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"Structure of Malay Riau language"

"Senyawa kromium banyak digunakan dalam industri modern. Senyawa tersebut banyak dibuang begitu saja ke lingkungan sekitar. Teknologi membrane lebih efisien dan efektif dari pada metode konvensional untuk pengolahan limbah. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuat membran yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pemisahan Cr(VI). Membran dibuat dari kitosan dan silika sekam padi. Variasi kitosan dan silika sekam padi yang digunakan (g) adalah 2:1 (A1), 2:2 (A2), 3:1 (B1), dan 3:2 (B2). Membran dibuat dengan menggunakan teknik inversa fasa. Dari hasil karakterisasi SEM diketahui bahwa membran B2 mempunyai pori yang paling besar yaitu 2,58μm. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya ikatan silang antara kitosan dengan silika sekam padi dengan munculnya pita serapan Si-O pada bilangan gelombang 1122-980/cm. Membran A1 dengan ukuran pori paling kecil mempunyai nilai rejeksi terhadap Cr(VI) paling besar yaitu 70%. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa membran komposit-silika sekam padi cukup efektif untuk menyerap logam Cr(VI) dengan kapasitas adsorpsi rata-rata adalah 1665.85 mg/g.

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Chromium compounds are widely used in modern industry. Many of these compounds are dumped into the surrounding environment. Membrane technology is more efficient and effective than conventional methods for waste treatment. The research objective is to make a membrane separation proce ss that can be applied to Cr(VI). Membranes are made from chitosan and silica rice husks. Variations of chitosan and silica rice husk used (g) are 2:1 (A1), 2:2 (A2), 3:1 (B1), and 3:2 (B2). The membrane is made by using an inverted phase technique. Results of SEM characterization of membranes show that B2 has the largest pores at 2.58 μ m. The FTIR characterization results indicate the presence of crosslinking between chitosan with silica rice husk with the appearance of Si-O adsorption band at wavelength 1122-980/cm. A1 membrane, with the smallest pore size has the greatest rejection value towards Cr(VI) which is 70%. Research shows that the composite membrane of silica rice husk is effective enough to adsorb metal Cr(VI) with an average adsorption capacity of 1665.85 mg/g. "

"ABSTRAKFood provider at university is one of places that needs to implement standards of food hygiene and sanitation (FHS). This study aimed to evaluate and analyze practices of food hygiene and sanitation based on Decree of Health Minister No. 1098 of 2003 and best practices in six food providers at University X. This study used mixed method evaluation with sequential explanatory design through two stages. Stage I was in the forms of assessment on six food providers, food handlers and laboratory examination on food and beverage samples as well as on eating utensils. Stage II was in the form of focus group discussion (FGD) to deepen findings at stage I. The results of this study showed that 100 of food providers had not yet met the governments regulation. As much as 67 of eating utensils and 83 of food were contaminated with bacteria. Based on food handler examination results, 100 of food handlers were not yet to get medical checkups and training. FGD results indicated that findings at stage I were associated with a lack of knowledge among food handlers and the absence of special unit to oversee food hygiene and sanitation at campus. In conclusion, six food providers in the study area have not met the regulation."