derajat III dan IV dapat menyebabkan nyeri yang lebih berat dibandingkan serajat I dan II. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi trauma sfingter ani obstetri adalah persalinan dengan bantuan alat, paritas, dan berat bayi lahir.Metode: Merupakan studi potong lintang yang menggunakan data sekunder dan wawancara subjek di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo di tahun 2016-2020. Dilakukan evaluasi dispareunia dalam 12 minggu pasca persalinan per vaginam pada perempuan dengan trauma sfingter ani obstetrik.Hasil: Sebanyak 66 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sebanyak 89,4% subjek tidak mengalami dispareunia dalam waktu 12 minggu pasca persalinan per vaginam. Ada 7 subjek yang mengalami dispareunia dan sebanyak 2 subjek tergolong nyeri berat. Ruptur perineum derajat IV memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian dispareunia (p 0,001).Kesimpulan: Prevalensi dispareunia pada perempuan dengan trauma sfingter ani obstetric sebesar 10,6%. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada ruptur derajat IV terhadap kejadian dispareunia. Material benang dan teknik penjahitan, dan faktor-faktor eksternal maish harus dilakukan studi lanjut.

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Introduction: Dyspareunia is a pelvic pain occur during or after sexual intercourse. The incidence of dyspareunia from 1,2% to 56,1%. Third degree and fourth degree tear can cause deliberately much pain than first and second degree tear. Several factors caused obstetric anal sphincter injury after vaginal delivery such as assisted vaginal delivery using vacuum and forceps prolonged second stage of labor, parity, and baby birth weight.

Methods : This study design is cross sectional using secondary data (medical records) and subjects interview which evaluates the prevalence of dyspareunia in 12 weeks after vaginal delivery on women with obstetric anal sphincter injury. This study took place in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital ( 2016-2020).

Results : Sixty six subjects were enrolled into this study after met the criteria. The results were based on demographic, clinical characteristics, and bivariate analysis. Based on the dyspareunia, showed 89,4% subjects did not have dyspareunia in 12 weeks after vaginal delivery. Total 7 subjects suffered from dyspareunia.The study showed the degree of perineal rupture was significantly correlated with dyspareunia on subjects ( p 0,001).

Conclusion : The prevalence of dyspareunia on women with OASIs is 10,6%. There was statistically significant association between the degree of rupture and dyspareunia. Suturing material and technique, and wound healing factors are still need to be analysed more in the further study."