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"ABSTRAKSebagai area frontier, cekungan Selatan Jawa masih diyakini memiliki potensi hidrokarbon. Namun berdasarkan kegiatan eksplorasi yang ada sebelumnya, belum ada bukti yang menujukkan kemampuan cekungan ini untuk memproduksi dan memerangkap hidrokarbon. Tesis ini membahas mengenai metode AVO yang diaplikasikan pada beberapa target yang diprediksi sebagai daerah yang mempunyai prospek hidrokarbon.Telah dilakukan analisis AVO terhadap 9 lintasan data seismik 2D di area frontier cekungan Selatan Jawa dengan spasi antar lintasan 40 km. Atribut AVO berupa intercept dan gradient dihitung menggunakan data pre stack dan stacking velocity untuk membuat penampang atribut AVO yaitu product A B dan A B. Sementara itu kecepatan gelombang S dihitung dari persamaan Castagna untuk menurunkan atribut AVO yang lain yaitu Rp, Rs untuk membuat penampang Rp-Rs serta fluid factor pada seluruh lintasan seismik. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap penampang atribut AVO, terdapat beberapa daerah yang diduga mempunyai prospek hidrokarbon yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai nilai positif dari product A B dan atribut yang lain, dugaan ini semakin diperkuat karena lokasi anomali konsisten dengan struktur dan stratigrafi yang dapat dikenali dari data seismik.Berdasarkan hasil analisis AVO ini, masih terlalu dini untuk memberikan kesimpulan bahwa Cekungan Selatan Jawa mempunyai prospek hidrokarbon yang menjanjikan, mengingat adanya beberapa batasan karena faktor keterbatasan data yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu masih memiliki resiko keekonomian yang besar di dalam eksplorasi di Cekungan Selatan Jawa karena berdasarkan analisis, belum ditemukan suatu struktur yang cukup besar dengan anomaly AVO, mengingat kedalaman air rata-rata lebih dari 3.500 meter. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa eksplorasi lebih lanjut untuk daerah ini masih diperlukan untuk membuktikan potensi hidrokarbon pada daerah penelitian.

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ABSTRACTAs a frontier area, South Java Basin is believed to have hydrocarbon potential. However, based on pre existing exploration activities, there is no evidence that shows the ability of the basin to produce and trap hydrocarbons. This thesis discusses the AVO method applied to several targets that were predicted as regions with hydrocarbon prospects.AVO analysis has been carried out on 9 2D seismic lines data in the frontier area South Java basin which have 40 km in spacing. AVO attributes such as intercept and gradient were calculated using pre stack and stacking velocity data to create AVO attributes sections product A B and A B. While the S wave velocity is calculated from Castagna equation to produce another AVO Rp, Rs attributes to make Rp Rs sections as well as fluid factor sections. Based on cross sectional analysis of AVO attributes, there are some areas that have allegedly shown hydrocarbon prospects of positive attributes, this conjecture is strengthened because it is consistent with the structure and stratigraphy that can be identified from seismic data.Based on the AVO analysis, it is still too early to give the conclusion that the South Java Basin has the promising hydrocarbons, given some constraints because of the limited data used in the study. In addition there are still major economic risks in the exploration of South Java Basin, because based on the analysis, yet to be found a structure which quite large with AVO anomaly, considering that the depth of water column is in average of more than 3,500 meters.The results suggest that further exploration of this area is still needed to prove the potential of hydrocarbons in the study area."

"Inversi Seismik merupakan metoda untuk mendapatkan gambaran model geologi bawah permukaan dengan menggunakan data seismik sebagai data input utama dan data sumur sebagai kontrolnya. Hasil yang didapat dari metoda inversi adalah informasi yang terkandung di dalam lapisan batuan berupa impedansi (akustik atau elastik). Hasilnya berkorelasi secara kuantitatif terhadap parameter fisik pada reservoir yang terukur pada sumur, salah satunya adalah porositas. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penulis akan melakukan contoh pemodelan inversi AI pada reservoar di Lapangan IWR, sedangkan tujuannya adalah untuk mengestimasi porositas reservoar di daerah interest melalui pendekatan inversi seismik AI tersebut. Diharapkan nantinya dapat menentukan usulan sumur pemboran beserta justifikasinya dan memungkinkan untuk di eksplorasi lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian yang diharapkan dari studi ini adalah bahwa penulis mampu mengintegrasikan data porositas dari beberapa sumur yang ada terhadap data seismik atribut dengan pemodelan inversi AI.

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Seismic Inversion is a method to gain a subsurface geological model with seismic data as a main input and well log data as a controller. The result of this method is a brief description about lithological impedance (acoustic or elastic). This informations are quantitatively correlable with another physical parameter on reservoar, e.g. porosity.

The aims of this study is doing a seismic inversion AI modelling on Field IWR, and the goal is estimating the reservoir porosity at the interest zone with previous inversion result.

Finally we can propose some wells with its justifications and able for further explorations. Expectation of the study is author able to integrate the porosity data of many wells into seismic attribute data with seismic inversions AI, which it can be useful for estimating reservoir porosity at other zone."

"[ABSTRAKArea penelitian merupakan struktur pengembangan pada bagian timur struktur ?Sulis?dengan luas area sekitar 3 km2 dan merupakan kompartemenisasi batupasir. Perbedaan batas minyak air pada sumur-sumur existing mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan facies dan lingkungan pengendapan dari batu pasir. Terbatasnya jumlah sumur produksi serta data geologi pada area penelitian ini yang dapat memperkirakan penyebaran hidrokarbon secara lateral dan perubahan facies batupasir dapat menyebabkan suatu potensi kegagalan dalam memperoleh kandungan hidrokarbon pada pemboran sumur-sumur pengembangan di struktur ?Sulis? ini.Tesis ini membahas metode analisa untuk dapat memperkirakan zona penyebaran hidrokarbon serta perkiraan jenis kandungannya. Perkiraan dari sebaran zona hidrokarbon adalah berdasarkan analisa dari kontras perubahan nilai poisson?s ratio yang tinggi serta adanya respon anomali seismik pada area penelitian. Nilai poisson?s ratio pada kisaran 0.1-0.2 diperkirakan merupakan jenis kandungan gas dan kisaran 0.2 ? 0.3 merupakan jenis kandungan minyak.Data-data yang digunakan berupa data seismik 3D prestack gather dari struktur ?Sulis?, log sonic dan log density sumur acuan X-63 dan diproses menggunakan software Hampson Russell. Analisa AVO ini dilakukan dengan metode forward modelling yang meliputi poses Fluid Replacement Modelling, perhitungan perubahan nilai skala poisson?s ratio serta analisa Amplitude Versus Offset.Hasil analisis yang berupa peta perubahan nilai poisson?s ratio serta respon seismik berupa anomaly amplitude telah dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi zona penyebaran hidrokarbon pada area penelitian di struktur ?Sulis?.

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ABSTRACTThe area of study is development structure at the east of ?Sulis?structure with 3km2 of wide. This area consist of sandstone compartement with variation of deposition environment. The diference of oil water contact at the existing wells were indicated different of sandstone facies and deposition environment. The limitation of production wells and geology data to estimate lateral hydrocarbon distribution and sandstone facies in this area will be a failure risk potential in drilling wells development at?Sulis?structure.The topic of this thesis is discussed about the methode analysis to predict about the distribution and type of hydrocarbon. The estimation of hydrocarbon distribution zone is base on high contrast of poisson?s ratio changed and seismic anomali respons in the area study. The value of Poisson?s ratio in the range 0.1 ? 0.2 is estimated of gas type and in range 0.2 ? 0.3 is estimated of oil type.3D seismic prestack gather of?Sulis?structure, sonic and density log of existing X- 63 well was used in processing analysis with Hampson Russell software. The AVO analysis is include forward modelling methode, fluid replacement modelling, scaled poisson?s ratio changed and amplitude versus offset.The analysis result of scaled poisson?s ratio changed and amplitude anomalies respons has identified the distribution zones and type of hydrocarbon in area study of ?Sulis? structure.;The area of study is development structure at the east of ?Sulis?structure with 3km2 of wide. This area consist of sandstone compartement with variation of deposition environment. The diference of oil water contact at the existing wells were indicated different of sandstone facies and deposition environment. The limitation of production wells and geology data to estimate lateral hydrocarbon distribution and sandstone facies in this area will be a failure risk potential in drilling wells development at?Sulis?structure.The topic of this thesis is discussed about the methode analysis to predict about the distribution and type of hydrocarbon. The estimation of hydrocarbon distribution zone is base on high contrast of poisson?s ratio changed and seismic anomali respons in the area study. The value of Poisson?s ratio in the range 0.1 ? 0.2 is estimated of gas type and in range 0.2 ? 0.3 is estimated of oil type.3D seismic prestack gather of?Sulis?structure, sonic and density log of existing X- 63 well was used in processing analysis with Hampson Russell software. The AVO analysis is include forward modelling methode, fluid replacement modelling, scaled poisson?s ratio changed and amplitude versus offset.The analysis result of scaled poisson?s ratio changed and amplitude anomalies respons has identified the distribution zones and type of hydrocarbon in area study of ?Sulis? structure., The area of study is development structure at the east of ?Sulis?structure with 3km2 of wide. This area consist of sandstone compartement with variation of deposition environment. The diference of oil water contact at the existing wells were indicated different of sandstone facies and deposition environment. The limitation of production wells and geology data to estimate lateral hydrocarbon distribution and sandstone facies in this area will be a failure risk potential in drilling wells development at?Sulis?structure.The topic of this thesis is discussed about the methode analysis to predict about the distribution and type of hydrocarbon. The estimation of hydrocarbon distribution zone is base on high contrast of poisson?s ratio changed and seismic anomali respons in the area study. The value of Poisson?s ratio in the range 0.1 ? 0.2 is estimated of gas type and in range 0.2 ? 0.3 is estimated of oil type.3D seismic prestack gather of?Sulis?structure, sonic and density log of existing X- 63 well was used in processing analysis with Hampson Russell software. The AVO analysis is include forward modelling methode, fluid replacement modelling, scaled poisson?s ratio changed and amplitude versus offset.The analysis result of scaled poisson?s ratio changed and amplitude anomalies respons has identified the distribution zones and type of hydrocarbon in area study of ?Sulis? structure.]"

"ABSTRACTTo define reservoir potential or to have a better understanding of reservoircharacterization become the most important part to get many subsurface information.It will be very useful to analyze and prospect new candidates. Reservoircharacterization combined with the formation evaluation data between vertical andhorizontal dimensions will produce a geologic model, which is used as an input forreservoir simulation.The objectives of this research is to develop a reservoir model within the producinginterval of interest defined as horizons ?E? where it plays as a main oil target. It is apart of the Salemba Field, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan.A geostatistical method used for the study was stochastic since the data setavailability is good. But to have better self confidence, a glance of deterministicmethod was applied to see how the differences. There are three kind of stochasticmethod will try for facies modeling, there are: Object-base Modeling, FaciesTransition and Sequential Indicator Simulation. Each method was varied usingexponential types of variogram, which is considered as the best match use in MutiaraField.By using the existing software, it resulted more than 10 good scenarios andrealizations of geological model generated for this study. Also the criterion of themain ranking will use the OOIP and OGIP. The result also was calibrated withcurrent condition, cumulative production and recovery factor to see the remainingreserves."

"ABSTRACTBatumerah area is located in the Aru Basin, offshore South Papua. One well hasalready been drilled in this area and gave inconclusive gas discovery. The wellindicates that there may have good potential reservoir zone, but no definiteinformation was gathered from the well to confirm the statement. Acomprehensive evaluation like reservoir characterization study by integrating welldata, seismic data and geological interpretation is required to resolve thisuncertainty and predict the hydrocarbon potential of the Batumerah area. Due tolimited well data, the most applicable reservoir characterization study inBatumerah Area is Seismic Simultaneous Inversion. Simultaneous inversion is arelatively new and extremely powerful form of inversion. The detailed techniqueessentially takes several seismic angle stacks and inverts them simultaneously.The result is two primary volumes of absolute rock properties tightly calibrated tothe well log data: P-Impedance and S-Impedance. Additional outputs include:Vp/Vs, porosity and Lambda Rho volumes. Having these extra datasets take theexplorationist into a new world of possibilities. The application of a simultaneousinversion algorithm to the seismic angle stacks in Batumerah area hasdemonstrated the ability to minimize uncertainty and addressing some issuesregarding the lithology and reservoir properties due to data limitation.Even though most of well log data are derived from model and only one wellexists on the inversion area, nevertheless, the simultaneous inversion results thatare interpretative results provide best estimation and prediction for reservoircharacterization on the Batumerah area."

"Lapangan XYZ adalah lapangan gas yang berada di Selat Makasar Kalimantan Timur. Lapangan ini terletak di bagian timur dari laut dalam Delta Mahakam dan kedalaman rata-rata air laut di daerah ini kurang lebih 6000 feet. Reservoir di lapangan ini dipercaya sebagai endapan turbidite laut dalam, dan dikenal sebagai "deep water channelized system" yang berumur antara Pliosen bawah - Miosen Atas. Oleh karena itu reservoir di daerah ini memiliki kuantitas dan kualitas yang sangat bervariasi.Dalam penelitian ini dipilih metoda dekomposisi spektral yang hasilnya diharapkan akan dapat digunakan dalam mendeliniasi, dan analisa facies reservoir dengan pendekatan model yang telah ada sebelumnya dan telah dilakukan oleh Slatt 2006. Sementara ekstraksi atribut RMS dilakukan untuk melihat distribusi kandidat reservoir sekaligus menjadi pembanding dan pendukung informasi yang didapat dari metoda dekomposisi spektral.Hasil penelitian ini pada akhirnya akan sangat berguna bagi perhitungan cadangan rinci, yang akan sangat tergantung pada geometri dan kualitas reservoir. Selain itu juga akan berguna bagi perencanaan produksi pada fase eksploitasi.Dari hasil penelitian ini , didapatkan tiga facies reservoir dan hubungan korelasi yang kuat antara metode dekomposisi spektral dengan ekstraksi atribut RMS tersebut. Dengan ektraksi atribut RMS dapat dilihat distribusi reservoir secara umum berdasarkan tingginya nilai atribut RMS. Sementara untuk deliniasi reservoir secara lebih rinci diperoleh dari hasil analisis dekomposisi spektral. Universitas Indonesia.

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The XYZ Field is one of the gas fields located in Makasar Strait-East Kalimantan. It lies in the Eastern part of deepwater Mahakam Delta. The average water depth in the area is about 6000 feet. The reservoir of this field is believed to be the product of deepwater turbidite sedimentation as "deep water channelized system" of Lower Pliocene to Upper Miocene in age. As a consequence reservoir of this area has great variations in quality and quantity.

In this research the spectral decomposition method was chosen and expected to be used in reservoir deliniation and facies analysis based on previous model approaches Slatt, 2006. While RMS attribute extraction carried out in order to analyze the distribution of reservoir candidate as well as the benchmark and supporting information for the spectral decomposition method.

The result of this study will be very important for detail reserved calculations, which will be very rely on to the reservoir geometry and quality. Moreover it will be very useful for the production planning at the exploitation phase.

From this study, it is concluded there are 3 (three) main facies of reservoir in the area, and there is a strong correlation between result of spectral decomposition and RMS attribute. From the RMS attribute extraction, the author found a general reservoir distribution based on the height of RMS value. Meanwhile for more detail reservoir deliniation, it has been achieved from the spectral decomposition analysis."