Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Nowadays, trade has become more liberalized, tariff has steadily fallen but many of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to international trade remain or even increase. Regulatory measures such as technical standards on quality offering protection for human, animal, or environment. However, the purpose sometimes blur with the interest of domestic industry. Thus it can be the impediment of trade, which can decrease welfare. Indonesia also has its own standards, the National Standards of Indonesia (SNI). One of the standards is SNI for wheat flour, which application has been mandatory by Government. The purpose of the regulation is to increase nutritious value of society, however to some extent it is intertwined with the purpose of protecting domestic industry by using SNI as technical barriers, even though it is equally imposed to both domestic and foreign producers. This thesis shows that until 2006 the application of mandatory SNI for wheat flour in Indonesia did not act as technical barriers, although this thesis shows that the application of mandatory SNI has caused an increase in production cost and transaction cost of both local and foreign wheat flour producers. The increase in domestic production cost with the raw materials approach calculates only 0.01 percent from total cost of raw material. While the effect of increase in costs for foreign producer, by using quantity of export approach, shows that countries with high export to Indonesia are not strongly affected and they keep on exporting. Increases !n transaction costs come from the certification cost, certification procedures and quality control mechanism. There is around 380% difference in certification fee between domestic and foreign producer. There are also other potential transaction costs that might incur both to domestic producers or importers such as lobbying cost, queuing cost, information cost and even bribery cost. In average, the quantity of imported wheat after the implementation (2002-2006) increased for around forty percent, although during the first two years of the application it experienced a slight decrease. However, the increase in quantity of Imported wheat flour did not very much infiuence its market share in domestic market. Data shows that the market share of imported wheat flour did not experience any increase during 2002-2006. On the other hand, the average productions of domestic industry has fncreased for around fifty percent during 2002-2006, while its market share still take a dominant position with more than eighty percent. Finally, this research show that the increase in production costs and transaction costs due to the application of mandatory SNI is not significance in influencing domestic production/ quantity of import and market share."

"Besarnya nilai pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah, terutama dalam belanja modal, membuat proyek-proyek pengadaan menjadi sangat rentan terhadap korupsi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dampak dari penerapan e-Procurement pada proyek-proyek pengadaan barang jasa terhadap jumlah kasus korupsi pengadaan barang jasa di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan difference-in-differences-in-differences dalam model regresi negative binomial, penelitian ini menganalisis data panel 103 kasus korupsi barang jasa di Indonesia yang telah inkracht yang ditangani oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) dalam kurun waktu 2005-2017. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-Procurement secara signifikan berhubungan dengan penurunan jumlah kasus korupsi pengadaan barang jasa di provinsi-provinsi yang memiliki rasio belanja modal terhadap total pengadaan barang jasa yang relatif tinggi. Temuan ini memperlihatkan efek positif dari e-Procurement terhadap penurunan kasus korupsi barang dan jasa dan dengan demikian mendukung studi-studi terdahulu mengenai dampak positif dari e-Procurement dalam rangka pelaksanaan e-Governance.

---

The high value of procurement of government goods and services, especially in capital expenditures, makes procurement projects very vulnerable to corruption. This study identifies the impact of e-Procurement implementation on goods and services procurement projects on the number of corruption cases of public procurement in Indonesia. By using the difference-in-differences-in-differences approach in the negative binomial regression model, this study analyzes panel data on 103 corruption cases of service goods in Indonesia that have been handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in the period 2005-2017. The estimation results show that the implementation of e-Procurement is significantly associated with a decrease in the number of corruption cases of procurement of goods and services in provinces which have a relatively high capital expenditure ratio for goods procurement services. This finding shows the positive effect of e-Procurement on decreasing corruption cases of goods and services and thus supports previous studies regarding the positive impact of      e-Procurement in the context of implementing e-Governance.

"

"Ketertarikan pemerintah pada Kemitraan Pemerintah-Swasta dipicu oleh iming-imingmemperoleh fasilitas publik dengan beban yang lebih sedikit pada anggaran pemerintah.Namun, kegagalan demi kegagalan PPP di berbagai belahan dunia memperingatkanpemerintah bahwa PPP bukanlah sebuah silver bullet yang ampuh untuk semuakebutuhan infrastruktur publik. Studi tentang kegagalan PPP biasanya berfokus padakegagalan setelah proyek telah beroperasi, padahal justru banyak proyek dibatalkansebelum kontrak ditandatangani. Studi kasus tunggal ini mengeksplorasi lambatnyarealisasi proyek PPP Waste to Energy (WTE) di Bandung Besar. Penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa masalah biaya transaksi, baik politik dan ekonomi, menjadihambatan utama dalam realisasi proyek. Empat masalah utama biaya transaksi dalamrealisasi proyek ini yaitu masalah pengetahuan, koordinasi, risiko dan ketidakpastian, dankepercayaan. Masalah pengetahuan terkait dengan kurangnya pengetahuan danpenalaman PPP pemerintah yang mengarah pada desain proyek yang tidak lengkap danketidakselarasan peraturan. Masalah koordinasi muncul karena banyak pemangkukepentingan yang terlibat yang memerlukan struktur tata kelola yang kompleks, terutamamengingat perubahan kepemimpinan politik. Masalah risiko dan ketidakpastian terkaitdengan aset yang sangat spesifik dari WTE. Terakhir, kepercayaan publik padapemerintah dan swasta rendah karena kurangnya transparansi dan dugaan konspirasidalam proses penawaran, sedangkan fasilitas berbahaya ini terletak di dekat perumahan.

---

The increasing government interest in Public-Private Partnerships is triggered by the lureof obtaining public facilities with a less burden on the government budget. However,many PPP failures in various parts of the world warn the government that PPP is not asilver bullet solution for all public infrastructure needs. Studies on PPP failures usuallyfocus on failures after the project has been in operation, whereas many projects werecanceled before the contract is signed. This single case study explores the slow pace ofthe PPP Waste to Energy WTE projects realization in Greater Bandung. It suggests thattransaction costs issues, both political and economic, play a significant role, includingknowledge, coordination, risk and uncertainty, and trust problems. The knowledgeproblems are related to the governments lack of PPP knowledge that leads to theincomplete project design and misalignment of regulations. The coordination problemsarise because many stakeholders involved that required a complex governance structure,especially in the light of political leadership changes. The risk and uncertainty problemsare related to highly specific assets of WTE increases the risks of private investmentbecause the government support and guarantee to cover the assets and the waste qualitywas inadequate and regulation changes regarding fees and tariffs would risk the return ofthe investment. Lastly, public trust in government and private was low due to the lackedtransparency and alleged conspiracy in the bidding process, whereas this hazardousfacility is located near area residents."

"Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menganalisis sejauh mana peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) dalam menunjang kinerja ekonomi kreatif yang sedang berkembang pesat di Indonesia. TIK pada sektor ekonomi kreatif tidak hanya dapat mendukung pengurangan biaya (cost reduction) atau penciptaan pendapatan (revenue generation) seperti pada business as usual, melainkan juga sebagai modal penting untuk mengintensifkan kreativitas dari sumber daya manusia yang menjadi faktor produksi utama dalam ekonomi kreatif. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis Ordinary Least Square (OLS), studi ini menganalisis data cross section yang bersumber dari Survey Khusus Ekonomi Kreatif (SKEK) oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) pada tahun 2016 dan menemukan bahwa walaupun secara umum pemanfaatan TIK berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja ekonomi kreatif, namun secara khusus hubungannya sangat bergantung pada jenis kegiatan atau subsektor dalam ekonomi kreatif. Pengaruh yang negatif terhadap pemanfatan TIK ditemukan pada subsektor desain komunikasi visual (DKV), musik, aplikasi dan games, dan seni rupa. Lebih jauh penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa pemanfaatan TIK pada usaha skala mikro berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerjanya. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa jenis subsektor dan skala usaha adalah faktor yang menentukan peran positif TIK dalam meningkatkan kinerja usaha ekonomi kreatif.

---

This research aims at analyzing to what extent the role of information and communication technology (ICT) could support the performance of the creative economy sector that is rapidly growing in Indonesia. ICT in creative economy is not only helpful in promoting cost reduction or revenue generation as in business as usual, but also in itself is important asset to intensify the creativity of human resources which is the main production factor in creative economy. Using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis method, this study analyzed cross section data from the Special Survey of the Creative Economy (Survei Khusus Ekonomi Kreatif/SKEK) by Indonesian Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik/BPS) in 2016 and found that although the use of ICTs delivers a positive effect on creative economy performance in general, the correlation varies depending on the type of activities or subsector of the creative economy in particular. The negative impact of the use of ICTs on firm performance is found in the visual communication design, music, application and games, and fine art subsectors. Furthermore, this study also uncovered that the use of ICTs in micro scale businesses was associated negatively with its performance. The result indicates that the type of subsectors and the scale of the firms are the determinants of whether ICT would have a positive effect in the performance of the creative economy."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak pembangunan tol khusus tol Trans Jawa terhadap perubahan lahan pertanian dan lahan terbangun. Pengolahan dan analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan difference-in-defference untuk melihat dampak sebelum dan sesudah adanya pembangunan jalan tol. Penelitian ini menggunakan batas administrasi kabupaten / kota sebagai unit analisis serta 92 kabupaten atau kota yang menjadi fokus dari penelitian ini. Pemilihan kabupaten / kota ini berdasarkan pada kabupaten / kota yang dilewati tol serta yang berdampingan dengan kabupaten / kota yang dilewati tol. Hasil dari pengolahan data serta analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada pengurangan luas lahan pertanian sebanyak 24% dan penambahan luas lahan terbangun sebanyak 7% jika dibandingkan dengan kabupaten / kota yang tidak dilewati tol. Jika dilihat dari segi kebijakan, pembangunan tol Trans Jawa dapat dikatakan berdampak buruk terhadap sektor pertanian. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan cita – cita presiden Joko Widodo yang menginginkan pembangunan dari pelosok negeri serta distribusi barang termasuk hasil pertanian semakin cepat guna menyejahterakan masyarakat yang di dalamnya termasuk para petani.  

---

This study aims to see the impact of the special toll road construction of the Trans Java toll road on changes in agricultural land and built-up land. The data processing and analysis in this study uses a difference-in-difference approach to see the impact before and after the construction of the toll road. This study uses district/city administrative boundaries as the unit of analysis and 92 districts or cities that are the focus of this research. The selection of regencies/cities is based on the regencies/cities through which the toll road passes as well as those adjacent to the regencies/cities through which the toll road passes. The results of data processing and analysis show that there is a reduction in the area of ​​agricultural land by 24% and an increase in the area of ​​built-up land by 7% when compared to districts/cities that are not passed by toll roads. From a policy perspective, the construction of the Trans Java toll road can be said to have a negative impact on the agricultural sector. This is not in accordance with the ideals of President Joko Widodo who wants development from remote parts of the country and the distribution of goods including agricultural products to be faster in order to improve the welfare of the community, including farmers."

"Di Indonesia, program reforma agraria telah diselenggarakan sejak tahun 1960 melalui Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Meski demikian, gerakan reforma agraria terlihat semakin masif sejak 2015 setelah pemerintah mengeluarkan program pendaftaran tanah sistematis lengkap. Studi ini mengkaji pengaruh perubahan status kepemilikan tanah terhadap produktivitas rumah tangga usaha tani padi di Indonesia, meskipun pengamatan terkait hak atas tanah dilakukan sebelum adanya program reforma agraria secara masif pada tahun 2015. Menggunakan metode two periode difference-in-differences (DID), penelitian ini menganalisis status kepemilikan tanah 686 rumah tangga usaha tani padi dalam survei longitudinal IFLS gelombang keempat (2007) dan kelima (2014). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam produktivitas usaha tani padi akibat perubahan status kepemilikan lahan dari weak land ownership menjadi strong land ownership atau legal pada rumah tangga petani padi di Indonesia. Setidaknya ada empat alasan yang diindikasikan menjadi penjelasan, pertama, kurang berkembangnya pasar tenaga kerja pertanian di Indonesia; kedua, pasar kredit usaha tani padi rendah; ketiga, lambatnya mekanisasi pertanian padi di Indonesia; dan keempat, transferabilitas aset tanah. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah setidaknya perlu meningkatkan aksesibilitas kredit formal dan mengintervensi langsung faktor produksi pertanian dengan memberikan hibah dan subsidi berupa bibit padi berkualitas, mekanisasi alat pertanian, dan perbaikan sarana irigasi.

---

In Indonesia, the agrarian reform program has been organized since 1960 through Basic Agrarian Law Act. Nonetheless, agrarian reform movement looks more massive since 2015 after the government issue a complete systematic land registration program. This study examines the effect of changes in land ownership status on household productivity of rice farming in Indonesia, although the observations regarding land titling were held prior to the existence of the massive program of agrarian reform in 2015. Using the two-period difference-difference (DiD), this study analyzed the land ownership status of 686 rice farming households in the IFLS longitudinal survey in the fourth (2007) and fifth (2014) waves. The results show that there is no significant difference in the productivity of rice farming due to changes in land ownership status from weak land ownerhisp to strong or legal land ownership in rice farming households in Indonesia. There are at least four reasons that are indicated to be explanations, first, the underdeveloped agricultural labor market in Indonesia; second, the credit market for rice farming is low; third, the slow mechanization of paddy farming in Indonesia; and fourth, transferability of land assets. Therefore, the government at least needs to increase the accessibility of formal credit access and intervene directly in agricultural production factors by providing grants and subsidies in the form of quality rice seeds, agricultural mechanization tools, and improving irrigation facilities."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang dampak dari penerapan kebijakan/peraturan yang diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah Pusat pada tahun 2008 dan 2009, yaitu tentang Pedoman Pembangunan Menara Bersama Telekomunikasi, yang bertujuan untuk menghemat investasi di pembangunan jaringan telekomunikasi, menghindari investasi berulang oleh para operator telekomunikasi, memberikan kesempatan kepada perusahaan dalam negeri, serta meningkatkan persaingan di sektor telekomunikasi. Pada pelaksanaannya di tingkat daerah, ternyata menimbulkan dampak negatif dalam bentuk meningkatnya biaya transaksi yang disebabkan karena beberapa faktor, seperti retribusi, lamanya waktu pengurusan perizinan, dan ketidakselarasan peraturan daerah dengan peraturan pusat. Meskipun terdapat juga dampak positif dari pembangunan menara telekomunikasi, dan dari diperolehnya pendapatan dari bisnis sewa menara, namun bagi operator telekomunikasi, meningkatnya biaya transaksi setiap tahun menjadi kekuatiran yang cukup besar. Secara spesifik dibahas juga faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan meningkatkan biaya transaksi dan saran perbaikannya.

---

This thesis is discussing the impact of implementation of a policy/regulation issued by Central Government in 2008-2009, on the Guidelines of Construction and Shared Used of Telecommunication Tower To The Telecommunication Operator's Efficiency in Expanding The Telecommunication Network. The policy/regulation objective is to have a saving in the investment, avoid double investment by operators and to increase the role of domestic company, as well as to increase the competition in the telecommunication sector. In the implementation in regional areas, it creates negative impact in the form of increasing transaction cost due to several factors, such as retribution, the longer time to process permits, and the unharmonized regional regulation with regulation issued by central government. Even thought there is positive impact due to the efficiency of providing tower dan due to additional source of income from tower rental business, the fact that the trend of increasing transaction cost become a big concern to the telecommunication operatoras. Also being discussed are factors which contribute to the increament in the transaction cost, and the recommendation to improve the situation."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai analisa efektivitas kebijakan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu terhadap perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing di sektor perdagangan penjualan langsung. Dengan adanya kebijakan tersebut, perusahaan melewati 5 (lima) tahapan perizinan dan melalui 4 (empat) institusi untuk dapat memulai kegiatan usahanya di Indonesia secara komersial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan tersebut belum efektif karena walaupun terjadi penurunan biaya dan waktu namun penurunan tersebut tidak signifikan dan persepsi pelaku usaha bernilai cukup. Untuk mendukung kebijakan tersebut harusnya dilakukan pelimpahan kewenangan dari berbagai macam instansi dan didirikannya lembaga pemantau kebijakan.

---

This thesis discusses about the analysis of the effectiveness of One Stop Service Policy towards foreign investment in direct selling sector. With this policy, the company through 5 (five) stages of licensing and through the 4 (four) institutions to be able to start its business in Indonesia. The results showed that the policy is not effective because the decreasing of cost and time was not significant and the perception of the business is worth enough. To support this policy should be total delegation of authority from various agencies and the establishment of a policy monitoring agency."

"Kawasan industri memiliki potensi untuk mempengaruhi proses urbanisasi dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk melalui penyerapan tenaga kerja. Pertumbuhan populasi, perkembangan ekonomi, dan urbanisasi yang cepat secara bersama-sama berkontribusi terhadap produksi sampah di suatu daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kawasan industri terhadap timbulan sampah di Indonesia. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan regresi data panel dengan data timbulan sampah, kawasan industri, penerapan kebijakan 3R, serta fasilitas pengelolaan sampah berupa Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA), bank sampah, dan komposting pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada tahun 2019-2022. Berdasarkan penelitian keberadaan kawasan industri pada kabupaten/kota di Indonesia berpengaruh pada peningkatan timbulan sampah. Sedangkan, fasilitas bank sampah berpengaruh pada penurunan timbulan sampah. Sementara, kebijakan lingkungan berupa 3R, TPA, komposting tidak signifikan berpengaruh pada timbulan sampah total.

---

The industrial areas has the potential to influence the process of urbanization by increasing the population through labor absorption. Population growth, economic development, and rapid urbanization collectively contribute to waste generation in a region. This study aims to analyze the influence of industrial areas on waste generation in Indonesia. The research analysis technique used is panel data regression with waste generation data, industrial areas, the implementation of the 3R policy, and waste management facilities such as final processing site or TPA, waste banks, and composting at the regency/city level in Indonesia from 2019 to 2022. Based on the study, the presence of industrial areas in regencies/cities in Indonesia has an impact on increasing waste generation. Meanwhile, waste bank facilities have an effect on reducing waste generation. On the other hand, environmental policies such as 3R, TPA, and composting do not significantly affect total waste generation."

"ABSTRAKKajian ini mencoba melihat dampak dari peningkatan kualitas permukiman kumuh terhadap penurunan kejadian banjir dan bencana tanah di tingkat desa di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan perbedaan-dalam-perbedaan (DID) pada model regresi logit, penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan dana desa di 24.343 desa di Indonesia selama periode 2006-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah diterapkannya kebijakan dana desa, peluang terjadinya bencana pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu desa yang memiliki tingkat permukiman kumuh yang relatif tinggi adalah 0,761 kali lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yaitu desa yang memiliki tingkat permukiman yang relatif rendah. tingkat permukiman kumuh dengan tingkat signifikansi 1%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan dan atau peningkatan kualitas infrastruktur di perdesaan kumuh berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan kejadian bencana.ABSTRACTThis study tries to see the impact of improving the quality of slum settlements on reducing the incidence of floods and land disasters at the village level in Indonesia. Using the difference-in-difference (DID) approach in the logit regression model, this study analyzes the effect of village fund policies in 24,343 villages in Indonesia during the 2006-2018 period. The results showed that after the implementation of the village fund policy, the chances of a disaster occurring in the treatment group, namely villages that had relatively high slum settlement rates, were 0.761 times lower than the control group, namely villages that had relatively low settlement rates. slum settlement level with a significance level of 1%. This shows that the development and or improvement of infrastructure quality in slum villages has a significant effect on reducing the incidence of disasters."