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"Latar belakang: Gagal jantung dekompensasi akut (GJDA) termasuk penyakit kardiovaskular dengan mortalitas serta tingkat readmisi yang tinggi. Resistensi insulin saat ini merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menjadi prediktor terhadap prognosis pasien GJDA. Indeks trigliserida glukosa (ITG) telah dilaporkan sebagai salah satu prediktor risiko kardiovaskular dan petanda resistensi insulin yang sederhana. Namun, hubungan ITG terhadap kejadian readmisi 30-hari dan kematian dalam 6 bulan pascarawat pasien GJDA masih belum diteliti.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan ITG dengan kejadian readmisi 30-hari dan kematian dalam 6 bulan pascarawat pasien GJDA yang dirawat pertama kali.Metode: Studi dilakukan dengan desain kohort retrospektif. Data subjek diambil dari rekam medis berdasarkan admisi pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dari Januari 2018 – November 2021. Luaran klinis yang dinilai adalah readmisi 30 hari dan kematian dalam 6 bulan pascarawat. Data tersebut diolah dengan analisis multivariat dan laju kesintasan pada subjek.Hasil: Total subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 467 orang, dengan 158 subjek mengalami luaran klinis readmisi 30-hari dan kematian dalam 6 bulan pascarawat. Proporsi readmisi sebesar 29% (135 subjek) dan kematian dalam 6 bulan pascarawat sebesar 5% (23 subjek). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan luaran klinis readmisi 30- hari adalah hipertensi (p 0.05, HR 1.493, 95% IK 1.019 – 2.187), usia (p 0.013, HR 0.98, 95% IK 0.964 – 0.996), fraksi ejeksi <50% (p 0.016, HR 1.888, 95% IK 1.124 – 3.172), tekanan darah sistolik saat admisi (p 0.012, HR 1.010, 95% IK 1.001–1.017), denyut nadi sebelum pulang (p 0.017, HR 0.989, 95% IK 0.979 – 0.998), gula darah puasa (p 0.017, OR 0.992, 95% IK 0.986 – 0.999), dan nilai ITG ( p <0.001, OR 28.9, 95% IK 10.112 – 83.068). Sedangkan faktor independen terhadap luaran kematian dalam 6 bulan pascarawat adalah tanpa penggunaan diuretik (p 0.02, HR 6.89, 95% IK 2.022 – 23) dan gula darah puasa (p 0.017, OR 0.992, 95% IK 0.986 – 0.999).Kesimpulan: Nilai ITG dapat menjadi prediktor readmisi 30-hari, namun tidak berhubungan dengan luaran kematian dalam 6 bulan pasarawat pada pasien GJDA

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Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality and readmission rates. Currently, insulin resistance has been reported to predict prognosis of ADHF patients. Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) has now been proposed as an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk and a simple marker of insulin resistance. However, the association between TyG and 30-days readmission and 6 months mortality after hospitalization remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate TyG as a predictor of 30-day readmission and 6 months mortality after hospitalization in ADHF patients.

Methods: The study was conducted in a retrospective cohort. Data were taken from medical records based on the admission of patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2018 – November 2021. The clinical outcomes were 30-days readmission and 6 months mortality. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis and the survival rate of the subjects.

Results: This study included 467 subjects, with 158 subjects have clinical outcomes. The readmission rate is 29% (135 subjects), and 6 month mortality after hospitalization is 5%. Multivariate analysis showed that the factors associated with 30-days readmission were hypertension (p 0.05, HR 1.493, CI 95% 1.019 – 2.187), age (p 0.013, HR 0.98, CI 95% 0.964 – 0.996), ejection fraction <50% (p 0.016, HR 1.888, CI 95% 1.124 – 3.172), systolic blood pressure on admission (p 0.012, HR 1.010, 95% CI 1.001 – 1.017), heart rate predischarge (p 0.017, HR 0.989, CI 95% 0.979 – 0.998), gfsting blood glucose (p 0.017, OR 0.992, CI 95% 0.986 – 0.999), dan TyG (p <0.001, OR 28.9, 95% IK 10.112 – 83.068). Independent factors for 6 months mortality were no diuretic medication (p 0.02, HR 6.89, 95% IK 2.022 – 23) and fasting blood glucose (p 0.017, OR 0.992, 95% IK 0.986 – 0.999).

Conclusion: Triglyceride glucose index can predict 30-days readmission, but does not associated with 6-months mortality in ADHF patients."

"Latar belakang: Model prediksi risiko operasi memiliki peranan penting pada tindakan operasi katup jantung. Perubahan karakter pasien dan fasilitas pembedahan dalam waktu tertentu dapat mempengaruhi nilai prediksi skor risiko operasi.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan validasi EuroSCORE II, skor Ambler dan skor Harapan Kita dalam memprediksi mortalitas di rumah sakit pasca operasi katup jantung.Metode: Dilakukan studi kohort retrospektif terhadap 416 pasien yang menjalani operasi katup jantung pada periode November 2018 hingga Desember 2019. Data berasal dari rekam medis dengan metode sampling konsekutif. Didapatkan nilai kalibrasi dan diskriminasi EuroSCORE II, skor Ambler dan skor Harapan Kita.Hasil: Angka kematian yang diobservasi sebesar 6,7%. EuroSCORE II, skor Ambler and skor Harapan Kita memiliki kalibrasi yang baik (uji Hosmer-Lemeshow p=0,065, p=0,233 and p=0,314). Kemampuan diskriminasi skor dalam memprediksi kematian di rumah sakit EuroSCORE II (AUC 0,763; 95% IK;0.660-0.867), diikuti skor Ambler (AUC 0.748; 95% IK; 0.655-0.841) dan skor Harapan Kita (AUC 0,694; 95% IK; 0.584-0.804)Kesimpulan: EuroSCORE II, skor Ambler dan skor Harapan Kita memiliki validasi yang cukup baik. Kalibrasi ketiga skor baik dengan kalibrasi skor Harapan Kita relatif lebih baik dari dua skor lainnya, sedangkan nilai diskriminasi skor Harapan Kita di bawah EuroSCORE II dan skor Ambler.

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Background: Preoperative risk prediction models have important role in cardiac valve surgical management. Changing in patient characteristics and surgical facilities over time, might affect the predicting value of those scoring system.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the validation of EuroSCORE II, Ambler score and Harapan Kita score in predicting in-hospital mortality at patients underwent heart valve surgery

Methods: Cohort restrospective study was performed at 416 patients who underwent heart valve surgery from November 2018 to December 2019. Data was taken from the medical records by consecutive sampling method. The calibration and discrimination value of EuroSCORE II, Ambler score and Harapan Kita score were obtained.

Results: Observed in-hospital mortality was 6,7%. EuroSCORE II, Ambler score and Harapan Kita score have good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test p=0,065, p=0,233 and p=0,314). The discriminative value of these three scores in predicting in-hospital mortality for EuroScore II AUC 0,763 (95% CI; 0.660-0.867), Ambler score AUC 0.748 (95% CI; 0.655-0.841) and Harapan Kita score AUC 0,694 (95% CI; 0.584-0.804)

Conclusion: EuroSCORE II, Ambler score and Harapan Kita score have fairly good validation. Those scoring system have good calibration with Harapan Kita score calibration relatively better than EuroSCORE and Ambler score, meanwhile Harapan Kita score has less discrimination value than EuroScore II and Ambler score."

"Latar belakang: Aritmia ventrikular idiopatik, baik kompleks ventrikel prematur (KVP) maupun takikardia ventrikel (TV), dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan fungsi sistolik ventrikel kiri (VKi) yang akan menimbulkan kardiomiopati dan meningkatkan mortalitas. Banyak faktor yang berkontribusi menyebabkan terjadinya kardiomiopati akibat KVP (KA-KVP) meskipun mekanisme terjadinya belum sepenuhnya dipahami. Variasi sirkadian KVP dilaporkan berhubungan dengan terjadinya penurunan fraksi ejeksi VKi. Deteksi dini adanya disfungsi sistolik intrinsik Vki dapat dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan speckle tracking ekokardiografi dengan mengukur nilai global longitudinal strain (GLS). Sampai saat ini belum diketahui apakah variasi sirkadian KVP berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi sistolik intrinsik ventrikel kiri.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variasi sirkadian aritmia ventrikular idiopatik dengan fungsi sistolik intrinsik ventrikel kiri melalui speckle tracking ekokardiografi.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang dengan total subjek 67 pasien (17 laki-laki [25,4%]; usia rata-rata 46.5 + 9.8 tahun; fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri 63,2% + 7,5%) dengan KVP yang berasal dari jalur keluar ventrikel dari pemeriksaan elektrokardiogram 12 sadapan. Semua pasien menjalani pemeriksaan Holter monitoring 24 jam dan speckle tracking ekokardiografi. Dilakukan perhitungan variasi sirkadian beban KVP dan nilai global longitudinal global (GLS) kemudian dilakukan analisis statistik untuk menilai hubungan kedua variabel tersebut.Hasil: Sebanyak 31 pasien (46.3%) mengalami gangguan fungsi sistolik Vki (GLS lebih buruk dari -18%). Pasien dengan gangguan fungsi sistolik VKi memiliki GLS yang kurang negatif (-15.1% + 1.8% vs -21.3% + 2.0%; p=<0,001), beban KVP yang lebih tinggi (22.2% + 11.1% vs 13.9% + 8.3; p=0,001), variasi sirkadian beban KVP yang rendah (koefisien variasi beban KVP per 6 jam 26.8% + 15.6 vs 52.0 % + 28.2%; p=<0,001), dan episode TV non-sustained yang lebih sering (10 pasien [76.9%] vs 3 pasien [23.1%]; p=0,019). Sebanyak 70.6% pasien dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki mengalami gangguan disfungsi sistolik VKi (p=0,002). Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan beberapa prediktor terhadap gangguan fungsi sistolik Vki antara lain variasi sirkadian beban KVP yang rendah dengan [(koefisien variasi beban KVP per 6 jam < 35%), odds ratio (OR)=3.89 interal kepercayaan (IK)95%=1.09-13.80 p=0.036], episode TV non-sustained (OR=14.4, IK 95%=2.36-88.55, p=0.008), beban KVP > 9% (OR=6.81, IK 95%=1.35-34. Kesimpulan: Variasi sirkadian aritmia ventrikular idiopatik yang rendah berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi sistolik intrinsik ventrikel kiri melalui speckle tracking ekokardiografi. Variasi sirkadian beban KVP per 6 jam < 35% memiliki risiko 3.89 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadinya disfungsi sistolik ventrikel kiri

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Background: Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (AVI) including premature ventricular complex (PVC) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) can cause left ventricular (LV) dysfunction which may lead to cardiomiopathy. The mechanisms of this cardiomyopathy remain elusive, many factors are believed to contribute. PVC burden is influenced by circadian rhythmicity and lack of PVC circadian variability was proposed as one mechanism of LV dysfunction. Since early detection of LV systolic dysfunction can be done by speckle tracking echocardiography examination, further studies are needed to assess intrinsic left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with PVC circadian variation in patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between circadian variation of IVA and left ventricular intrinsic systolic function assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography.

Methods: The subjects of this cross sectional study were 67 consecutive patients (17 men [25.4%]; mean age 46.5 + 9.8 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 63.2% + 7.5%) with PVC originated from ventricular outflow tract based on 12 lead electrocardiogram. All patients underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring and speckle tracking echocardiography examinations. The circadian variation of PVC burden and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were determined and statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate their correlation. Results: A total 31 patients (46.3%) had impaired LV systolic function by GLS ( worse than -18%). Patients with impaired LV systolic function had a less negative GLS (-15.1% + 1.8% vs -21.3% + 2.0%; p=<0.001), a higher PVC burden ((22.2% + 11.1% vs 13.9% + 8.3; p=0,001), less variation in circadian PVC distribution (coefficient of variation 6 hourly 26.8% + 15.6 vs 52.0 % + 28.2%; p=<0.001), and more frequent episode of non-sustained VT (10 patients [76.9%] vs 3 patients [23.1%]; p=0.019). Total 70.6% patient with male gender experienced impaired LV systolic function (p=0.002). Independent predictors for impaired systolic LV function were less variation in circadian PVC distribution [(coeficient of variation < 35%), odds ratio (OR)=3.89, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 1.09-13.80, p=0.036)], episode of non-sustained VT (OR=14.4, 95%CI=2.36-88.55, p=0.008), PVC burden > 9% (OR=6.81, CI 95%=1.35-34.41, p=0.020), and male gender (OR=14.4, CI 95%=2.02-101.1, p=0.004).

Conclusion: Lack of circadian variation of IVA is associated with impaired LV systolic function by GLS. Coefficient of variation PVC burden < 35% has 3.89 times higher risk for development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction."

"Latar Belakang : Aplikasi mHealth menjadi modalitas menjanjikan dalam prevensi sekunder sindrom koroner akut. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi mHealth HARKIT iCare terhadap angka rehospitalisasi dan kepatuhan minum obat.Tujuan : Mengetahui efek penggunaan aplikasi HARKIT iCare dibandingkan dengan layanan standar terhadap angka rehospitalisasi dan kepatuhan minum obat.Metode : Studi ini adalah uji klinis acak tunggal,106 subyek pasien pasca-sindrom koroner akut dirandomisasi dengan permutasi blok acak ke kelompok aplikasi berbasis aplikasi ponsel pintar HARKIT iCare atau layanan standar. Subyek diikuti selama 6 bulan lalu dilihat angka rehospitalisasi dan kepatuhan minum obat menggunakan MMAS-8 sebagai parameter luaran.Hasil : Rehospitalisasi berulang lebih rendah pada kelompok iCare dibandingkan kontrol setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat (2 [3.7%] vs 7 [13.5%], HR 0.11 [IK 95% 0.01-0.98], p=.048). Rehospitalisasi tak terencana lebih rendah pada kelompok iCare dibanding kontrol, tidak berbeda bermakna (13 [24.1%] vs 16 [30.8%], HR 0.73 [IK 95% 0.35-1.53], p=.41). HARKIT iCare berkorelasi pada peningkatan tingkat kepatuhan secara signifikan setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat (16 [30.8%] vs 26 [48.1%], RR 2.37 [IK 95% 1.00-5.61], p=.049). Terdapat peningkatan bermakna secara statistik perbedaan nilai median kepatuhan minum obat berdasarkan MMAS awal dan akhir pada kelompok iCare dibandingkan kontrol (iCare - MMAS awal 6.5 [2-8] akhir 8 [4-8] Δ median = +1.5, p=.000 ; kontrol - MMAS awal 7 [3-8], akhir 8 [5-8], Δ median = +1, p=0.053 ).Kesimpulan Penggunaan aplikasi HARKIT iCare berkorelasi dengan angka rehospitalisasi berulang yang lebih rendah dan peningkatan derajat kepatuhan minum obat diukur dengan peningkatan median MMAS.

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Background Smartphone based mHealth applications is a promising platform for increase adherence to secondary prevention programs post acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study is to know the impact of smartphone based mHealth applications HARKIT iCare on rehospitalization and medication adherence.

Objective To determine the impact of HARKIT iCare apps on secondary prevention compared to standard care on rehospitalization and medication adherence.

Method Study was a single blinded randomized clinical trial involving 106 subjects post-acute coronary syndrome. Subjects were randomized by permuted block randomization into HARKIT iCare (intervention) group or standard care. Subjects were followed for 6 months. The outcome of this study was rates of unplanned and recurrent rehospitalization, and also medication adherence by questionnare MMAS-8.

Result Recurrent hospitalization occurred fewer in the iCare group compared to control (Adjusted, 2 [3.7%] vs 7 [13.5%], HR 0.11 [CI 95% 0.01-0.98], p=.048). Unplanned rehospitalization also occured fewer in iCare group compared to control, significantly different (13 [24.1%] vs 16 [30.8%], HR 0.73 [CI 95% 0.35-1.53], p=.41). HARKIT iCare related to increased levels of adherence (Adjusted, 16 [30.8%] vs 26 [48.1%], RR 2.34 [CI 95% 1.03-5.33], p=.049). Comparison between pre and post median MMAS was significant for iCare group but not with control group. (iCare - MMAS pre 6.5 [2-8] post 8 [4-8] Δ median = +1.5, p=.000 ; control - MMAS pre 7 [3-8], post 8 [5-8], Δ median = +1, p=.053).

Conclusion HARKIT iCare related with fewer recurrent rehospitalization, increase of medication adherence and improvement of median MMAS significantly."

"Latar Belakang : Infeksi COVID-19 dewasa ini telah diketahui memiliki implikasi jangka panjang meski periode akut telah tertangani, suatu fenomena yang dinamakan long COVID syndrome atau sindrom pasca COVID-19. Patofisiologi dari kejadian ini masih belum diketahui dengan jelas. Studi melaporkan bahwa sindrom pasca COVID-19 melibatkan beberapa organ, diantaranya adalah sistem kardiovaskular. Pemeriksaan nilai LV GLS dan RV LS pada ekokardiografi dinilai akurat dalam mendeteksi disfungsi miokard dan fibrosis endomiokardial. Selain itu, hingga saat ini, data mengenai faktor-faktor saat admisi sebagai prediktor terhadap kejadian sindrom pasca COVID-19 masih terbatas. Tujuan : Mengetahui nilai parameter ekokardiografi LV GLS dan RV LS sebagai penanda disfungsi miokard dan fibrosis jantung serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor saat admisi yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian sindrom pasca COVID-19.Metode : Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-analisis menggunakan metode potong lintang. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi termasuk pemeriksaan global longitudinal strain (GLS) dilakukan oleh dua orang observer 4 bulan pasca perawatan rumah sakit. Selanjutnya, analisis multivariat berupa regresi linear dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor admisi yang berpengaruh terhadap perbedaan nilai GLS pada kelompok penelitian. Hasil : 100 subjek dengan komorbiditas kardiovaskular dan riwayat COVID-19 memenuhi kriteria dan syarat penelitian. Ditemukan nilai penurunan nilai LV-GLS pada kelompok ini. Subjek dengan komorbiditas kardiovaskular tanpa riwayat COVID-19 (n=31, kontrol 1) yang telah melalui proses matching berdasarkan usia, gender, dan faktor resiko, serta subjek sehat (n-31, kontrol 2) sebagai pembanding validitas GLS. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan rerata nilai LV GLS antar 3 kelompok (p<0.05, rerata ±SB -16.17 ± 3.379, -19.48 ± 1.141, -21.48 ± 1.777 berturut-turut untuk kelompok kasus, kontrol 1, kontrol 2), dengan nilai paling rendah pada kelompok kasus. Faktor saat admisi yaitu status CAD memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p 0.038) dengan penurunan LV GLS pada pasien post covid-19 dengan komorbid kardiovaskular. Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan nilai LV GLS yang signifikan pada sindrom pasca COVID-19 disertai komorbiditas kardiovaskular. CAD merupakan prediktor penurunan fungsi maupun fibrosis jantung sebagai manifestasi sindrom pasca COVID-19.

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Background : Recently, COVID-19 infection has been known to have a longer implication, even after the initial acute phase has been managed, a phenomenon termed as long COVID syndrome or “sindroma pasca COVID-19”. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of this event is still unknown. Previous studies reported that long COVID syndrome involves multiple organs, one of which is the cardiovascular system. Measurement of echocardiography LV GLS and RV LS values are reported to be accurate to detect myocardial dysfunction and endomyocardial fibrosis. Moreover, up until now, data regarding admission factors as predictors for long COVID syndrome incidences are still limited.

Objective : Assessing echocardiography LV GLS and RV LS values as a marker for myocardial dysfunction and heart fibrosis and identifying admission factors which may predict the incidence of long COVID syndrome

Methods : This is an observational study with a cross-sectional using a consecutive sampling method. Echocardiography including global longitudinal strain (GLS) measurement was done by two examiners 3 months after initial hospitalization. Multivariate analysis linear regression was subsequently used to investigate admission factors which are associated with differences in GLS measurement.

Results : Total of 100 subjects with cardiovascular comorbidities and prior COVID-19 infection were enrolled. Echocardiography examination showed lower GLS values in this group compared to the normal population. Age, sex and risk factors-matched subjects with cardiovascular comorbidity without a history of COVID-19 (n=31, Control 1) and healthy subjects (n-31, Control 2) were subsequently used as comparisons to validate GLS results. There were significant differences in LV-GLS levels between the three groups, with the lowest values measured in the case group (p<0.05, mean ±SD -16.17 ± 3.379, -19.48 ± 1.141, -21.48 ± 1.777 respectively for case, control 1, and control 2 groups). A history of coronary artery disease upon admission was found to be associated with decreased LV GLS values in recovered COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular comorbidity.

Conclusion : LV GLS values significantly decrease in long COVID syndrome with cardiovascular comorbidities. Having a previous history of CAD upon admission may serve as predictors of deteriorated functions or heart fibrosis as manifestations of long COVID syndrome. "

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: External Counter Pulsation (ECP) dapat diaplikasikan sebagai pilihan terapi pada pasien dengan angina refrakter yang tidak adekuat dikendalikan dengan terapi medis, angioplasti perkutan (IPK) ataupun bedah pintas arteri koroner (BPAK). Hasil bervariasi masih diperoleh pada perbaikan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri pada pasien yang menjalani ECP. Metode 2D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2D-STE) dianggap lebih unggul menilai perbaikan klinis, namun hingga kini belum ada penelitian yang mengevaluasi mekanikal ventrikel kiri dengan menggunakan 2D-STE pada pasien yang menjalani protokol standar ECP (35 sesi).Tujuan: Mengetahui perubahan mekanik ventrikel kiri sesudah dilakukan 35 protokol standar ECP dibandingkan dengan kontrol/sham pada pasien angina refrakter yang tidak ideal menjalani revaskularisasi konvensional (IPK/BPAK).Metode: Pasien dengan angina refrakter yang tidak dapat dilakukan revaskularisasi lebih lanjut secara konvensional (IPK/BPAK) dirandomisasi menjadi 2 kelompok: kelompok terapi standar ECP (300 mmHg) dan kelompok placebo/sham (75 mmHg). Terapi standar ECP diberikan selama 35 sesi, durasi 1 jam/hari/sesi, selama 5 hari/minggu, selama 7 minggu. Data 2D-STE mencakup strain longitudinal dan post systolic index (PSI) diambil sebelum dan sesudah terapi (dengan double-blind).Hasil: Terdapat 46 subjek ikut serta dalam penelitian dan tidak ada subjek yang mengalami drop-out. Tiga pasien dieksklusi karena kualitas ekokardiografi sub-optimal. Dua puluh dua subjek disertakan dalam Grup Terapi ECP dan 21 subjek dalam Grup Kontrol (sham). Karakteristik dasar strain homogen sebelum dilakukan perlakuan baik secara global (Grup Terapi 12,42±4,55 vs Grup Sham 12,00±4,92; p 0,774) maupun secara segmental/regional (Grup Terapi 12,63 (0,01-25,16) vs Grup Sham 12,43 (0,01-27,20); p 0,570). Setelah perlakuan tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antar kelompok pada parameter mekanik ventrikel kiri baik secara global (p 0,535) maupun regional (p 0,434). Parameter PSI mengalami perbaikan pada grup Terapi (p 0,049) dan segmen dengan PSI≥20% cenderung mengalami perbaikan strain longitudinal pada grup Terapi dibanding grup Sham (p 0,042).Kesimpulan: Terapi ECP sebanyak 35 sesi tidak memberikan perbaikan mekanik ventrikel kiri secara global maupun regional/segmental pada pasien angina refrakter yang tidak ideal menjalani revaskularisasi konvensional (IPK/BPAK) dibanding sham.

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ABSTRACTBackground: External Counterpulsation (ECP) can be applied as a therapeutic option in patients with debilitating refractory angina inadequately controlled by medical therapy, percutaneous angioplasty (PCI), or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Varied results are still obtained in the improvement of the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients undergoing ECP. The 2D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2D-STE) method is considered superior in assessing clinical improvement, but there has been no study evaluating mechanical parameters of the left ventricle using 2D-STE in patients undergoing the standard ECP protocol (35 sessions).Objective: To determine the effect of ECP on left ventricular mechanical parameters changes after performing 35 ECP standard protocols compared with sham (control) in patients with refractory angina who are not ideal for conventional revascularization (PCI/CABG).Methods: We conducted a double-blind randomized control trial. Patients with refractory angina who could not be further revascularized conventionally (PCI/CABG) were randomized into 2 groups: the ECP group (300 mmHg) and the Sham group (75 mmHg). ECP standard therapy was given for 35 sessions, duration of 1 hour/day/session, for 5 days/week, for 7 weeks. 2D-STE data including strain and post systolic index (PSI) were obtained before and after therapy.Results: There were 46 subjects included in the study without any drop-out. Three patients were excluded due to suboptimal echocardiographic images. Twenty-two subjects were included in the ECP group and 21 subjects into the sham group. A homogenous baseline strain was found either globally (ECP group 12.42 ± 4.55 vs Sham group 12.00±4.92; P=0.774) or segmentally/regionally (ECP group 12.63 (0.01-25.16) vs the Sham group 12.43 (0.01-27.20); P=0.570). After treatment, there was no statistically significant improvement between groups in the mechanical function of the left ventricle both globally (P=0.535) or regionally/segmentally (P=0.434). There were improvements in the PSI parameters found in the ECP group (P=0.049) and segments with PSI ≥20% tended to improve longitudinal strains in the Therapy group compared to the Sham group (p 0.042).Conclusion: 35 sessions of ECP therapy did not improve the global nor regional/segmental left ventricular mechanical parameters in patients with refractory angina who were not ideally suited for conventional revascularization (PCI/CABG) compared to Sham."

"Aplikasi mHealth memiliki potensi menurunkan angka rekurensi sindrom koroner akut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas ekonomi layanan standar disertai monitoring menggunakan aplikasi HARKIT iCARE dibandingkan layanan standar pada prevensi sekunder paska sindrom koroner akut. Penelitian ini berbentuk uji klinis acak tersamar dengan perspektif sosietal yang melibatkan 106 pasien paska sindrom koroner akut yang dirawat di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2022. Randomisasi menggunakan permutasi blok acak dengan tindak lanjut selama enam bulan. Utilitas kesehatan dinilai menggunakan kuesioner EQ-5D-5L yang dikonversi menjadi quality adjusted life years. Luaran penelitian berupa incremental cost effectiveness ratio. Permodelan Markov sederhana dengan jangka waktu lima tahun dan siklus 30 hari dilanjutkan analisis bootstrapping 10.000 kali simulasi menunjukkan quality adjusted life yearslebih tinggi pada kelompok HARKIT iCARE (3,23 vs 3,06) namun total biaya yang lebih tinggi (Rp 5.495.920.454 vs Rp 5.041.510.027). Incremental cost effectiveness ratio per quality adjusted life years sebesar Rp 2.673.002.511 melebihi ambang batas kesediaan untuk membayar Indonesia yaitu Rp 225.000.000. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada kematian segala sebab dan kejadian kardiovaskular mayor. Layanan standar disertai monitoring aplikasi HARKIT iCARE tidak bersifat efektif secara biaya jika dibandingkan dengan layanan standar pada prevensi sekunder paska SKA.

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mHealth application has a potential to improve acute coronary syndrome recurrency. The objective of this study was to determine the economic effectiveness of HARKIT iCARE compared to standard secondary prevention in acute coronary syndrome. This study was an economic evaluation alongside randomized clinical trial with societal perspective. A total of 106 hospitalized acute coronary syndrome patients from June to December 2022 in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita were randomized using permuted block method. Base case trial follow-up period was six months. Health utility values were assessed using EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and then converted into quality adjusted life years. Study outcomes were incremental cost effectiveness ratio. A simple Markov model was constructed with time horizon of five years and 30 days cycle. Bootstrapping analysis with 10,000 simulation showed quality adjusted life years was higher in HARKIT iCARE group (3,23 vs 3,06) but higher total cost (Rp 5.495.920.454 vs Rp 5.041.510.027). Incremental cost effectiveness ratio per quality adjusted life years was Rp 2.673.002.511, exceeding the willingness to pay threshold based on three times of Indonesia gross domestic product per capita in 2023 Rp 225.000.000. There was no difference in all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular event. HARKIT iCARE as addition to standard secondary prevention was not cost effective compared to standard care in post acute coronary syndrome patients."