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"Watergate merupakan Skandal yang melibatkan Richard M. Nixon sebagai Presiden Amerika. Terungkapnya Skandal ini berawal dari gagalnya usaha penyadapan oleh lima orang di kantor Partai Demokrat. Dalam persidangan terdakwa mengakui bahwa secara tidak langsung ada keterlibatan Presiden Nixon. Pengunduran diri Richard M. Nixon sebagai Presiden Amerika serikat ke 37 bukan karena dampak dari Skandal Watergate. Namun pengunduran tersebut karena alasan pribadi, seperti gagalnya lobbi yang dilakukan staf gedung putih terhadap FBI dan CIA, pemberitaan media yang mengarah terhadap impeachment, tidak adanya dukungan dari Partai Republik dan pengunduran dua Staf terbaik Gedung Putih yakni Elhrilchman dan Haldeman yang terlibat dalam skandal Watergate. Akibat merasa ditinggalkan sendirian dalam menghadapi masalah Watergate, akhirnya pada tanggal 8 Agustus 1974 Richard M. Nixon mengundurkan diri sebagai Presiden Amerika ke 37. Sesuai konstitusi di Amerika maka Wakil Presiden Ford menggantikan Presiden Nixon sebagai Presiden Amerika ke 38 pada tanggal 9 Agustus 1974. Presiden Ford dengan kekuatan konstitusi Pasal 2 ayat 2 memberikan pengampunan terhadap Nixon atas segala kesalahan dan tindakan pelanggaran hukum selama dia menjabat sebagai Presiden Amerika.

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Watergate is a scandal that involves Richard Nixon as the president of America. The scandal was revealed when five people from Republic failed to tap Democrat office. In the trial, the suspect confessed that president Nixon was involved inderictly. The resignation of Richard Nixon as the 37th president of USA was not because of the Watergate Scandal. Instead the resignation is because of private reaseon such as the failure of lobbying by white house staff to FBI and CIA, the news wich tends to view as impeachment, the absence of support from republican and the resignation of two of the best staff in white house and they are Elhrilchman and Haldeman which involved in the Watergate Scandal, Richard M. Nixon eventually resigned on the 8th of August 1974 as the 37th of America President. According to the contitution, vice presdident replaced President Nixon as the 38th President of the United States on the 9th of August 1974. President Ford with the power of constitution article 2 section 2 gave remission to Nixon for every mistakes and offense that he had done since he became president."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan eksistensi kaum Mormon di Amerika lewat studi kasus terhadap Willard Mitt Romney atau lebih dikenal dengan Mitt Romney. Ia merupakan seorang tokoh Mormon di Amerika yang cukup berhasil. Pembahasan di dalam penelitian ini mendasarkan pada konsep komunitarian (communitarian) yang dipaparkan oleh Robert Bellah dan kawan-kawan yang menyatakan bahwa seorang individu itu diharapkan berkomitmen bagi dirinya sendiri, bagi keluarganya, bagi masyarakat dan komunitas, dan juga bagi bangsa dan negaranya. Dalam masalah ini, Mormonisme ditemukan sangat berperan dalam kehidupan Mitt Romney sehari-hari. Dari studi kasus terhadap Mitt Romney nampak bagaimana kaum Mormon menunjukkan eksistensi mereka di Amerika.

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This research was aimed to show the existence of the Mormons in the United States by doing a case study to Mitt Romney. He is a quite successful Mormon in the United States. The discussion in this research was based on the communitarian concept as proposes by Robert Bellah et al. This concept says that an individual should have the commitment not only to him/herself but also to the community. In this study, Mormonism was found to be actively influence Romney?s daily life. From this study case it is seen how the Mormons show their existence in the United States through Mitt Romney."

"ABSTRAK Industri gulat profesional, yang telah berkembang di Amerika sejak awal abad ke-20, berhasil mendobrak ke ranah kebudayaan populer Amerika pada dekade 1980-an ketika sebuah promotor gulat, WWE, mengedepankan unsur hiburan daripadaolahraga. Pada dekade 1990-an, industri gulat profesional Amerika berkembangdengan munculnya persaingan kepada WWE melalui promotor lainnya, WCW.Pada masa inilah, WWE merekonstruksi produk-produknya menjadi lebih dewasa.Salah satu produk karakter yang muncul adalah Stone Cold Steve Austin. StoneCold merupakan karakter hero yang justru memiliki sifat sosok yang berbedadengan karakter-karakter hero sebelumnya. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan teorisemiotika Roland Barthes dalam menganalisis karakter Stone Cold dan tandatandayang melekat di dalam karakter tersebut. Melalui analisis karakter tersebut,penelitian ini akan melihat bagaimana konsep hero dalam industri gulatprofesional Amerika terus berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan masyarakatAmerika dan juga dinamika dalam industri itu sendiri.

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ABSTRACT The American professional wrestling industry, which has already developed sincethe 20th century, managed to break through the American popular culture industrywhen a wrestling promotion, WWE, put emphasis on the entertainment aspect ofprofessional wrestling. In the 1990s, the industry developed due to the emergenceof a competing company to WWE, WCW. During this period, WWEreconstructed it products into more adult oriented. One of its products during thistime is the gimmick Stone Cold Steve Austin. Stone Cold is a hero that possessesthe characteristic of a villain. Roland Barthes’ Semiotics theory will be used toanalyze the character of Stone Cold and the signs that are embedded with him.This research hope to find out how the hero concept in the American professionalwrestling industry keeps developing depending the development of thedevelopment of America and the dynamic of the industry itself."

"Tesis ini mengkaji keberhasilan dari sosok Mia Hamm yang mampu menjadi pesepakbola Amerika Serikat pertama yang mencapai status legendaris dengan kemampuannya yang luar biasa di lapangan dan pengakuan yang diterimanya oleh masyarakat Amerika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-interpretatif. Pembahasan di dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada konsep nilai-nilai Amerika, American Dream, komunitarian, media massa, dan kebudayaan populer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Mia Hamm meraih kesuksesan bagi dirinya sendiri dan memberikan sumbangsih bagi masyarakat, bangsa, dan negaranya dalam karirnya yang menjulang sebagai atlit sepakbola perempuan setelah menerapkan nilai-nilai individu yang dianut oleh seorang Amerika dan meraih pencapaian yang belum bisa disamai oleh atlit sepakbola perempuan manapun sehingga figur dan kesuksesannya diakui dan diterima oleh masyarakat Amerika.

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This thesis analyzes Mia Hamm, an American soccer athlete with a glowing career and heavenly skills of unrivaled proportion, whose figure was accepted into the American minds as one of the greats. This research was done through the descriptive-interpretative method. Its content is based on the concept of American Values, American Dream, communitarian, mass media, and pop culture. This study found Mia Hamm achieving personal success before eventually leaving legacies for her people, country, and nation in her remarkable career as a female soccer athlete by applying the American values embedded in her very core as a human being and earned unparalleled accomplishments eventually acknowledged by the American people."

"[ABSTRAKThesis ini membahas muatan-muatan homoseksual di dalam trilogi film X- Men. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan bahwa film-film tersebut adalah media bagi kaum homoseksual untuk melawan hegemoni kaum heteroseksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan sejumlah teori seperti analisis wacana yang dikembangkan Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, teori hegemoni Antonio Gramsci, dan dihubungkan dengan History of Sexuality tulisan Michel Foucault. Analisis wacana digunakan untuk membongkar bahwa para mutan di dalam film adalah simbolisme, analogi, atau metafora dari homoseksualitas. Teori ini pada awalnya lebih banyak membahas peran sentral Bryan Singer sebagai sutradara gay dalam membuat dua dari tiga film trilogi X- Men. Peran Singer juga dianalisis dengan teori Media Literacy dan Auteur Theory untuk menunjukkan dominasi peran seorang sutradara di dalam film. Setelah menunjukkan bahwa para mutan dalam film-film tersebut adalah obsesi Singer terhadap homoseksualitas, temuan wacana tersebut dihubungkan dengan dengan hegemoni heteroseksual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa trilogi film tersebut mencerminkan semesta homoseksual untuk melawan hegemoni heteroseksual.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis talks about homosexual contents in the X-Men trilogy. Focus of the research is to show that the movies are the media for the homosexuals to fight against heterosexual hegemony. Discourse Analysis theory developed by Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, are used to analyse the movies as well Antonio Gramsci?s Hegemony, and connected to the History of Sexuality written by Michel Foucault. The discourse analysis is used to uncover mutants as the simbolism, analogy, or metaphor of homosexuality. This theory firstly concerns on the central role of Bryan Singer as a gay director of two of the movies. The role of Singer is also analysed with the theory of Media Literacy and Auteur Theory to show the dominant role of a director within movies. After showing that mutants are Singer obsession toward homosexuality, the research focuses on connecting the discourse found to the hegemony of sexuality. Research finds that the movies are clearly representing homosexual universe. The universe is created to fight against the hegemony of heterosexual.;This thesis talks about homosexual contents in the X-Men trilogy. Focus of the research is to show that the movies are the media for the homosexuals to fight against heterosexual hegemony. Discourse Analysis theory developed by Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, are used to analyse the movies as well Antonio Gramsci’s Hegemony, and connected to the History of Sexuality written by Michel Foucault. The discourse analysis is used to uncover mutants as the simbolism, analogy, or metaphor of homosexuality. This theory firstly concerns on the central role of Bryan Singer as a gay director of two of the movies. The role of Singer is also analysed with the theory of Media Literacy and Auteur Theory to show the dominant role of a director within movies. After showing that mutants are Singer obsession toward homosexuality, the research focuses on connecting the discourse found to the hegemony of sexuality. Research finds that the movies are clearly representing homosexual universe. The universe is created to fight against the hegemony of heterosexual.;This thesis talks about homosexual contents in the X-Men trilogy. Focus of the research is to show that the movies are the media for the homosexuals to fight against heterosexual hegemony. Discourse Analysis theory developed by Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, are used to analyse the movies as well Antonio Gramsci’s Hegemony, and connected to the History of Sexuality written by Michel Foucault. The discourse analysis is used to uncover mutants as the simbolism, analogy, or metaphor of homosexuality. This theory firstly concerns on the central role of Bryan Singer as a gay director of two of the movies. The role of Singer is also analysed with the theory of Media Literacy and Auteur Theory to show the dominant role of a director within movies. After showing that mutants are Singer obsession toward homosexuality, the research focuses on connecting the discourse found to the hegemony of sexuality. Research finds that the movies are clearly representing homosexual universe. The universe is created to fight against the hegemony of heterosexual., This thesis talks about homosexual contents in the X-Men trilogy. Focus of the research is to show that the movies are the media for the homosexuals to fight against heterosexual hegemony. Discourse Analysis theory developed by Teun A. van Dijk, Media Literacy, Auteur Theory, are used to analyse the movies as well Antonio Gramsci’s Hegemony, and connected to the History of Sexuality written by Michel Foucault. The discourse analysis is used to uncover mutants as the simbolism, analogy, or metaphor of homosexuality. This theory firstly concerns on the central role of Bryan Singer as a gay director of two of the movies. The role of Singer is also analysed with the theory of Media Literacy and Auteur Theory to show the dominant role of a director within movies. After showing that mutants are Singer obsession toward homosexuality, the research focuses on connecting the discourse found to the hegemony of sexuality. Research finds that the movies are clearly representing homosexual universe. The universe is created to fight against the hegemony of heterosexual.]"

"Tesis ini membahas tentang konsep double consciousness untuk melihat krisis identitas rasial yang dialami remaja kulit hitam di Amerika era post-racial, yang direpresentasikan dalam film Dear White People. Dalam tesis ini, analisis mengenai double consciousness dilakukan berdasarkan aspek krisis identitas yang dialami tokoh utama, yaitu dalam hal penampilan fisik, posisi diri di antara mahasiswa lain, hubungan romantis antar karakter, dan kesenjangan generasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa double consciousness masih dialami oleh kaum kulit hitam tetapi dalam konteks yang berbeda dengan konsep awal yang dikemukakan DuBois di tahun 1900-an. Selain itu, krisis identitas yang dialami oleh para remaja kulit hitam terjadi karena mereka dipaksa untuk melihat diri dari sudut pandang orang kulit putih ketika mencoba untuk mengartikulasikan identitas rasial mereka sebagai kaum kulit hitam.

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This thesis focuses on the concept of double consciousness to analyze how the racial identity crisis is experienced by African-American youth in the United States in the post-racial era, as represented in Dear White People film. In this thesis, an analysis of double consciousness is based on some identity crisis aspects experienced by the main characters, which are physical appearance, how the characters position themselves among other students, romantic relationship, and generation gap.

The findings indicate that the concept of double consciousness is still experienced by African-American but in a different context compared to the original concept proposed by DuBois in 1903s. Furthermore, the identity crisis that emerged as the effect of double consciousness experienced by African-American youth occurs because they are forced to see themselves from the white people point of view while they are trying to articulate their own racial identity as blacks"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini mengidentifikasi alasan di balik respons Presiden Barack Obama terhadap kasus penembakan yang terjadi di Sandy Hook Elementary School, Newtown, Connecticut, pada tanggal 14 Desember 2012 sebagai salah satu contoh kasus dari banyak kasus penembakan di Amerika Serikat, yang dijadikan momentum oleh Presiden Barack Obama untuk mengeluarkan proposal kebijakan gun control kepada Kongres disamping kontrol kepemilikan senjata api penting bagi penduduk Amerika untuk menghindari penggunaan oleh orang-orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Melalui pendekatan interdisipliner yang berfokus pada konteks institusi mengenai budaya bersenjata api dan kontrol kepemilikan senjata api, proposal kontrol kepemilikan senjata api yang diajukan Presiden Obama dapat dipaparkan melalui beberapa disiplin sejarah, sosiologi, dan politik dengan metode deskriptif analitik. Kesimpulan dari tesis ini adalah keputusan Barack Obama untuk mengajukan proposal kebijakan gun control pada momentum penembakan di Sandy Hook Elementary School, Newtown, Connecticut, merupakan waktu yang tepat serta memperhatikan berbagai aspek dan institusi yang berkaitan dengan kejadian penembakan, para korban, dan lokasi penembakan tersebut. Namun, usulan yang ditolak oleh Kongres karena institusi tersebut menilai bahwa usulan tersebut tidaklah efektif dalam mencegah terjadinya penembakan yang serupa, terlebih karena adanya budaya bersenjata api telah mengakar dalam pemikiran penduduk Amerika. Selain itu, tindakan Obama sebagai seorang presiden juga dapat dikatakan sebagai pernyataan politis pada pertengahan masa pemerintahannya yang kedua guna meninggalkan sebuah legacy peninggalan yang bermakna dengan dalih kemanusiaan. Di lain sudut, pro dan kontra mengenai kepemilikan senjata api akan terus menjadi dinamika dalam masyarakat Amerika.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis identifies the background of President Barack Obama rsquo s response on the shooting tragedy in Sandy Hook Elementary School, Newtown, Connecticut, on the14th December 2012, which it serves as one of the examples of many repeated shooting cases in the United States that became a momentum for President Obama to announce his gun control proposal to Congress besides gun control is important to American for preventing ownership of gun to un responsible citizens. Using interdisciplinary approach and focusing on institutional concepts of gun culture and gun control, Obama rsquo s gun control proposal can be described in the study through history, sociology, and politic disciplines with descriptive analytic method. Finally, President Obama 39 s decision on gun control to Congress, using the momentum of the shooting of Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, as the right time to submit his proposal, considering various aspects and institutions related to the event of the shooting happened, the victims, and its location. The Congress rejected the president rsquo s proposal, because, as an institution, it did not find that the proposal will be effective to address the problem, since, gun culture has deeply rooted in the heart and minds of many Americans. Obama rsquo s response as a president by proposing a gun control regulation to Congress, can be seen as a political act because it was submitted during his second presidential term in which it is simply to leave a humanitarian legacy on his part. In another words, pros and cons about gun ownership will always happen in everyday American life as a dynamic society."

"Tesis ini membahas representasi media bagi kelompok minoritas Amerika Serikat dengan menganalisis fenomena kemunculan gerakan LGBT Fans Deserve Better pasca kematian tokoh Lexa dalam serial televisi The 100. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis konten berbasis resepsi untuk melihat faktor yang menyebabkan tokoh Lexa sangat berpengaruh bagi kelompok LGBT dan pentingnya representasi media bagi kelompok minoritas Amerika Serikat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besarnya pengaruh Lexa merupakan hasil dari keberhasilan serial televisi The 100 merepresentasikan kelompok LGBT melalui penokohan Lexa. Keberhasilan ini ditunjukkan oleh kemampuan Lexa menunjukkan visibilitas kelompok LGBT yang membantu upaya mencari pengakuan dan membenarkan misrecognition seperti yang terlihat dari pemaknaan Lexa oleh kelompok LGBT melalui lsquo;bahasa rsquo; yang beredar. Gerakan LGBT Fans Deserve Better merupakan imbas dari kekecewaan dan kemarahaan akan terenggutnya representasi yang dianggap terbaik dan ekspektasi besar yang digantungkan kepada tokoh Lexa.

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This study examines the importance of media representation for minority groups in The United States of America based on a character in the TV series, The 100. The death of the character, Lexa, initated a movement called LGBT Fans Deserve Better, which demands for positive LGBT representations on television. This study uses qualitative approach and a reception based content analysis method to examine the reasons why the LGBT community is strongly affected by the character and her death. The data collected include tweets, tumblr posts, and website content.

The findings show that Lexa rsquo s powerful influence is the result of The 100 rsquo s success in representing LGBT community through her character. This success is demonstrated by her ability to show LGBT community visibility, which in turns helps them find a recognition and rectify the misrepresentaion of their community. LGBT Fans Deserve Better movement is a result of the disappointment and the outrage of the community brought by Lexa rsquo s death, for Lexa is perceived as the best representation for the community."

"ABSTRAKDalam menampilkan sebuah pemberitaan, media dapat saja memberi gambaran positif, negatif, maupun netral terhadap suatu isu. Gambaran tersebut biasanya memperlihatkan arah keberpihakan dari media. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberpihakan suatu media adalah afiliasi politik dari media tersebut. Penelitian ini menganalisis framing kelompok Muslim yang ditampilkan dalam dua harian besar di Amerika Serikat. Kedua harian tersebut memiliki afiliasi politik yang bertolak belakang. Houston Chronicle merupakan harian konservatif sedangkan LA Times merupakan harian liberal. Analisis dilakukan terhadap artikel-artikel dari Houston Chronicle dan LA Times dengan rentang waktu 1 Januari hingga 8 November 2016. Setelah melalui hasil seleksi, dipilih lima artikel bertajuk opini dan editorial dari masing-masing harian yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model framing Zhongdang Pan dan Gerald Kosicki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbeda dari asumsi bahwa harian konservatif akan memberitakan kelompok Muslim secara simplistis, ternyata penggambaran pemberitaan mengenai kelompok Muslim pada periode pemilu presiden Amerika Serikat 2016 cenderung lebih kompleks.

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ABSTRACTAbstractIn presenting a report, the media may have a positive, negative, or neutral picture of an issue. The picture is usually already incorporated based on media alignments. One of the factors that determines a media alignment is the political affiliation of the media. This study refers to Muslim groups in two major newspapers in the United States. Both newspaper has an opposite political affiliations. The Houston Chronicle is a conservative daily news while the LA Times is a liberal daily news. The analysis was conducted on articles from the Houston Chronicle and the LA Times from January 1 to November 8, 2016. After going through the selection results, five articles of opinion and editorial of each daily were analyzed using framing model Zhongdang Pan and Kosicki. The results show that different from the assumption that the conservative principle will potray Muslim groups in simplistis way by simply present negative reports, it turns out the issue of Muslim groups during US presidential election 2016 as represented in the US media is more complex."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang upaya nonkonvensional yang dilakukan oleh Donald Trump selama masa kampanye Pemilihan Presiden Amerika Serikat 2015-2016 dengan menggunakan konsep dan teori politik kampanye dan teori American exceptionalism. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif secara deskriptif analitik untuk memberikan gambaran terkait dengan judul tesis ini. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan narasumber yang relevan dengan kebutuhan penelitian.Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Donald Trump menggunakan upaya-upaya secara nonkonvensional yang berimplikasi meningkatkan elektabilitas dalam Pemilihan Presiden Amerika Serikat 2015-2016. Salah satunya ialah dengan menggaungkan slogan Makes America great again yang dianggap mampu membangkitkan semangat American exceptionalism kepada warga Amerika Serikat pada umumnya, kepada pendukung Donald Trump yang berasal dari kalangan ras kulit putih pada khususnya. Donald Trump dikenal sebagai sosok yang rasis, diskriminasi dan anti-imigran dalam penelitian ini ditemukan fakta-fakta yang menunjukkan popularitas Donald Trump meningkat di kalangan warga Amerika Serikat yang berpaham konservatif.

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This thesis discusses the nonconventional efforts made by Donald Trump during US Presidential Election campaign in 2015 2016 using the campaign politics concept and theory and American exceptionalism theory. This research used qualitative method with descriptive analytics. The process of data collection was conducted through literature study and interviews with resource persons relevant to the research needs. This study is limited to only one year period which covers the US Presidential Election in 2015 2016. That one year period was the campaign period of Donald Trump as a Republican candidate. The corpus object of research is Republican Platform because the platform allows Author to analyze the use of Donald Trump 39 s unconventional efforts during the campaign period and to answer two research questions. The research found that Donald Trump was using nonconventional efforts to increase his electability in US Presidential Election in 2015 2016. This study shows that Donald Trump's racist, discriminatory and anti immigrant tendency has promoted his popularity among White American conservatives. Some of these unconventional efforts include demagoguery, voter 39's suppression and the slogan Makes America great again which was thought to be able to arouse the spirit and value of American exceptionalism39's white supporters in particular. "