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"Daerah panas bumi Gunung Endut berlokasi di Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten, sekitar 40 km ke arah selatan dari kota Rangkasbitung. Terdapat empat manifestasi mata air panas yaitu mata air panas Handeuleum, Cikawah 1, Cikawah 2, dan Gajrug. Berdasarkan analisis geokimia menggunakan diagram segitiga Na-K-Mg, Cl-Li-B, dan Cl-SO4-HCO3, diketahui bahwa mata air panas Cikawah 1 bertipe klorida sedangkan lainnya bertipe bikarbonat. Temperatur reservoir berkisar 162 -180 oC diprediksi dengan geotermometer SiO2 dan NaK. Secara umum keseluruhan mata air panas merupakan out flow, namun ada pendugaan bahwa Cikawah 1 merupakan upflow ? karena berada pada partial equilibrium dan bertipe klorida. Berdasarkan metode gravitasi, mengindikasikan intrusi batuan beku di Cikawah yang memungkinkan menjadi sumber panas untuk sistem panas bumi Cikawah. Zona clay cap diduga lapisan impermeablel memanjang di bawah permukaan gunung Endut sehingga fluida reservoir tidak bisa muncul di pemukaan Gunung Endut tetapi mengalir ke arah manifestasi berupa outflow. Zona reservoir berada di bawah gunung Endut pada kedalaman > 1000 m. Panas bumi Gunung Endut merupakan sistem hidrotermal dengan fluida reservoir berupa air panas water dominated system . Area prospek panas bumi gunung Endut berada di sekitar manifestasi Cikawah hingga bagian barat gunung Endut. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan melakukan survey geokimia dan gravitasi di sekitar puncak Gunung Endut.

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Endut geothermal area is located in Lebak, Banten province, about 40 km to the south of the town of Rangkasbitung. There are four manifestations of the hot springs, they are hot springs Handeuleum, Cikawah 1, Cikawah 2, and Gajrug. Based on geochemical analysis using the triangular diagram of Na K Mg, Cl Li B and Cl SO4 HCO3, it is known that the hot springs Cikawah 1 is type of chloride water whereas the other type of bicarbonate. Reservoir temperature ranges from 162 180 C predicted by geotermometer SiO2 and NaK. In general overall hot springs are out flow, but there are predictions that Cikawah 1 is an upflow because it is the type of partial equilibrium and chloride. Based on the gravity method, indicating igneous intrusions in Cikawah which allows the source of heat for geothermal systems Cikawah. Clay cap zone allegedly impermeable layer extends below the surface Mt. Endut so that the fluid reservoir Endut could not appear at the surface Gunung Endut but flows towards manifestation in the form of outflow. Reservoir zone located below the Mt. Endut at depths 1000 m. Geothermal of Mt. Endut is a hydrothermal system with a fluid reservoir in the form of hot water water dominated system . Geothermal prospect Mt. Endut areas located around manifestation Cikawah to the western part of the Mt. Endut. Further research is needed to conduct geochemical surveys and gravity around the summit of Mt. Endut."

"Prospek Panasbumi Gunung Endut terletak di kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten, 40 km arah selatan Kota Rangkasbitung, dengan letak geografis antara 9261000-9274000 N dan 639000-652000 E. Survei pendahuluan berupa survei geologi- geokimia, resistivitas dan MT yang telah dilakukan PSDG pada 2006 menunjukkan Gunung Endut di dominasi oleh batuan vulkanik kuarter yang berasal dari Gunung Endut, yang memotong lapisan sedimen. Sesar normal berarah NE ndash; SW menghasilkan manifestasi yaitu mata air panas Cikawah T=53-88?C, pH=7.74-7.98 dan mata air panas Handeuleum T=57?C, pH=7.7. Berdasarkan geotermometer NaK dan SiO2 suhu bawah permukaan berkisar antara 162-180?C. Analisa lineament density menunjukkan daerah lereng sebelah barat G. Endut mempunyai nilai lineament density paling besar, yang selanjutnya mengecil ke arah timur. Hasil pengolahan dan analisa data MT menunjukkan area outflow dari daerah penelitian berada pada kontras anomali tinggi yang disebabkan oleh batuan beku yang berada di lingkungan sedimen yang konduktif. Pusat sistem panasbumi G. Endut diperkirakan berada di sebelah timur dari area survey.

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Rangkasbitung City, with geographic UTM position between 9261000 9274000 N and 639000 652000 E. Preliminary survey which have been made at Mt. Endut is Geological and Geochemical Survey in 2006, resistivity survey and MT survey in2007 with 27 measurement point. All survey conducted by Pusat Data dan Studi Geologi PSDG . According to result of premilinary survey, Mt. Endut is dominated by quartenary volcanic rock produced by Mt. Endut, which breakthrough tertiary sediment layer. NE to SW normal fault produced surface manifestation, namely Cikawah hot spring T 53 88 C, pH 7.74 7.98 and Handeleum hot spring T 57 C, pH 7.7. According to SiO2 and NaK geothermometer, subsurface temperature of Mt Endut is ranging from 162 to 180.

Apparent resistivity maps show that thermal manifestation areas coincide with pronounced high anomaly due to resistive intrusion bodies contrast to conductive sedimentary basements. Result from integrated interpretation of MT and gravity method shows survey is an outflow zone. In manifestation area theres no clay cap, which main part of geothermal system. Therefore the geothermal system presumably located beneath Mt. Endut Peak."

"[ABSTRAKSistem panas bumi vulkanik, bertemperatur tinggi dan liquid dominatedDieng memiliki potensi sebesar 355 MWe meliputi area Sileri, Sikidang-Merdadadan Pakuwaja. Hingga saat ini telah beroperasi pembangkit listrik berkapasitas1x60 MW disuplai oleh uap dari sumur di area Sileri.Re-evaluasi strategi pengembangan lapangan panas bumi Dieng secaraterpadu dilakukan dengan mengkaji data geologi, data geokimia manifestasi dansumur dan data geofisika. Kajian geokimia meliputi air, gas, isotop untukmengetahui karakteristik kimia reservoir, didukung oleh model 2DMagnetotellurik (MT) yang menggambarkan distribusi resistivitas bawahpermukaan, model 2D gravitasi yang menggambarkan struktur bawahpermukaan, serta didukung oleh struktur geologi, vulkanostratigrafi dan alterasihidrothermal.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua zona upflow utama diSileri dan Sikidang. Zona asam di Sikidang ditunjukkan oleh keberadaan fluidamagmatik, isotop 18O yang enrich dan mendekati zona andesitic water di sekitarsumur DNG-2 dan DNG-8. Zona aman silica scaling di area Sileri berada disekitar sumur HCE-31 dan DNG-10.Pengembangan lapangan Dieng selanjutnya masih mungkin dilakukan diarea bagian timur laut yang ditunjukkan oleh keberadaan claycap dan heat sourcepada zona upflow Sileri.

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ABSTRACTVolcanic geothermal systems, high temperature and liquid dominated Dieng hasa potential of 355 MWe covers an area Sileri, Sikidang-Merdada and Pakuwaja.Until currently operates power plants with a capacity of 1x60 MW supplied bysteam from wells in Sileri area.Re-evaluation of Dieng development strategy in integrated to seek theextension of field development by assessing the geochemical data ofmanifestations and wells, geophysical data and geological data. Geochemicalstudies include water, gas and isotope to describe reservoir chemicalcharacteristic, supported by a 2D model of Magnetotelluric (MT) which describesthe distribution of subsurface resistivity, 2D model of Gravity depictingsubsurface structures, and supported by geological structure, vulkanostratigrafyand hydrothermal alteration.There are two main upflow zone in Sileri and Sikidang. Acid zone shownat magmatic fluid existence, enrich of 18O and approximate the andesitic waterzone in around DNG-2 and DNG-8. Safe Zone of Silica Scaling be in around ofHCE-31 and DNG-10.Furthermore, Dieng development is possible in north-east area whichshow in clay cap and heat source existence in Sileri Upflow Zone.;Volcanic geothermal systems, high temperature and liquid dominated Dieng hasa potential of 355 MWe covers an area Sileri, Sikidang-Merdada and Pakuwaja.Until currently operates power plants with a capacity of 1x60 MW supplied bysteam from wells in Sileri area.Re-evaluation of Dieng development strategy in integrated to seek theextension of field development by assessing the geochemical data ofmanifestations and wells, geophysical data and geological data. Geochemicalstudies include water, gas and isotope to describe reservoir chemicalcharacteristic, supported by a 2D model of Magnetotelluric (MT) which describesthe distribution of subsurface resistivity, 2D model of Gravity depictingsubsurface structures, and supported by geological structure, vulkanostratigrafyand hydrothermal alteration.There are two main upflow zone in Sileri and Sikidang. Acid zone shownat magmatic fluid existence, enrich of 18O and approximate the andesitic waterzone in around DNG-2 and DNG-8. Safe Zone of Silica Scaling be in around ofHCE-31 and DNG-10.Furthermore, Dieng development is possible in north-east area whichshow in clay cap and heat source existence in Sileri Upflow Zone.;Volcanic geothermal systems, high temperature and liquid dominated Dieng hasa potential of 355 MWe covers an area Sileri, Sikidang-Merdada and Pakuwaja.Until currently operates power plants with a capacity of 1x60 MW supplied bysteam from wells in Sileri area.Re-evaluation of Dieng development strategy in integrated to seek theextension of field development by assessing the geochemical data ofmanifestations and wells, geophysical data and geological data. Geochemicalstudies include water, gas and isotope to describe reservoir chemicalcharacteristic, supported by a 2D model of Magnetotelluric (MT) which describesthe distribution of subsurface resistivity, 2D model of Gravity depictingsubsurface structures, and supported by geological structure, vulkanostratigrafyand hydrothermal alteration.There are two main upflow zone in Sileri and Sikidang. Acid zone shownat magmatic fluid existence, enrich of 18O and approximate the andesitic waterzone in around DNG-2 and DNG-8. Safe Zone of Silica Scaling be in around ofHCE-31 and DNG-10.Furthermore, Dieng development is possible in north-east area whichshow in clay cap and heat source existence in Sileri Upflow Zone., Volcanic geothermal systems, high temperature and liquid dominated Dieng hasa potential of 355 MWe covers an area Sileri, Sikidang-Merdada and Pakuwaja.Until currently operates power plants with a capacity of 1x60 MW supplied bysteam from wells in Sileri area.Re-evaluation of Dieng development strategy in integrated to seek theextension of field development by assessing the geochemical data ofmanifestations and wells, geophysical data and geological data. Geochemicalstudies include water, gas and isotope to describe reservoir chemicalcharacteristic, supported by a 2D model of Magnetotelluric (MT) which describesthe distribution of subsurface resistivity, 2D model of Gravity depictingsubsurface structures, and supported by geological structure, vulkanostratigrafyand hydrothermal alteration.There are two main upflow zone in Sileri and Sikidang. Acid zone shownat magmatic fluid existence, enrich of 18O and approximate the andesitic waterzone in around DNG-2 and DNG-8. Safe Zone of Silica Scaling be in around ofHCE-31 and DNG-10.Furthermore, Dieng development is possible in north-east area whichshow in clay cap and heat source existence in Sileri Upflow Zone.]"

"Tahap eksplorasi panas bumi merupakan tahap yang memiliki resiko paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan tahapan panas bumi lainnya. Sehingga diperlukan data-data kondisi bawah permukaan yang terintegrasi dengan baik dalam mendukung penentuan lokasi pemboran dengan tingkat kepastian yang lebih tinggi. Target pemboran ditujukan pada daerah yang memiliki temperatur dan permeabilitas tinggi. Distribusi temperatur bawah permukaan dapat didekati dari nilai resistivitas data Magnetotellurik (MT). Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pemodelan sistem panas bumi menggunakan data MT. Inversi 3-dimensi (3-D) data MT dilakukan untuk mengetahui resistivitas bawah permukaan. Lapisan konduktif diindikasikan sebagai clay cap dari sistem panas bumi, lapisan yang berada di bawah clay cap dengan nilai resistivitas sedikit lebih tinggi diindikasikan sebagai zona reservoir, dan body dengan nilai resistivitas tinggi yang merupakan heat source dapat dideteksi dengan metode MT. Hasil pengolahan data MT dan data interpretasi terpadu dengan data pendukung data geologi, geokimia, dan data sumur diperoleh model sistem panas bumi dan target pemboran. Berdasarkan peta elevasi Base of Conductor (BOC) dan hasil inversi MT 3-dimensi: luas daerah prospek Gunung Parakasak sekitar 15 km2 dengan potensi 117 MWe (untuk k=0.1) dan 257 MW (untuk k=2), struktur updome (upflow zone) di bawah puncak Gunung Parakasak dan aliran outflow menuju ke Rawa Danau.

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Geothermal exploration phase is the phase that has the highest risk among the other geothermal activities. Hence, the good integrated data of the subsurface condition needed to support the determination of the drilling location with the higher probability. The target of drilling activities is addressed to any regions that have high temperature and permeability. The distribution of the subsurface temperature can be approached by the resistivity value of Magnetotelluric data (MT).

This research focus is modelling of geothermal system by using MT data. Inversion of 3-dimension MT data conducted to analyze the subsurface resistivity. The conductive layer can be indicated as clay cap of geothermal system, the layer that resided under the clay cap with much more higher resistivity value can be indicated as reservoir zone, and the body with high resistivity value is the heat source that can be detected by MT method.

The tabulation of MT data and integrated interpreted data with the supporting data, such as geology data, geochemical data, and geothermal-well data will result the model of geothermal system and well targeting. Based on Base of Conductor (BOC) elevation map and MT 3-D inversion result, prospect area of Mt. Parakasak are about 15 km2 with the geothermal potency 117 MWe (k=0.1), 257 MW (k=2), the updome structure (upflow zone) under the top of Mt. Parakasak, and outflow zone towards to Rawa Danau."

"[ABSTRAKTelah diakukan penelitian guna mendelineasi zona prospek sistem panasbumi Daerah „P‟ menggunakan pemodelan multi dimensi data magnetotelurik terintegrasi data geologi dan geokimia. Daerah panasbumi „P‟ secara fisiografi termasuk pada Busur Banda Dalam tak bergunungapi disusun oleh komplek batuan malihan sekis berumur Perm-Trias. Gejala adanya sistem panasbumi pada daerah penelitian ditandai dengan kemunculan manifestasi permukaan berupa enam mata air panas bersuhu (37-67oC), pH (6-7) dan bertipe klorida-bikarbonat. Pembentukan sistem panasbumi diduga berkaitan dengan aktivitas tektonik kuat akibat tumbukan lempeng Pulau Seram dengan Lempeng Benua Australia (Plate Collision) yang memicu pembentukan batuan intrusi di kedalaman sebagai sumber panas. Guna mengetahui informasi subsurface daerah penelitian, dilakukan survei magnetotelurik. Selanjutnya hasil dari data MT akan diintegrasikan data geologi dan geokimia. Pengolahan data MT dimulai dari time-series data hingga mendapatkan kurva resistivitas-frekuensi dan fase, lalu dilakukan filtering noise, rotasi arah strike dan koreksi static shift untuk mendapatkan kualitas kurva MT baik. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemodelan inversi 1D, 2D dan 3D. Temperatur reservoir diduga sekitar 160-180oC termasuk temperatur sedang. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan lapisan konduktif (<15 Ωm) dengan ketebalan ± 500-1000 m diindikasikan sebagai Clay Cap dari sistem panasbumi. Zona resistivitas tinggi (>300 Ωm) dan berbentuk updome, berada di bawah area kemunculan manifestasi (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4, dan MAP5) mengindikasikan heat source berada di utara kemudian menerus ke arah tenggara membentuk updome. Model konseptual terpadu sistem panasbumi dibentuk dari integrasi data geologi, geokimia, dan geofisika. Sistem panasbumi daerah penelitian merupakan hidrotermal heat sweep plate collision dengan temperatur sedang, luas area prospek dan rekomendasi titik pemboran diperkirakan ± 3 km2 di sekitar zona Upflow, potensi sumber daya hipotetik dengan metode volume lump parameter menggunakan binary cycle ± 34 MWe.

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ABSTRACTA study for delineating geothermal system of prospect area “P” has been done by using multi-dimensional modeling of magnetotelluric data. Physiographycally, geothermal prospect of “P” area is located at non-volcanic Banda inner arc hosted by Malihan Sekis rock complex with Perm-Trias age. The existance of geothermal system in this area is indicated by the presence of thermal manifestations in form of 6 chloride-bicarbonate hot springs with temperature in the the range of 37 – 67oC, and pH of 6-7. The development of geothermal system is most probably associated with strong tectonic activity caused by the collision between Seram island plate and Australian plate that ignite the occurence of intrussive body as heat source. In order to know the subsurface information of prospect area, magnetotelluric (MT) survey has been done. The processing of MT data was started from time-series data, continued by noise filtering, rotation of strike orientation and static shift correction to obtain better MT curve. The data were then being inversed by means of 1-Dimensional, 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional inversion methods. Reservoir temperature is estimated to be around 160-180 oC and classified as moderate temperature. The result of MT data inversions shows the presence of conductive layer (<15 Ωm) with 500 – 1000 m thickness that is interpreted as clay cap og geothermal system. High resistivity zone (>300 Ωm) with updome shape appears underneath the manifestations occurence (MAP1, MAP2, MAP4, and MAP5), indicating that the heat source is located in northern part and elongate to souteast direction. The conceptual model of geothermal system was built based on integrated interpretation of geological, geochemical and geophysical data. The prospect area and recommendation of drilling location is estimated to be ± 5 km2 around upflow zone. Potential hypothetical resource with volume lump parameters method using binary cycle ± 34 MWe., A study for delineating geothermal system of prospect area “P” has been done by using multi-dimensional modeling of magnetotelluric data. Physiographycally, geothermal prospect of “P” area is located at non-volcanic Banda inner arc hosted by Malihan Sekis rock complex with Perm-Trias age. The existance of geothermal system in this area is indicated by the presence of thermal manifestations in form of 6 chloride-bicarbonate hot springs with temperature in the the range of 37 – 67oC, and pH of 6-7. The development of geothermal system is most probably associated with strong tectonic activity caused by the collision between Seram island plate and Australian plate that ignite the occurence of intrussive body as heat source. In order to know the subsurface information of prospect area, magnetotelluric (MT) survey has been done. The processing of MT data was started from time-series data, continued by noise filtering, rotation of strike orientation and static shift correction to obtain better MT curve. The data were then being inversed by means of 1-Dimensional, 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional inversion methods. Reservoir temperature is estimated to be around 160-180 oC and classified as moderate temperature. The result of MT data inversions shows the presence of conductive layer (<15 Ωm) with 500 – 1000 m thickness that is interpreted as clay cap og geothermal system. High resistivity zone (>300 Ωm) with updome shape appears underneath the manifestations occurence (MAP1, MAP2, MAP4, and MAP5), indicating that the heat source is located in northern part and elongate to souteast direction. The conceptual model of geothermal system was built based on integrated interpretation of geological, geochemical and geophysical data. The prospect area and recommendation of drilling location is estimated to be ± 5 km2 around upflow zone. Potential hypothetical resource with volume lump parameters method using binary cycle ± 34 MWe.]"

"Lapangan Geotermal Salak merupakan lapangan geotermal terbesar di Indonesia dengan kapasitas terpasang sebesar 377 MW. Dari awal beroperasinya pada Februari 1994 sampai dengan Desember 2014 lapangan ini telah memproduksi 421.759.106,78 Ton uap. Dengan produksi sebesar itu, diperlukan manajemen reservoar yang baik untuk menjaga keberlangsungan produksi jangka panjang. Manajemen reservoar sangat penting dalam upaya mengatasi masalah yang terjadi akibat kegiatan produksi dan reinjeksi, oleh karena itu strategi reinjeksi sebaiknya memperhatikan karakteristik reservoar lapangan geotermal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode geofisika yaitu 3D MT, Microearthquake dan Microgravity dengan dukungan data sumur dan data produksi serta reinjeksi untuk memprediksi kondisi reservoar sebagai upaya mengantisipasi terjadinya penurunan tekanan reservoar yang berpotensi menurunkan produktifitas sumur produksi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi reinjeksi di Awi 9 memegang peranan penting sebagai heat and pressure support di sumur ? sumur produksi. Namun, terdapat indikasi kompaksi pada reservoar sejalan dengan peningkatan kapasitas produksi, hal ini diperkuat dengan terjadinya penurunan permukaan tanah dan peningkatan kejadian gempa mikro pada daerah resevoar dangkal, terjadi penurunan medan gravitasi pada reservoar produksi yang diidentifikasi berhubungan dengan penurunan tekanan reservoar. Hasil ini digunakan sebagai dasar usulan untuk mempertahankan eksistensi sumur - sumur reinjeksi di Awi 9 dan penempatan sumur reinjeksi brine di zona reservoar produksi.

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Salak Geothermal Field is the biggest geothermal field in Indonesia with 377 MW installed capacity. From its commersial operation in February to December 2015, this field has produced 421.759.106,78 Tonnes steam. With these huge production, good reservoir management are necessary to sustain long term production. Reservoir management becomes very important to overcome the problems caused by production and reinjection. Therefore, reinjection strategy should be implemented by considering reservoar characteristic in geothermal field.

This study are using geophysical methods, there are : 3D MT, Microearthquake and Microgravity combined to geological well data support, production and reinjection data to predict reservoir condition as an attempt to anticipate decreasing of reservoir pressure which potentially reduce production.

This study conclude that reinjection strategy in Awi 9 took important part as heat and pressure support to production wells. However, there are some indication of creep compaction in reservoir in line with production capacity escalation, this was supported by land subsidence and increasing of microearthquake event in the shallow part of reservoir, decreasing of gravitational field in production reservoir associated with reservoir pressure drops, this results are used as the basis for the proposals to maintain the existance of reinjection wells in Awi 9 and brine reinjection wells placement in the production reservoir zone."

"Dalam studi ini, penerapan metode analisis diagram polar impedansi dan splitting curve data magnetotellurik (MT) Lapangan Panas Bumi Wayang Windu bagian selatan adalah untuk mendeteksi struktur geologi bawah permukaan dan juga untuk mengetahui apakah metode ini dapat diterapkan pada area tersebut. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan membuat pemodelan forward terlebih dahulu sebagai acuan. Hasil dari pemodelan forward menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan resistivitas dua batuan atau lebih yang mengalami kontak akan menyebabkan split pada kurva MT dan distorsi pada bentuk diagram polar impedasi yang membentuk elongasi sejajar atau tegak lurus terhadap struktur (garis kontak). Struktur ini dikomparasi dengan data geologi, data hiposenter microearthquake, dan data sumur. Hasil komparasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat struktur hasil interpretasi data MT yang memiliki kecocokkan dengan struktur geologi dari data geologi dan sumur, dan beberapa struktur tidak memiliki kecocokkan atau hanya merupakan resistivity structure. Di sisi lain, metode ini dapat memprediksi arah dominan struktur geologi pada area penelitian.

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In this study, application of the impedance polar diagram and splitting curve analysis method on magnetotelluric (MT) data of southern Wayang Windu geothermal field are to detect subsurface geological structure and also to find out whether this method can be applied to this area. This analysis is done by making forward modelling as a reference.

The result of forward modelling shows that the difference in resistivity of two or more rocks in contact will cause a split on the MT curve and distortion in the shape of the impedance polar diagram forming parallel or perpendicular elongation to the structure (contact line). This structures are compared with geological data, microearthquake hypocenter data, and well data.

The comparation results show that four structures of MT data interpretation results have correlation with the geological structure of the geological and well data, and some structures do not have correlation or merely resistivity structures. On the other hand, this method can predict the dominant direction of geological structure in the research area."

"Pemahaman mengenai sebaran permeabilitas reservoir sangatlah penting dalam penentuan strategi dan pengembangan lapangan panas bumi Wayang Windu. Sebaran permeabilitas ini salah satunya dapat didekati dengan menganalisis gempa mikro yang biasa terdeteksi di lapangan panas bumi yang sedang berkembang. Gelombang-S gempa mikro yang merambat melalui suatu media anisotropi akan mengalami splitting menjadi Sfast yang memiliki kecepatan lebih besar dengan polarisasi sejajar rekahan dan Sslow yang tegak lurus rekahan. Dengan menganalisis kedua gelombang tersebut maka akan didapatkan informasi permeabilitas rekahan media yang dilewatinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai arah orientasi rekahan dan distribusi intensitas rekahan di lapangan panas bumi Wayang Windu. Arah orientasi rekahan akan sejajar dengan arah polarisasi Sfast, sedangkan intensitas rekahan proporsional dengan waktu tunda antara Sfast dan Sslow-nya. Metode rotation correlation digunakan untuk mendapatkan arah polarisasi Sfast () dan waktu tunda (dt) antara gelombang Sfast dan Sslow. Hasil dari metode ini kemudian diintegrasikan dengan data pendukung lainnya untuk mendapatkan interpretasi yang komprehensif mengenai distribusi permeabilitas di lapangan ini, sehingga dapat berkontribusi dalam proses conceptual model update dan mengurangi uncertainty pada saat well targeting. Arah dominan orientasi rekahan yang dihasilkan dari penelitian kali ini adalah WNE-ESE dan NE-SW, sedangkan daerah yang memiliki intensitas rekahan yang paling tinggi berada di bagian utara lapangan ini yang sampai saat ini merupakan daerah pemasok steam terbesar di lapangan panas bumi Wayang Windu.

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Understanding permeability distribution of the reservoir is necessary to guide strategic and future development of the Wayang Windu geothermal field. Its distribution can be derived by analyzing microearthquakes wave that used to occur in the development stage of geothermal field. A shear-wave that propagating through the anisotropic medium will split into two waves, i.e. Sfast that has faster velocity and its polarization direction parallels with predominant orientation of crack anisotropy, and Sslow which is orthogonal to Sfast. Analyzing both waves, we can acquire the information of crack permeability of the medium in which both waves passed through. This study aim is to understand dominant cracks orientation and crack density distribution at Wayang Windu geothermal field. The strike of predominant cracks will parallel to polarization direction of Sfast, whilst crack density proportional to the time delay between Sfast and Sslow. Rotation correlation method is used to extract information of polarization direction () and delay time (dt) between the fast and the slow waves. The result was analyzed and discussed together with additional supporting data to have a comprehensive interpretation of permeability distribution of the field, thus it will help during conceptual model update and well targeting process. Dominant cracks orientation derived from the study is WNE-ESE and NE-SW, while most fractured area is located in the northern part of this field, where most of the steam supplied coming from."

"Daerah penelitian AA merupakan area potensi panasbumi yang cukup prospek dan memiliki manifestasi berupa Fumarol yang memiliki temperatur 90 oC dan beberapa mata air panas yang memiliki temperatur permukaan antara 30-60 oC. Ditinjau dari informasi geologi, area ini memiliki basement batuan tersier yang ditutupi oleh produk lava andesit dan tufaan jaman kuarter. Bentukan geologi yang muncul pada area ini berupa kaldera dan beberapa struktur utama berarah NE-SW sebagai pengontrol aliran fluida menuju manifestasi. Sedangkan, struktur lokal yang membatasi area prospek dapat diidentifikasi oleh beberapa atribut dari metode Geofisika Magnetotellurik dan Gravitasi. Atribut metode Magnetotellurik dapat menghasilkan informasi terkait orientasi dominan struktur serta keberadaan zona konduktif, sedangkan atribut metode Gravitasi digunakan untuk mengetahui jenis struktur dan batas kontak dari zona regional dan residual struktur sebagai benda anomali. Dari hasil atribut dan pemodelan kedua metode tersebut beserta data pendukung geokimia, bahwa zona prospek terletak diantara kemunculan manifestasi fumarol di gunung Ambang dengan luasan prospek sebesar 11 km2 dan prediksi temperatur reservoir 260 0C. Area prospek tersebut menjadi rekomendasi sebagai lokasi exploration drilling selanjutnya dengan well output yang tinggi.

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AA research area is a potential and prospect geothermal region. There are some manifestation, fumarol 90 0C and some cool hot springs that has an ambient temperature 30 60 0C. Based on geological information, there is dominantly tertiary sediment basement which are covered by andesite lava products and quartery tufaan. There are caldera and some major structure oriented NNE SSW as geological surface product and controlling some surface manifestations. Whereas, local structure which is located between major structure can be identified by several attributes of Magnetotellurik and Gravity methods. Magnetotelluric attributes can provide about structure orientation and conductive zone relocation while Gravity attributes can also answering about surface Geology structure distribution based on regional residual anomaly. Accordingly, based on integrative analysis and interpretation, prospect area is constrained between the appearance of fumarol and major structure in Ambang mount, which is covered 11km2 and prediction reservoir temperature 260 0C. It rsquo s very useful as a recomendation for the next exploration drilling location with high output well."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian guna mendelineasi zona reservoir daerah prospek geothermal "I" berdasarkan data audio magnetotellurik dan gravity, yang dipadu dengan data geologi dan geokimia. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada analisa zona reservoir menggunakan data geofisika audiomagnetotelurik dan gravity. Analisa geologi menggunakan metode remote sensing untuk memetakan struktur di permukaaan. Analisis geokimia digunakan untuk mengistimasi temperatur reservoir, jalannya fluida, dan karakteristik fluida pada sistem geothermal.Berdasarkan analisis remote sensing menggunakan ASTER DEM dan Landsat 8 dilakukan penarikan lineament secara pengamatan manual maka diketahui bahwa arah utama dari kelurusan yang berkembang di daerah prospek geothermal "I" adalah Barat Laut ndash; Tenggara 135 degrees. Kelurusan ini berkorelasi dengan kemunculan manifestasi mata air panas. Analisis data geokimia menunjukkan bahwa manifestasi manifestasi yang muncul di KMP-1, KMP-2, KMP-3, KMP-4,KMP-5, dan KP-2 memiliki pH netral. Geotermometer liquid menunjukan temperatur reservoar sekitar 180 C.Analisis data geofisika menggunakan 31 data titik ukur audio magnetotellurik dan 198 titik ukur gravitasi. Berdasarkan inversi 3D data AMT dan forward modelling gravitasi terdapat lapisan penudung cap rock dengan nilai resistivitas rendah le; 20 ?m dan densitas 2.2 gr/cc. Batuan cap rock sudah terlihat mulai dari permukaan dan menebal ke arah manifestasi mata air panas KH dan KM dengan kedalaman sekitar 500 meter dengan ketebalan 500 meter hingga 1000 meter. Di bawah batuan cap rock terdapat batuan reservoir dengan nilai resistivitas sedang >20 s.d 65 ?m dan densitas 2,67 gr/cc. Batuan ini diinterpretasikan sebagai respon dari Jatiluhur shale. Lapisan heat source berada di bawah reservoir dengan nilai resistivitas >100 ?m. Top of Reservoir TOR diperkirakan berada pada kedalaman 800 m dari permukaan yang teridentifikasi pada elevasi 0 meter. Luas zona prospek sebesar 0.5 km2 yang berada tepat di bawah Gunung "I".

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The research had been conducted to delineate reservoir zone in geothermal prospect area ldquo I rdquo based on audio magnetotelluric and gravity data supported by geology and geochemistry data. This research used audiomagnetotelluric and gravity method to analize reservoir zone. Geology analisys using remote sensing method are used to map the structure on the surface. Geochemical analysis are used to estimate reservoir temperature, fluid flow, fluid chraracteristic fluid in the geothermal system.Based on the remote sensing analysis by using ASTER DEM and Landsat 8 map in manual observation, the main direction of lineament developed in area ldquo I rdquo is West North ndash East South 135 degrees. This lineament is corelated to the appearance of hot springs. The geochemical data analysis shows that hot spring manifestation is the outflow type manifestation which appear in KMP 1,KMP 2, KMP 3, KMP 4, KMP 5, and KP 2 have neutral pH. Liquid geothermometer shows that the reservoir temperature is about 180 C.The analysis of geophysics data uses 31 audio magnetotelluric stations and 198 gravity stations.

Based on 3D AMT data inversion and gravity forward modelling, there is cap rock layer with low resistivity le 20 m and density 2.2 gr cc. The Cap rock layer finds in the surface and thickened toward hotspring KH and KM manifestation with depth about 500 meters with thickness 500 meters up to 1000 meters. Under cap rock layer, there is reservoir rock layer with medium resistivity 20 s.d 65 m and density 2,67 gr cc. This rock is interpreted as the response from Jatiluhur shale. Heat source layer is located underneath reservoir rock layer with resistivity value 100 m. Top of Reservoir TOR is estimated in depth of 800 m from the surface and identified at elevation 0 meter. The prospect area is about 0.5 km2 which located below ldquo I rdquo Mountain."