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"Sebagian penderita tekanan darah tinggi di Indonesia menggunakan pengobatan tradisional di samping obat-obatan antihipertensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beberapa pengobatan tradisonal seperti buah pace, belimbing, bawang putih, atau jamu, yang dipercaya dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada hipertensi stage 1 dan 2. Data diperoleh dari hasil survai lapangan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa tingkat 2 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia tahun 2001, 2002, 2003 di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara random dari klaster rukun tetangga. Wawancara dan pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan di rumah subjek oleh mahasiswa yang terlatih di bawah pengawasan staf pengajar. Terdapat 496 subjek dengan hipertensi stage 1 dan 2 dan sebanyak 11,5% menggunakan obat-obatan antihipertensi. Subjek hipertensi stage 2 yang minum obat antihipertensi 5,4 kali lipat jika dibandingkan dengan subjek hipertensi stage 1 (rasio odds suaian 5,44; 95% interval kepercayaan = 2,64 ? 11,27). Pengobatan tradisional yang dilakukan oleh subjek hipertensi terutama ketimun, belimbing, dan buah pace. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan kebiasaan yang kuat memakai obat tradisional dalam masyarakat, terbatasnya fasilitas kesehatan, dan harga obat antihipertensi yang mahal. Disimpulkan bahwa di daerah pedesaan, para penderita hipertensi melakukan pengobatan gabungan obat antihipertensi dengan obat-obat tradisional. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 246-51)

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Some hypertensive subjects in Indonesia consume traditional herbal medicines in addition to the usual pharmacological drugs. This paper studied the relationship between several traditional herbal medicines, such as morinda, star fruit, garlic, or jamu, believed to control hypertension and the risk of current pharmacological antihypertensive drug users in subjects with stage 1 and 2 hypertension in a rural community West Java, Indonesia. The data were obtained from 3 field studies by the second year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 in a subdistrict of the Bogor regency. The subjects were selected randomly from neighborhood clusters. Interviews and blood pressure measurements were conducted at the houses of the subjects by specially trained second year medical students supervised by faculty members. There were 496 subjects with stage 1 or 2 hypertension, with 11.5% under current antihypertensive drugs. Compared with the hypertension stage 1 subjects, hypertension stage 2 subjects were 5.4 times more likely to be currently taking pharmacological antihypertensive medication (adjusted odds ratio = 5.44; 95% confidence interval = 2.64-11.27). The combined of current antihypertensive medication with traditional medicines were cucumber which being the most dominant followed by star fruit and morinda. Reasons for this were probably the strong influence of culture, the limited medical facilities, and high cost of the antihypertensive drugs. It was concluded that in a rural Indonesia, it was common for hypertensive subjects to take pharmacological drugs as well as traditional medicine for antihypertensive therapy. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 246-51)"

"Latihan fisik berpengaruh terhadap plastisitas sinaps yaitu dalam interaksi neuron-glia. Astrosit adalah sel glia yang paling berperan dalam plastisitas sinaps. Penelitian ini menggunakan kadar glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) dan heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) plasma sebagai parameter aktivitas astrosit yang diinduksi latihan fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan durasi latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang (10 menit vs 30 menit) terhadap kadar GFAP dan HSP27 plasma pada orang dewasa muda sehat. Penelitian eksperimental ini mengunakan desain kontrol diri sendiri. Mahasiswa kedokteran usia dewasa muda (n=22) dibagi dalam dua kelompok perlakuan, kelompok pertama mengunakan perlakuan sepeda statis intensitas sedang dengan durasi 10 menit dan kelompok yang lain mengunakan perlakuan sepeda statis intensitas sedang dengan durasi 30 menit. Uji sepeda statis dilakukan selama 1 hari. Sebelum dan sesudah uji sepeda statis dilakukan pengambilan darah. Kadar GFAP dan HSP27 plasma diukur dengan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Kadar GFAP plasma menurun bermakna pada kelompok yang mendapat latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang durasi 30 menit (p<0,05). Kadar HSP27 plasma menurun bermakna pada kelompok yang mendapat latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang durasi 10 menit (p<0,05). Kadar GFAP dan HSP27 plasma antara kelompok latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang durasi 10 menit dan 30 menit tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05). Penelitian ini menunjukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang menginduksi perubahan yang bermakna pada marker aktivitas astrosit. Kadar GFAP plasma menurun bermakna pada durasi 30 menit sedangkan konsentrasi HSP27 menurun bermakna pada durasi 10 menit. Namun, durasi latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kadar dua parameter aktivitas astrosit yaitu GFAP dan HSP27 plasma. Meskipun kadar GFAP plasma menurun pada durasi latihan fisik yang berbeda, perbandingan antara kadar GFAP plasma sesudah durasi 10 menit dan 30 menit tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna. Hasil yang sama juga ditemukan pada HSP27. Penelitian ini adalah yang pertama kali menunjukan penurunan kadar GFAP plasma sesudah latihan fisik durasi 30 menit dan kadar HSP27 plasma sesudah latihan fisik durasi 10 menit.

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Physical exercise effects on synapses plasticity that in neuron-glia interactions. Astrocytes are the most responsible glial cells in synapse plasticity. This study uses the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) plasma concentrations as exercise-induced astrocyte activity parameter. The aim of this study was comparison between two duration of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (10 minutes vs 30 minutes) on GFAP and HSP27 plasma concentration in healthy young adults.

This experimental study was before and after study design. Healthy young adult medical students (n = 22) were divided into two treatment groups, the first group was using stationary bikes exercise in moderate-intensity activity for 10 minutes duration and the other group was using stationary bikes exercise in moderate-intensity activity for 30 minutes duration. Static bike test was performed in the same day. Blood sampling was performed before and after static bike test. GFAP and HSP27 plasma levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). GFAP plasma concentration decreased significantly in the 30 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic exercise duration (p<0.05). HSP27 plasma concentration decreased significantly in the 10 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (p<0.05). There was no significant differences in GFAP and HSP27 plasma concentration between 10 minutes and 30 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic exercise(p>0.05).

Our result showed moderate-intensity aerobic exercise induced significant changes in astrocytes activity parameter. 30 minutes duration significantly lowered GFAP plasma concentration while 10 minutes duration significantly lowered HSP27 plasma concentration. However, duration of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise did not alter significantly plasma concentration of the two astrocyte activity parameter: GFAP and HSP27. Despite the lowered GFAP plasma concentration in different exercise duration, comparison between GFAP plasma concentration after 10 minutes and 30 minutes duration showed no significant differences. The same result also found in HSP27. This is the first result that showed a decrease in GFAP plasma concentration after 30 minutes exercise and HSP27 plasma concentration after 10 minutes."

"Olahraga aerobik terbukti mampu meningkatkan struktur dan fungsi kognitif. Data tentang jenis olahraga aerobik yang terbaik untuk menjaga keseimbangan oksidatif, serta memicu angiogenesis dan neuroplastisitas di berbagai regio otak masih terbatas. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh olahraga aerobik halang rintang terhadap kadar neuroglobin otak, protein pemicu angiogenesis, neuroplastisitas di hipokampus dan korteks prefrontal, serta fungsi memori relasional. Mencit Mus musculus CBS-Swiss strain jantan berusia 10 bulan dilatih berlari di roda berjalan yang diberi halang rintang, berlari dengan kecepatan 10 m/menit, 30 menit/hari, 5 hari/minggu sambil melewati halang rintang untuk setiap 78 cm. Tiga jenis halang rintang diganti setiap 3 hari. Kelompok pembanding adalah mencit yang berlari dengan kecepatan dan waktu yang sama, namun tanpa halang rintang, serta kelompok kontrol yang tidak berolahraga. Kadar neuroglobin otak tidak berbeda bermakna pada tiga kelompok mencit. Latihan lari halang rintang memberikan efek lebih baik dibanding lari tanpa halang rintang pada kadar developmentally regulated brain protein-A (drebrin-A) di hipokampus. Kedua kelompok olahraga memiliki efek yang lebih baik dibanding kontrol pada ekspresi vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), kadar drebrin-A, dan paired associative cognitive test. Olahraga aerobik kompleks memicu neuroplastisitas yang lebih baik dibanding aerobik sederhana di hipokampus. Kedua tipe olahraga aerobik mampu meningkatkan angiogenesis dan neuroplastisitas di otak, dan meningkatkan kemampuan memori relasional. Olahraga aerobik tidak meningkatkan kadar neuroglobin secara bermakna. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa intensitas olahraga aerobik memberikan efek hipoksia yang dapat ditoleransi oleh jaringan otak.

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Aerobic exercise has been proven to improve of cognitive structure and function. Study about the type of aerobic exercise affects on angiogenesis, neuroplasticity and oxidative homeostasis in brain?s specific regions is still limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of hurdle aerobic exercise on brain neuroglobin level, angiogenesis and neuroplasticity proteins in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and relational memory among middle aged CBS-Swiss strain mice. Mice, age 10 months were subjected to hurdle running wheel for 8 weeks. They ran at speed of 10 m/min, 30 min/day, and 5 days/week with hurdles for every 78 cm. Three types of hurdles were changed for every 3 days. Another group of same age mice ran at same speed, time, and period, without hurdle as comparison, while other control group never exercises. The hurdle group exercise has significant higher level of developmentally regulated brain protein-A (drebrin- A) in hippocampus compared to non-hurdle group. Both of exercise groups have significant higher ability on paired associative cognitive test, and they have significant higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and higher level of drebrin-A compared to control. Neuroglobin level was not significant different among of all groups. More complex aerobic exercise has better effect on hippocampus neuroplasticity. Both of aerobic exercise has better effect on angiogenesis and neuroplasticity in the brain, and also on cognitive function. Aerobic exercise does not resulting high hypoxic stress and could be tolerated by brain."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas gambaran cedera pada cabang olahraga atletik dan hubungannya dengan faktor risiko atlet. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dan dilakukan pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional ke XIX di Stadion Pakansari Cibinong Indonesia. Insiden cedera dalam cabang olahraga atletik sebesar 97.5/1000 atlet dengan cedera yang terbanyak bersifat eksaserbasi akut, jenis strain, lokasi tersering tungkai atas dan derajat cedera ringan. Insiden ini lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kejuaraan atletik di dunia. Faktor-faktor risiko yang mungkin berhubungan dengan terjadinya cedera adalah usia 21 ndash; 25 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, jenis nomor pertandingan lari jarak 100 m, marathon dan hanya mengikuti 1 nomor saja.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is to acquire description of athletic sports injuries and its relation to athlete risk factors. This research used cross sectional method and conducted at Pekan Olahraga Nasional XIX at Pakansari Cibinong Stadium Indonesia. The incidence of injuries in athletic sports is 97.5 1000 athletes with the most acute exacerbation injuries, strain type, the most common location of the upper limb and the degree of minor injury. This incident is lower than the athletic championship in the world. Risk factors that may be associated with the occurrence of injuries are 21 25 years of age, male sex, type of matches like running distance 100 m, marathon and participate in 1 event only."