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Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 3 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
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Mukhammad Amin
"Pengaruh Temperatur Sintering dan Komposisi Bahan Baku Terhadap Sifat Karateristik Material Cordereite (2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2) Pasca Sarjana, 2000 Cordierite [2MgO.2A12O3.5SiO21 adalah merupakan material yang tahan temperatur tinggi sampai dengan 1365 ° C, disamping itu material tersebut memiliki termal ekspansi yang rendah yaitu ג= 2 x 10'° s/d ג = 3 x 10-° dan kekuatan mekanik yang tinggi. Penelitian dan pengembangan keramik cordierite telah dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan penelitian, diawali dengan penelitian tentang pembuatan serbuk cordierite dari berbagai macam bahan baku alam seperti Kaolin (AI2 03 2SiO 2H2O), Kuarsa (Si02), Talk (3MgO4SiO2H2O) Sian Bauxit (AI203) . Setelah dilakukan pencampuran dari bahan baku tersebut, kemudian dilakukan penganalisaan dengan DTA untuk mengetahui suhu sintering. Selanjutnya campuran tersebut dicetak dan dibakar (sintering) pada berbagai suhu. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah analisa fasa dengan XRD, pengukuran sifat-sifat fisis (densitas, porositas dan water absorbsion), termal ekspansi, kekerasan Vickers serta pengukuran kekuatan patah (bending strength). Dari hasil karakterisasi beberapa sampel ternyata sampel 3 dengan komposisi Kaolin 41.99 %,Talk 36.96 %, Alumina 21.05 % dengan suhu sintering 1350 ° C mempunyai sifat fisis yang paling balk yaitu bending strength 423,255 Kg/cm2, porositas 0.5257 %,densitas 3.7049 g/cm water absorbsion 7.4145%, serta kekuatan vickers 788,46 Kgf/mm2. Dad hasil karakterisasi tersebut maka komposisi dari sampel 3 dapat dipergunakan dan memenuhi syarat untuk aplikasi sebagai refraktori, Kiln Furniture, selubung termokopel,dan sebagai bahan untuk komponen alat penyaring gas pada mobil (Exhaust gas filter/catalys gas carrier).

Cordierite [2MgO.2A1203.5SiO2] are promising refractory materials for high temperature ceramic application up to 1365 ° C. beside that these materials have a low thermal ג= 2 x 10'° s/d ג = 3 x 10-° and high mechanical strength. Research and development of cordierite ceramics have been done in some stages of researches, first is the preparation of cordierite powders with variation of nature raw materials like Kaulin (AI2 03 2SiO 2H2O), Kuarsa (Si 02), Talk (3MgO4 SiO2 H2O) and Bauxit (AIZ 03 ). After mixing of raw materials, the mixed powders were analyzed by using of DTA, then those powders were formed and fired (sintered) at various temperatures. The characterization consist phase analysis with XRD, measurement of physical properties (density, porosity, water absorpsion), thermal expansion, vickers hardness and bending strength. The physical and mechanical characterization indicated that, the sample with the composition of 41,99 % Kaolin, 36,96 % Talk, 21,05 % Alumina and sintering temperature of 1350 °C have the best physical and mechanical properties. The porosity,density,water absorbsion, bending strength, and vickers hardness are 0,5357 %,3.7049 glcm 3, 7.4145 %, 423,255 Kg/cm2, 788.46 Kgf/mm2 respectively. It is concluded that the sample have fulfiled enough to aplicable as refractories, Kiln Furniture, thermocouple tube and otomotif component (exhaust gas filter/catalys gas carrier)."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2000
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sihombing, Edison
"Las titik adalah salah satu proses sambungan las yang banyak digunakan dalam industri otomotif. Penggunaan parameter las titik yang tidak tepat akan mengakibatkan kerusakan dalam bentuk patah, retak, perubahan bentuk atau perubahan sifat mekanisnya. Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap pengaruh parameter las titik terhadap sifat mekanik sambungan las baja karbon rendah, agar diketahui kombinasi variabel las yang paling tepat untuk mendapatkan hasil las yang baik.
Dalam penelitian ini, untuk tebal plat 1 mm arus yang digunakan adalah: 2 kA, 4 kA, 6 kA, 8 kA dan 10 kA, gaya elektroda 2 kN, 2,4 kN, 2,8 kN, 3,2 kN dan 3,6 kN dan waktu las 20 detik, 30 detik, 35 detik, 40 detik dan 45 detik. Untuk tebal plat 3 mm arus yang digunakan adalah dari 8 kA, 9 kA, 10 kA, 11 kA dan 12 kA, gaya elektroda dari 2 kN , 2,4 kN, 2,6 kN 3,2 kN dan 3,6 kN, waktu las dari 20 detik, 30 detik, 40 detik, 50 detik dan 57 detik. Pengujian sifat mekanik yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kekerasan dengan metode Vickers, pengujian kekuatan geser sambungan dengan metode uji tarik, sedangkan pengujian metalografi dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop optik.
Dari hasil uji tarik memperlihatkan untuk tebal plat 1 mm, apabila arus di bawah 4 kA tidak terjadi sambungan las, jika arus di atas 6 kA kekuatan geser sambungan las mulai turun. Untuk tebal plat 3 mm, jika arus di bawah 8 kA tidak terjadi sambungan las, tetapi jika arus di atas 10 kA kekuatan geser sambungan las mulai turun. Demikian juga waktu las dan gaya elektroda, apabila semakin tinggi dapat menurunkan kekuatan geser sambungan las, hal ini diduga karena arus listrik, waktu las dan gaya elektroda yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan rekristalisasi dan perubahan butir yang dapat menurunkan kekuatan sambungan las logam.
Hasil uji kekerasan memperlihatkan, bahwa semakin besar arus listrik, waktu las dan gaya elektroda, maka kekerasan logam makin besar, hal ini terjadi karena jika parameter las makin besar akan mengakibatkan rekristalisasi dan perubahan fasa pada logam, kejadian ini akan mengakibatkan kenaikan kekerasan logam.
Hasil pengujian struktur mikro memperlihatkan bahwa material mempunyai ferit, perlit dan martensit. Dengan demikian dari penelitian ini didapat hasil untuk pelat tebal 1 mm kombinasi yang terbaik adalah arus 6 kA, waktu las 30 detik dan gaya elektroda 2 kN. Untuk tebal plat 3 mm arus 10 kA, waktu las 20 detik, gaya elektroda 3,6 kN.

Welding is one of joining process that commonly used in automotive industry. An inaccurate choice of welding parameters may cause damage to the welding in form of broken, crack, and mechanical properties deterioration. Research on the effect of welding spot variables on mechanical properties of low carbon steel welding join had been done.
The research was focused on determining the best combination of welding parameters to get the best welding result. The welding 1 mm plate width was performed with varying the current of 2 kA, 4 kA, 6 kA, 8 kA, and 10 kA, electrode force of 2 kN, 2,4 kN, 2,8 kN, 3,2 kN and 3,6 kN, and welding time of 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds 50 seconds. The welding of 3 mm plate width was done with varying the current of 8 kA, 9 kA, 10 kA, 11 kA, and 12 kA, electrode force of 2 kN, 2,4 kN, 2,8 kN, 3,2 kN and 3,6 kN, and welding time of 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, 57 seconds. Test of mechanical properties performed includes hardness test using Vickers method, welded movement strength test using stretching test, whereas metallurgical test was performed using optical microscope.
The stretching test result showed that, for 1 mm width plate, if the current was less than 4 kA the welding did not occur, however, if the current is greater than 6 kA the movement strength of join started decreasing. Furthermore, for 3 mm plate width, if the current less than 8 kA the welding did not also occur and if the current was greater than 10 kA the movement strength of joint was decreasing. As for welding time and electrode force, if those parameters become high the movement strength of welding joint may be also decreased. This decreasing was foreseen because those can cause recristalization of grain that that may weaken the welded strength of metal.
Hardness test result showed that the higher the current, welding time and electrode force, the harder the metal. This phenomenon occurs since the higher the welding variables can cause recristalization and change the phase of metal that heightening the hardness of metal.
Microstructure test result showed that the material contain ferrite, perlite and martensite. As a final result it can be concluded that for 1 mm plate, the best combination of variables is 6 kA of current, 2 kN of electrode force, and welding time of 30 seconds, and for 3 mm plate width is 10 kA of current, 20 seconds of welding time and 3,6 electrode force.
"
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 1999
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Silalahi, Marzuki
"[ABSTRAK
Fe-Cr adalah paduan yang memiliki ketahanan temperatur tinggi dan
potensial digunakan sebagai interkonektor pada sel bakar (SOFC=solid oxide fuel
cell). Sintesis paduan Fe-Cr terus dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan metode yang
efektif, dan efisien. Metode sintesis paduan Fe-Cr yang ada sekarang ini adalah
metode peleburan, metalurgi serbuk ataupun metode pemaduan mekanik. Metodemetode
tersebut memiliki kelemahan misalnya paduan yang tidak homogen,
terdapat oksida, proses panjang dan membutuhkan waktu lama. Untuk
meminimumkan permasalahan ini, adalah penting untuk menghasilkan paduan
mikro Fe-Cr yang memiliki kestabilan fasa dan sifat mekanis baik. Metode
ultrasonik dapat dimanfaatkan untuk sintesis paduan mikro homogen melalui
penggunaan gelombang suara ultrasonik. Gelombang suara ultrasonik
menghasilkan gelembung-gelembung kavitasi, setiap runtuhan kavitasi dapat
dianggap sebagai reaktor mikro yang mampu menghasilkan temperatur sekitar
4737 oC dan tekanan sekitar 1000 atm dan yang terbentuk dengan sangat cepat,
serta menghasilkan gelombang kejut. Dengan demikian metode ultrasonik dapat
dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan paduan mikro Fe-Cr yang homogen serta tanpa
oksida dan diharapkan bisa mengatasi kelemahan metode pembuatan paduan
berbasis Fe saat ini. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis paduan mikro Fe-
Cr dengan metode ultrasonik pada frekuensi 20 kHz dalam cairan toluene.
Tahapan yang telah dilakukan adalah perlakuan ultrasonik sebagai variasi waktu
terhadap partikel prekursor (Fe, Cr), kemudian terhadap campuran partikel
precursor untuk mendapatkan paduan mikro Fe-Cr. Kemudian dilakukan
pembuatan bongkah paduan Fe-Cr dari partikel hasil perlakuan ultrasonik melalui
kompaksi tanpa lubrikan dan sintering dalam kapsul kaca kuarsa. Karakterisasi
yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
terhadap partikel precursor hasil rekayasa ultrasonic. Untuk partikel campuran
prekursor Fe-Cr hasil perlakuan ultrasonik karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan
SEM-EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) disertai
analisis dengan metode Rietveld, Transmission Electron Microscopy-Selected
Area Electron Diffraction (TEM-SAED). Untuk bongkah Fe-Cr hasil konsolidasi
dengan menggunakan SEM-EDS, XRD disertai analisis dengan metode Rietveld,
pengukuran densitas sebenarnya, pengujian kekerasan Vickers. Efek perlakuan
ultrasonik terhadap partikel Fe adalah pengurangan ukuran, penyatuan, dan
aglomerasi. Setelah perlakuan ultrasonik 40 jam terjadi peningkatan ukuran
partikel Fe (>2μm). Terhadap partikel Cr memberikan efek erosi permukaan,
pengurangan ukuran dan pemecahan partikel aglomerasi. Partikel Cr aglomerasi
terurai sepenuhnya menjadi partikel Cr kecil (< 2 m) setelah 63 jam. Terhadap
campuran partikel Fe dan Cr dapat menyatukan partikel kohesif (Fe-Fe, Cr-Cr)
dan adhesif (Fe-Cr), terbentuk paduan mikro Fe-Cr seutuhnya (setelah 20 jam)
ataupun paduan mikro Fe-Cr sebagian (setelah 50 jam). Pembentukan paduan
mikro Fe-Cr diawali pada ukuran partikel Fe ataupun Cr < 2m. Bongkah paduan mikro Fe-Cr yang diperoleh adalah homogen dan tanpa oksida, dengan
karakteristik densitas melalui sintering dua tahap yaitu tipe O = 8.655 gr/cm3, tipe
B=8.179 gr/cm3, dan tipe A=8.196 gr/cm3, dan melalui proses sintering satu tahap
tipe O = 7.678 gr/cm3, tipe B=7.587gr/cm3, dan tipe A=7.092 gr/cm3. Kekerasan
bongkah Fe-Cr terbesar melalui sintering satu tahap yaitu 88 VHN adalah tipe B,
sementara terbesar dua tahap yaitu 81 VHN adalah tipe A. Proses perlakuan
ultrasonik memberikan dampak positif baik dari sisi waktu proses maupun
kualitas hasil paduan Fe-Cr. Dengan demikian metode ultrasonik bisa diandalkan
sebagai alternatif dalam pembuatan paduan berbasis Fe untuk mengatasi kendala
homogenisasi dan oksidasi yang dihadapi pada metode saat ini.;

ABSTRACT
Fe-Cr alloys have the potential for use as an interconnection material for
solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its being resistance to high temperatures.
Synthesis methods of Fe-Cr alloy continue to be developed in order to obtain a
method that is both effective and efficient. Presently, the synthesis of Fe-Cr alloys
include the casting, the powder metallurgy, and the mechanical alloying method.
These methods have several drawbacks such as inhomogeneity in the resulting
products, oxidation, and require a very time-consuming process to accomplish. In
order to minimize this problem, it is important to produce Fe-Cr microalloys. Fe-
Cr microalloys exhibit phase stability and good mechanical properties. Ultrasonic
methods can be used in the synthesis of homogeneous microalloys by employing
the ultrasonic sound waves. Ultrasonic sound waves will generate cavitation
bubbles. Any cavitation collapse can be considered as a micro reactor in which a
temperature of about 4737 oC and a pressure of about 1000 atm a very rapidly
created, thereby generating a shock wave. Thus, the ultrasonic method can be
used in producing homogeneous and free-oxide Fe-Cr microalloys and can be
expected to overcome the limitations imposed by the current methods. In this
work the formation of Fe-Cr microalloys by ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of
20 kHz in toluene liquid is presented. In the synthesis procedure, the procedure
steps followed were: (1) the treatment of precursor particles (Fe, Cr) through
ultrasonic method with a time-variation, followed by (2) the same time-varying
ultrasonic treatment on the admixture of these specially prepared precursor
particles in order to obtain the Fe-Cr microalloys, and (3) finally, the lubricantless
compaction method was employed on these precursor particles admixture
followed by sintering process inside quartz tubes to obtain a bulk of Fe-Cr alloy.
Observations of the specially prepared precursor particles using ultrasonic
technique were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method.
Observation of the precursor mixture of Fe-Cr particles mixture treated
ultrasonically was performed using a SEM-EDS (energy-dispersive spectroscopy)
apparatus, a X-Ray diffractometer and accompanied by the Rietveld analysis
method, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-selected area electron
diffraction (SAED) apparatus. The bulk of Fe-Cr alloy were observed using SEMEDS,
XRD accompanied by analysis by the Rietveld method, true density
measurement, and Vickers microhardness testing. Ultrasonic treatment has caused
Fe particles to form agglomerations, an interparticles neck formation, and a fusing
among the particles. The size of the Fe particles increased (>2μm) after 40 hours
treatment. The agglomerated Cr particles experienced fragmentation, surface
erosion, and reduction of particle size. The agglometrated Cr particles fully
disintegrated into Cr microparticles (<2μm) after 63 hours treatment. The mixture
of Fe-Cr forming cohesive (Fe-Fe, Cr-Cr) and adhesive (Fe-Cr) particles, forming
completely (after ultrasonic treatment for 20 hours) and partially (after ultrasonic
treatment for 50 hours) Fe-Cr microalloys. The complete formation of Fe-Cr microalloy was possible with an equal particle size of the precursor Fe and Cr
(approximately <2 μm). The bulk of Fe-Cr alloy results are homogenous and
oxide-free. For two-step sintering, its density (in gr/cm3 unit) is 8.655 for type O,
is 8.179 for type B, and is 8.196 for type A, and for one-step sintering its density
is 7.678 for type O, is 7.587 for type B, and is 7.092 for type A. The greatest
microhardness number of 88 VHN is of type B (one-step sintering), and of 81
VHN is of type A (two-step sintering). The ultrasonic treatment process has a
positive impact, with respect to both of quality and time-consumption to finish the
Fe-Cr alloying process. Therefore the ultrasonic method can be relied upon as an
alternative method in the production of Fe-based alloys to solve problems in
homogenization and oxidation encountered in current methods;Fe-Cr alloys have the potential for use as an interconnection material for
solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its being resistance to high temperatures.
Synthesis methods of Fe-Cr alloy continue to be developed in order to obtain a
method that is both effective and efficient. Presently, the synthesis of Fe-Cr alloys
include the casting, the powder metallurgy, and the mechanical alloying method.
These methods have several drawbacks such as inhomogeneity in the resulting
products, oxidation, and require a very time-consuming process to accomplish. In
order to minimize this problem, it is important to produce Fe-Cr microalloys. Fe-
Cr microalloys exhibit phase stability and good mechanical properties. Ultrasonic
methods can be used in the synthesis of homogeneous microalloys by employing
the ultrasonic sound waves. Ultrasonic sound waves will generate cavitation
bubbles. Any cavitation collapse can be considered as a micro reactor in which a
temperature of about 4737 oC and a pressure of about 1000 atm a very rapidly
created, thereby generating a shock wave. Thus, the ultrasonic method can be
used in producing homogeneous and free-oxide Fe-Cr microalloys and can be
expected to overcome the limitations imposed by the current methods. In this
work the formation of Fe-Cr microalloys by ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of
20 kHz in toluene liquid is presented. In the synthesis procedure, the procedure
steps followed were: (1) the treatment of precursor particles (Fe, Cr) through
ultrasonic method with a time-variation, followed by (2) the same time-varying
ultrasonic treatment on the admixture of these specially prepared precursor
particles in order to obtain the Fe-Cr microalloys, and (3) finally, the lubricantless
compaction method was employed on these precursor particles admixture
followed by sintering process inside quartz tubes to obtain a bulk of Fe-Cr alloy.
Observations of the specially prepared precursor particles using ultrasonic
technique were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method.
Observation of the precursor mixture of Fe-Cr particles mixture treated
ultrasonically was performed using a SEM-EDS (energy-dispersive spectroscopy)
apparatus, a X-Ray diffractometer and accompanied by the Rietveld analysis
method, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-selected area electron
diffraction (SAED) apparatus. The bulk of Fe-Cr alloy were observed using SEMEDS,
XRD accompanied by analysis by the Rietveld method, true density
measurement, and Vickers microhardness testing. Ultrasonic treatment has caused
Fe particles to form agglomerations, an interparticles neck formation, and a fusing
among the particles. The size of the Fe particles increased (>2μm) after 40 hours
treatment. The agglomerated Cr particles experienced fragmentation, surface
erosion, and reduction of particle size. The agglometrated Cr particles fully
disintegrated into Cr microparticles (<2μm) after 63 hours treatment. The mixture
of Fe-Cr forming cohesive (Fe-Fe, Cr-Cr) and adhesive (Fe-Cr) particles, forming
completely (after ultrasonic treatment for 20 hours) and partially (after ultrasonic
treatment for 50 hours) Fe-Cr microalloys. The complete formation of Fe-Cr microalloy was possible with an equal particle size of the precursor Fe and Cr
(approximately <2 μm). The bulk of Fe-Cr alloy results are homogenous and
oxide-free. For two-step sintering, its density (in gr/cm3 unit) is 8.655 for type O,
is 8.179 for type B, and is 8.196 for type A, and for one-step sintering its density
is 7.678 for type O, is 7.587 for type B, and is 7.092 for type A. The greatest
microhardness number of 88 VHN is of type B (one-step sintering), and of 81
VHN is of type A (two-step sintering). The ultrasonic treatment process has a
positive impact, with respect to both of quality and time-consumption to finish the
Fe-Cr alloying process. Therefore the ultrasonic method can be relied upon as an
alternative method in the production of Fe-based alloys to solve problems in
homogenization and oxidation encountered in current methods, Fe-Cr alloys have the potential for use as an interconnection material for
solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its being resistance to high temperatures.
Synthesis methods of Fe-Cr alloy continue to be developed in order to obtain a
method that is both effective and efficient. Presently, the synthesis of Fe-Cr alloys
include the casting, the powder metallurgy, and the mechanical alloying method.
These methods have several drawbacks such as inhomogeneity in the resulting
products, oxidation, and require a very time-consuming process to accomplish. In
order to minimize this problem, it is important to produce Fe-Cr microalloys. Fe-
Cr microalloys exhibit phase stability and good mechanical properties. Ultrasonic
methods can be used in the synthesis of homogeneous microalloys by employing
the ultrasonic sound waves. Ultrasonic sound waves will generate cavitation
bubbles. Any cavitation collapse can be considered as a micro reactor in which a
temperature of about 4737 oC and a pressure of about 1000 atm a very rapidly
created, thereby generating a shock wave. Thus, the ultrasonic method can be
used in producing homogeneous and free-oxide Fe-Cr microalloys and can be
expected to overcome the limitations imposed by the current methods. In this
work the formation of Fe-Cr microalloys by ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of
20 kHz in toluene liquid is presented. In the synthesis procedure, the procedure
steps followed were: (1) the treatment of precursor particles (Fe, Cr) through
ultrasonic method with a time-variation, followed by (2) the same time-varying
ultrasonic treatment on the admixture of these specially prepared precursor
particles in order to obtain the Fe-Cr microalloys, and (3) finally, the lubricantless
compaction method was employed on these precursor particles admixture
followed by sintering process inside quartz tubes to obtain a bulk of Fe-Cr alloy.
Observations of the specially prepared precursor particles using ultrasonic
technique were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method.
Observation of the precursor mixture of Fe-Cr particles mixture treated
ultrasonically was performed using a SEM-EDS (energy-dispersive spectroscopy)
apparatus, a X-Ray diffractometer and accompanied by the Rietveld analysis
method, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-selected area electron
diffraction (SAED) apparatus. The bulk of Fe-Cr alloy were observed using SEMEDS,
XRD accompanied by analysis by the Rietveld method, true density
measurement, and Vickers microhardness testing. Ultrasonic treatment has caused
Fe particles to form agglomerations, an interparticles neck formation, and a fusing
among the particles. The size of the Fe particles increased (>2μm) after 40 hours
treatment. The agglomerated Cr particles experienced fragmentation, surface
erosion, and reduction of particle size. The agglometrated Cr particles fully
disintegrated into Cr microparticles (<2μm) after 63 hours treatment. The mixture
of Fe-Cr forming cohesive (Fe-Fe, Cr-Cr) and adhesive (Fe-Cr) particles, forming
completely (after ultrasonic treatment for 20 hours) and partially (after ultrasonic
treatment for 50 hours) Fe-Cr microalloys. The complete formation of Fe-Cr microalloy was possible with an equal particle size of the precursor Fe and Cr
(approximately <2 μm). The bulk of Fe-Cr alloy results are homogenous and
oxide-free. For two-step sintering, its density (in gr/cm3 unit) is 8.655 for type O,
is 8.179 for type B, and is 8.196 for type A, and for one-step sintering its density
is 7.678 for type O, is 7.587 for type B, and is 7.092 for type A. The greatest
microhardness number of 88 VHN is of type B (one-step sintering), and of 81
VHN is of type A (two-step sintering). The ultrasonic treatment process has a
positive impact, with respect to both of quality and time-consumption to finish the
Fe-Cr alloying process. Therefore the ultrasonic method can be relied upon as an
alternative method in the production of Fe-based alloys to solve problems in
homogenization and oxidation encountered in current methods]"
2015
D2072
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library