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"Latar belakang: Kopi merupakan minuman yang populer di kalangan masyarakat dan dijadikan  bagian dari gaya hidup. Kafein dalam kopi merupakan salah sat zat aktif dan seringkali dianggap sebagai psikostimulan yang bekerja sebagai stimulan di sistem saraf pusat, sehingga dapat membantu meningkatkan fungsi kognitif, daya konsentrasi, dan alertness. Kebiasan minum kopi di kalangan pekerja serta manfaatnya merupakan hal yang perlu ditinjau lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengamati konsumsi kopi harian dan hubungannya dengan alertness dan kinerja harian di PT.X Jakarta. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel minimal 114 orang karyawan di PT X. Alertness dinilai melalui pengukuran waktu reaksi dengan alat lakassidaya dan konsumsi kopi dinilai dengan 7-days fluid record dimana responden mencatat konsumsi minuman selama 7 hari berturut-turut, sedangkan kinerja harian menggunakan kuesioner yang dicatat oleh responden secara mandiri. Hasil: Terdapat 121 responden yang melengkapi seluruh data dan dianalisis dalam penelitian ini dari sejumlah 135 responden yang direkrut pada awal penelitian. Sebanyak 57 orang (47,1%) adalah responden yang konsumsi kopi. Konsumsi kopi harian pada kelompok yang konsumsi kopi adalah sebesar 247 ml dengan asupan kafein sebanyak 72 mg/hari. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi kopi dengan alertness (OR (IK 95%) = 0,650 (0,288 – 1,467); p-value = 0,403) dan kinerja harian (OR (IK 95%) = 0,637 (0,263 – 1,546); p-value = 0,403). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi kopi dengan alertness dan kinerja harian,

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Background: Coffee is a popular beverage among people and is part of their lifestyle. Caffeine in coffee is one of the active substances and is often considered a psychostimulant that works as a stimulant in the central nervous system, so it can help improve cognitive function, concentration, and alertness. The habit of drinking coffee among workers and its benefits are things that need to be reviewed further. The purpose of this study was to observe daily coffee consumption and its relationship with alertness and daily performance at PT.X Jakarta. Methods: The method used in this study was cross-sectional with a minimum sample size of 114 employees at PT X. Alertness was assessed through the measurement of reaction time with a lakassidaya tool and coffee consumption was assessed with a 7-days fluid record where respondents recorded beverage consumption for 7 consecutive days, while daily performance used a questionnaire recorded by respondents independently. Results: There were 121 respondents who completed all data and were analyzed in this study from a total of 135 respondents recruited at the beginning of the study. A total of 57 people (47.1%) were coffee-consuming respondents. Daily coffee consumption in the coffee consumption group was 247 ml with a caffeine intake of 72 mg/day. There was no association between coffee consumption and alertness (OR (95% CI) = 0.650 (0.288 - 1.467); p-value = 0.403) and daily performance (OR (95% CI) = 0.637 (0.263 - 1.546); p-value = 0.403). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between coffee consumption and alertness and daily performance."

"Latar Belakang: Inflamasi usus halus (enteritis) memiliki etiologi infeksi atau non infeksi. Salah satu etiologi enteritis kronis non infeksi adalah inflamasi akibat penyakit Chron (PC) sebagai salah satu subtipe dari Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) yang secara klinis dapat menyerang 0,5-4% dari semua pasien PC. Saat ini, pilihan terapi standar enteritis akibat IBD adalah 5-ASA dan kortikosteroid yang memiliki keterbatasan akibat efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Sementara itu, diketahui potensi terapeutik ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima yang menunjukkan efek antiinflamasi pada sejumlah penyakit kronis.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efek hambatan inflamasi ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima terhadap enteritis kronis yang diinduksi Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) melalui analisis histopatologi sembilan parameter inflamasi usus halus dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin (HE).Metode: Dua puluh lima mencit Swiss-Webster terbagi dalam 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal (KN), kelompok kontrol positif asam elagat murni (ELG), kelompok kontrol negatif (DSS), kelompok mencit yang menerima ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima dosis 240 mg/kgBB per hari (DOSIS-1), dan kelompok mencit yang menerima ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima dosis 480 mg/kgBB per hari (DOSIS-2). Semua mencit menerima DSS 2% (3 gram per hari) selama 3 siklus (satu siklus mencit meminum DSS 2%  selama 7 hari, dilanjutkan minum air biasa selama 7 hari berikutnya). Di akhir percobaan, sampel usus halus dicuci dengan air dan difiksasi menggunakan buffered neutral formalin (BNF) 10%. Selanjutnya jaringan usus halus ditanam pada medium parafin untuk analisis histopatologi dengan pewarnaan HE.Hasil: Dibandingkan kontrol normal, pemberian DSS 2% menunjukkan adanya inflamasi usus halus mencit berupa peningkatan signifikan empat parameter inflamasi yakni peningkatan hiperplasia epitel usus halus, angiogenesis, fokus perdarahan (p < 0,05), dan sel Goblet (p < 0,01). Efek DSS 2% pada lima parameter inflamasi lainnya tidak signifikan (p > 0,05) dibandingkan kontrol normal, tetapi mampu menunjukkan peningkatan pada parameter jumlah infiltrasi sel inflamatorik villi, sel migratorik di ruang antar kriptus Liberkuhn, fokus nekrosis dan/atau erosi mukosa, villi menumpul, dan gambaran mitosis di kriptus Liberkuhn. Dibandingkan kontrol negatif, ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima dosis 240 mg/kgBB atau 480 mg/kgBB, keduanya mampu memberikan efek antiinflamasi secara signifikan (p < 0,05) pada tiga parameter, dengan menurunkan jumlah hiperplasia epitel (935,80 ± 326,60 VS 413,80 ± 244,55 dan 410,20 ± 69,98); sel Goblet (148,00 ± 60,62 VS 92,00 ± 30,42 dan 78,40 ±  24,03); dan fokus perdarahan (21,00 (15,00-22,00) VS 12,00 (2,00-18,00) dan 9,00 (7,00-18,00). Sementara itu, hanya pemberian dosis 480 mg/kgBB yang mampu menurunkan parameter angiogenesis secara signifikan (32,60 ± 26,54 VS 10,08 ± 8,47). Efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima tidak bergantung pada peningkatan dosis. Sementara itu, baik DOSIS-1 maupun DOSIS-2 juga memberikan efek penurunan lima parameter inflamasi lainnya meskipun tidak signifikan (p > 0,05).Kesimpulan: Melalui analisis histopatologi sembilan parameter peradangan, diketahui DSS 2% dapat menginduksi inflamasi ringan usus halus. Adapun pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima menunjukkan efektivitas hambatan enteritis kronis model IBD yang diinduksi DSS 2% pada parameter peningkatan hiperplasia epitel, sel Goblet, angiogenesis, dan fokus perdarahan.

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Background: Small intestine inflammation (enteritis) has an etiology of infection or non-infection. One of non-infectious chronic enteritis is inflammation due to Chron's disease (CD) as a subtype of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). At present, the standard treatment option for enteritis due to IBD is 5-ASA and corticosteroids which have limitations due to side effects. Meanwhile, it is known the therapeutic potential of pomegranate peel extract which shows anti-inflammatory effects on a number of chronic diseases.

Objective: To determine the inflammatory inhibitory effect of pomegranate peel extract on chronic enteritis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) through histopathological analysis of nine inflammatory parameters of the small intestine.

Methods: Twenty-five Swiss-Webster mice were divided into 5 groups, namely the normal group (KN), the positive control group which receiving pure ellagic acid (ELG), the negative control group (DSS), the mice group receiving pomegranate peel ethanol extract dose of 240 mg/kg.bw/day (DOSIS-1), and the mice group receiving pomegranate peel ethanol extract dose of 480 mg/kg.bw/day (DOSIS-2). All mice received 2% DSS (3 g/day) for 3 cycles (one cycle of mice taking 2% DSS for 7 days, continued drinking plain water for the next 7 days). At the end of the experiment, the small intestine sample was washed with water and fixed using 10% buffered neutral formalin. Afterwards, the small intestine tissue was embedded on paraffin medium for histopathological analysis with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining.

Results: Administration of 2% DSS significantly improve four inflammatory parameters of the chronic enteritis. Compared to normal controls, administration of 2% DSS increased significantly four inflammatory parameters, namely increased epithelial hyperplasia, angiogenesis, focus of bleeding (p<0.05), and Goblet cells (p<0.01). The effect of 2% DSS on five other inflammatory parameters was not significant, but it was able to increase inflammatory cell infiltrations in villi, migratory cells in the space between Lieberkuhn crypts, focus of necrosis and/or mucosal erosion, villus blunting, and mitotic figures in Liberkuhn crypts (p>0.05) indicating mild small intestinal inflammation. Compared to negative controls, administration of pomegranate peel ethanol extract 240 mg/kg.bw or 480 mg/kg.bw was able to provide a significant anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.05) on three parameters, by reducing the number of epithelial hyperplasia (935.80 ± 326.60 VS 413.80 ± 244.55 and 410.20 ± 69.98); Goblet cells (148.00 ± 60.62 VS 92.00 ± 30.42 and 78.40 ± 24.03); and focus of bleeding (21.00 (15.00-22.00) VS 12.00 (2.00-18.00) and 9.00 (7.00-18.00). Meanwhile, only the dose of 480 mg/kgBB which is able to reduce angiogenesis parameters significantly (32.60 ± 26.54 VS 10.08 ± 8.47). The anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate peel extract did not depend on increasing doses. Both of DOSIS-1 and DOSIS-2 of pomegranate peel ethanol extract also reduced the increase of five other inflammatory parameters, although not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Through histopathological analysis of nine inflammatory parameters, it is known that 2% DSS can induce mild small intestinal inflammation. Pomegranate peel ethanol extract show effectiveness in inhibiting chronic enteritis model IBD induced by 2% DSS on the parameters of increased epithelial hyperplasia, Goblet cells, angiogenesis, and focus of bleeding."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh brand personality terhadap repurchase intention dari konsumen merek pakaian Uniqlo serta dimensi brand personality yang paling berpengaruh terhadap repurchase intention. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 100 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa program sarjana dan vokasi di Universitas Indonesia Depok. Menggunakan factor analysis dan multiple regression untuk menganalisis data, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua dari empat dimensi brand personality Aaker yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu sincerity dan excitement, mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap repurchase intention. Sementara itu, competence dan sophistication juga mempunyai pengaruh terhadap repurchase intention, meskipun tidak signifikan.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to find out the effect of brand personality towards repurchase intention on the consumers of Uniqlo fashion brand. This research is also aimed to examine which brand personality dimension is the most significant towards repurchase intention. This research applies quantitative approach with purposive sampling technique to 100 respondents who are undergraduate and vocational students of Universitas Indonesia Depok. Using factor analysis and multiple regression to analyze the data, the research findings show that two out of four of Aaker?s brand personality dimensions used in the research, which is sincerity and excitement, have the most significant effects toward repurchase intention. While two other dimensions, competence and sophistication, also have effects toward repurchase intention, albeit not significant."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Kunjungan dan angka mortalitas pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) semakin meningkat dengan kondisi penyakit yang bervariasi, sehingga deteksi yang cepat dan tepat pada pasien dengan risiko mortalitas tinggi sangat penting. Skor Hypotension, Oxygen Saturation, Low Temperature, ECG Changes, and Loss of Independence (HOTEL) sangat baik dan penting untuk diterapkan pada pasien gawat darurat karena menggunakan variabel-variabel yang mudah dan cepat diperoleh. Namun demikian skor tersebut belum divalidasi di Indonesia.Tujuan : untuk menilai performa skor HOTEL dalam memprediksi mortalitas 24 jam pasien non bedah di IGD Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM).Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien non bedah yang masuk ke IGD RSCM pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2012. Variabel bebas yang dinilai adalah tekanan darah sistolik, saturasi oksigen perifer, suhu tubuh, perubahan elektrokardiogram (EKG), dan kemampuan berdiri tanpa bantuan. Luaran yang dinilai adalah mortalitas dalam 24 jam setelah masuk IGD. Performa kalibrasi dinilai dengan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow. Performa diskriminasi dinilai dengan area under the curve (AUC).Hasil: Terdapat 815 pasien non bedah yang datang ke IGD RSCM selama bulan Oktober hingga November 2012. Sebanyak 804 (98,7%) subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan mortalitas 24 jam sebesar 30 (3,7%) subjek. Performa kalibrasi HOTEL dengan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow menunjukkan p = 0,753. Performa diskriminasi ditunjukkan dengan nilai AUC 0,86 (IK 95% 0,781; 0,931).Simpulan: Skor HOTEL memiliki performa kalibrasi dan diskriminasi yang baik dalam memprediksi mortalitas 24 jam pada pasien non bedah yang masuk ke IGD RSCM.

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ABSTRACT

Background: The number of visit and mortality rate of emergency patients at Emergency Department (ED) have been increasing from time to time. Those patients have wide spectrum conditions. Appropriate identification of the patients with high mortality risk is crucial. The Hypotension, Oxygen Saturation, Low Temperature, ECG changes, and Loss of Independence (HOTEL) score is easy and important to be applied in the ED, however, the score has not been validated in Indonesia.

Objective: to evaluate performance of HOTEL score in predicting the 24-hour mortality non-surgical patients in ED of Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort study. The research subjects were the non-surgical patients who admitted to ED of RSCM between October-November 2012. We collected systolic blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, body temperature, ECG changes, and loss of independence. Those data were evaluated based on the HOTEL scoring system. The outcome were evaluated in 24- hour after admission (alive or dead). The calibration was evaluated with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The discrimination performance was evaluated with area under the curve (AUC).

Results: There were 815 non-surgical patients admitted to the ED between October until November 2012. There were 804 (98,7%) subjects included. The 24-hour mortality rate was 30 subjects (3,7%). The calibration performance with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed p = 0,753. The discrimination performance was shown with the AUC score 0,86 (95% CI 0.781; 0.931).

Conclusion: The HOTEL score has a good calibration and discrimination performance in predicting the 24-hour mortality of the non-surgical patients in ED of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Diare akut adalah masalah umum di negara berkembang sepertiIndonesia; penyakit ini banyak ditemukan dalam praktek sehari-hari dengan angkamorbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup tinggi. Pada beberapa Rumah Sakit diJakarta ditemukan bahwa pasien diare akut dewasa mengalami defisiensi kadarseng sebesar 69.3%.Pemberian seng sudah terbukti bermanfaat untuk pengobatan diare akut padaanak.Tujuan: Mengetahui dampak suplementasi seng sebagai terapi alternatif /adjuvant untuk pengobatan diare akut pada pasien dewasa, denganmembandingkan lama berlangsung dan berat-ringan gejala pada kelompok pasienyang diberikan dan yang tidak diberikan suplementasi seng.Metode: Double blind randomized controlled trial dilakukan pada penelitian iniuntuk mengetahui efek suplementasi seng terhadap durasi dan gejalagastrointestinal pada pasien diare akut rawat inap di RS Pusat Pertamina di Jakartaselama periode Januari-Desember 2013. Analisis data dilakukan denganmenggunakan uji chi-square (x2) untuk perbandingan durasi diare dan uji generallinear model (GLM) untuk menilai tren perubahan gejala penyerta diare.Hasil: Analisis data dari 84 pasien yang dikelola: 30 pasien pria [seng 19,plasebo 11] dan 54 pasien wanita [seng 23, plasebo 31] ~ (p 0.111)memperlihatkan pemberian suplementasi seng bermakna mengurangi durasi diareakut (p 0.027) dan bermakna mengurangi gejala mual (p 0.032). Selain itu adatren perbaikan pada sebagian gejala penyerta diare akut, seperti sakit perut,frekuensi b.a.b., konsistensi feses, gejala muntah, kembung, dan gangguanaktivitas sehari-hari.Simpulan: Pemberian suplementasi seng bermakna membuat durasi diare akutlebih singkat dan bermakna mengurangi gejala mual, serta perbaikan padasebagian gejala gastrointestinal.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Acute diarrhea is a common problem in developing countries suchas Indonesia; which is found in everyday practice with quite high morbidity andmortality rate. It was revealed in adult acute diarrhea patients in several hospitalsin Jakarta the levels of zinc deficiency was 69.3%. Zinc has been proven to bebeneficial in the treatment of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients.Objective: To discover the effectiveness of zinc supplementation as an adjuvanttherapy in acute diarrhea for adult patients by comparing the duration and theseverity of signs and symptoms of acute diarrhea between the zinc and placebogroup.Methods: A double blind randomized controlled trial is done to find out aboutthe effect of zinc supplementation to the duration, signs and symptoms on acutediarrheal in hospitalized adults patients in Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakartafrom January-December 2013. The data is analyzed using chi-square test (x2) forcomparing the duration of diarrhea and general linear model (GLM) to assesstrend changes accompanying symptoms of diarrhea.Results: Analysis of the data from 84 patients: 30 males [19 zinc, 11 placebo]and 54 females [23 zinc, 31 placebo] ~ (p 0.111) obtained zinc supplementationsignificantly reduced the duration of acute diarrhea (p 0.027) and significantlyreduce the symptoms of nausea (p 0.032). In addition there is trend ofimprovement in some acute diarrhea associated symptoms, such as abdominalpain, frequency of diarrhea, stool consistency, vomiting, bloating, and disruptionof daily activities.Conclusion: Zinc supplementation significantly reduce the duration of diarrhea,significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea; besides, improving some symptomsaccompanying acute diarrhea.;Background: Acute diarrhea is a common problem in developing countries suchas Indonesia; which is found in everyday practice with quite high morbidity andmortality rate. It was revealed in adult acute diarrhea patients in several hospitalsin Jakarta the levels of zinc deficiency was 69.3%. Zinc has been proven to bebeneficial in the treatment of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients.Objective: To discover the effectiveness of zinc supplementation as an adjuvanttherapy in acute diarrhea for adult patients by comparing the duration and theseverity of signs and symptoms of acute diarrhea between the zinc and placebogroup.Methods: A double blind randomized controlled trial is done to find out aboutthe effect of zinc supplementation to the duration, signs and symptoms on acutediarrheal in hospitalized adults patients in Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakartafrom January-December 2013. The data is analyzed using chi-square test (x2) forcomparing the duration of diarrhea and general linear model (GLM) to assesstrend changes accompanying symptoms of diarrhea.Results: Analysis of the data from 84 patients: 30 males [19 zinc, 11 placebo]and 54 females [23 zinc, 31 placebo] ~ (p 0.111) obtained zinc supplementationsignificantly reduced the duration of acute diarrhea (p 0.027) and significantlyreduce the symptoms of nausea (p 0.032). In addition there is trend ofimprovement in some acute diarrhea associated symptoms, such as abdominalpain, frequency of diarrhea, stool consistency, vomiting, bloating, and disruptionof daily activities.Conclusion: Zinc supplementation significantly reduce the duration of diarrhea,significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea; besides, improving some symptomsaccompanying acute diarrhea., Background: Acute diarrhea is a common problem in developing countries suchas Indonesia; which is found in everyday practice with quite high morbidity andmortality rate. It was revealed in adult acute diarrhea patients in several hospitalsin Jakarta the levels of zinc deficiency was 69.3%. Zinc has been proven to bebeneficial in the treatment of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients.Objective: To discover the effectiveness of zinc supplementation as an adjuvanttherapy in acute diarrhea for adult patients by comparing the duration and theseverity of signs and symptoms of acute diarrhea between the zinc and placebogroup.Methods: A double blind randomized controlled trial is done to find out aboutthe effect of zinc supplementation to the duration, signs and symptoms on acutediarrheal in hospitalized adults patients in Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakartafrom January-December 2013. The data is analyzed using chi-square test (x2) forcomparing the duration of diarrhea and general linear model (GLM) to assesstrend changes accompanying symptoms of diarrhea.Results: Analysis of the data from 84 patients: 30 males [19 zinc, 11 placebo]and 54 females [23 zinc, 31 placebo] ~ (p 0.111) obtained zinc supplementationsignificantly reduced the duration of acute diarrhea (p 0.027) and significantlyreduce the symptoms of nausea (p 0.032). In addition there is trend ofimprovement in some acute diarrhea associated symptoms, such as abdominalpain, frequency of diarrhea, stool consistency, vomiting, bloating, and disruptionof daily activities.Conclusion: Zinc supplementation significantly reduce the duration of diarrhea,significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea; besides, improving some symptomsaccompanying acute diarrhea.]"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Sejak tahun 1980 Divisi Gastroenterologi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (IPD FKUI/RSCM) membuat kriteria derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan gambaran esofagogastroduodenoskopi (EGD) adanya hiperemis dan erosi. Kriteria derajat gastritis kronik ini banyak digunakan di seluruh Indonesia namun kriteria tersebut belum pernah dilakukan uji diagnostik.Tujuan: Mendapatkan akurasi diagnostik derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan pemeriksaan EGD dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik derajat gastritis kronik berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan EGD pada pasien yang memiliki indikasi, dibandingkan dengan gambaran histopatologi sebagai pemeriksaan baku emas yang dilakukan di Pusat Endoskopi Saluran Cerna (PESC) Divisi Gastroenterologi Departemen IPD FKUI/RSCM dari Oktober 2014 hingga Februari 2015. Uji diagnostik yang dilakukan ada 2 yaitu uji diagnostik gastritis sedang - ringan dan berat - sedang. Masing-masing uji diagnostik di atas, ditampilkan parameter-parameter uji diagnostik berupa sensitivitas (Se), spesifisitas (Sp), nilai duga positif (NDP), nilai duga negatif (NDN), serta rasio kemungkinan (RK) positif dan negatif. Seluruh parameter di atas menyertakan interval kepercayaan 95% (IK 95%).Hasil Penelitian: Dari 230 subjek didapatkan karateristik penelitian perempuan lebih banyak dari laki - laki dengan perbandingan 3:2, terdapat merata pada semua kelompok usia, DM 23%, hipertensi 36,5% dan infeksi H.pylori 2,6%. Hasil uji diagnostik gastritis ringan - sedang: Se 0.95 (IK 95% 0.87-0.98), Sp 0.96 (IK 95% 0.86-0.99), NDP 0.97 (IK 95% 0.89-0.99), NDN 0.94 (IK 95% 0.84-0.98), RK Positif 23.39 (IK 95% 6.09- 89.74) dan RK Negatif 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.14). Hasil uji diagnostik gastritis sedang - berat: Sensitivitas 0.93 (IK 95% 0.82-0.98), Spesifisitas 0.94 (IK 95% 0.86-0.98), Nilai Duga Positif 0.91 (IK 95% 0.79-0.96), Nilai Duga Negatif 0.96 (IK 95% 0.88-0.99), Rasio Kemungkinan Positif 16.54 (IK 95% 6.32-43.28) dan Rasio Kemungkinan Negatif 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.21).Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan EGD memiliki akurasi yang baik untuk menegakkan diagnosis derajat gastritis kronik.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Since 1980, Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine FKUI/RSCM had made a criteria for chronic gastritis grading based on hyperemic and erosion that are found in gastric?s mucosa based on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examination. This criteria is used nationwide all over Indonesia but until now there is no diagnostic study for chronic gastritis grading based on EGD examination compare to histopathology examination as the gold standard.

Purpose: To get diagnostic accuracy of chronic gastritis grading based on EGD compared to histopathology.

Methods: This research is a diagnostic study about chronic gastritis grading by EGD from patients that had indication for, compared to histophatology as a gold standard in gastrointestinal endoscopy room Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine FKUI/RSCM from October 2014 to February 2015. There will be 2 diagnostic study, mild to moderate gastritis and severe to moderate gastritis diagnostic study. For every diagnostic study, the parameters that will be showed are Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), Possitive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Possitive Likelihood Ratio and Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR). The 95% confidence interval will be included.

Results: Of 230 subjects, there were more women than men with ratio 3:2, age didn?t affect the grading of chronic gastritis, type 2 diabetes was found in 23% patients, hypertension was found in 36,5% patients and H.pylori infection in only 2.6% patients. The results for mild to moderate gastritis : Sensitivity 0.95 (CI 95% 0.87-0.98), Specificity 0.96 (CI 95% 0.86-0.99), Possitive Predictive Value 0.97 (CI 95% 0.89- 0.99), Negative Predictive Value 0.94 (CI 95% 0.84-0.98), Possitive Likelihood Ratio 23.39 (CI 95% 6.09-89.74), and Negative Likelihood Ratio 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.14). The results for moderate to severe gastritis : Sensitivity 0.93 (CI 95% 0.82-0.98), Specificity 0.94 (CI 95% 0.86-0.98), Possitive Predictive Value 0.91 (CI 95% 0.79-0.96), Negative Predictive Value 0.96 (CI 95% 0.88-0.99), Possitive Likelihood Ratio 16.54 (CI 95% 6.32-43.28), and Negative Likelihood Ratio 0.05 (CI 95% 0.02-0.21).

Conclusion: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy feature has good accuracy to diagnose the grading of chronic gastritis."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Fibrosis hati yang diakibatkan oleh stres oksidatif ROS dan transformasifaktor pertumbuhan beta 1 TGF?-1 menjadi salah satu target dalam pencegahan danpengobatan fibrosis hati. Rumput laut coklat Turbinaria decuren diketahui mengandungfukoidan yang bersifat ionik memiliki bioaktivitas berdasarkan spesies dan berat molekulnamun belum diteliti secara intensif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan membuktikanefek antifibrosis ekstrak T. decuren terkarakterisasi eTkar melalui penghambatan aktivitasTGF-?1, MMP 13 dan Smad3 serta pengaruhnya terhadap decorin.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di Labkesda Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Laboratorium HistologiFKUI, Laboratorium Farmakologi FKUI dan Laboratorium Terpadu FKUI. EkstrakT.decuren terkarakterisasi eTkar hasil penelitian tahap I akan diuji efeknya sebagaiantifibrosis melalui mekanisme preventif dan kuratif pada tikus jantan galur SpragueDawley SD yang diinduksi dengan CCl4. 50 dosis 1 ml/100 gram BB dua kali seminggselama 8 minggu. Enam puluh duatikus jantan galur SD dibagi 2 kelompok uji yaitu A: ujipreventif dan B: uji kuratif, masing-masing dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok perlakuan secaraacak. eTkar diberikan pada dosis 27,5, 55, 110 mg/kg BB p.o. Pada uji preventif eTkardiberikan 1 minggu sebelum dan 7 minggu bersamaan pemberian CCl4.. Pada pengujian kuratif diberikan CCl4 selama 2 minggu dan 6 minggu secara bersamaan dengan sampel uji.Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan: ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, MDA, GSH, protein total, TGF?-1,Smad3, MMP 13, decorin dan pemeriksaan histopatologi jaringan hati. Sebagaipembanding positif digunakan fukoidan 50 mg/Kg BB.Hasil: Pada uji preventif dosis eTkar yang mampu menekan luas fibrosis hati tertinggiadalah 27,5 mg/kg BB sebesar 69,89 lebih tinggi dari fukoidan dan berbeda bermaknadengan kontrol - . Pada dosis ini juga mampu menekan secara bermakna aktivitas TGF?1,MMP 13, ekspresi Smad3, decorin dan meningkatkan kadar GSH secara bermaknadibanding kontrol - , tetapi tidak bermakna untuk MDA. Pada uji kuratif, eTkar dosis 55mg/Kg BB mampu menekan persentase luas fibrosis hati sebesar 62,05 yang berbedabermakna dibanding kontrol - p

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ABSTRACT

Introduction. Liver fibrosis due to oxidative stress ROS and transforming growth factor beta 1 TGF 1 became one of the targets in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. The brown seaweed T.decurens fucoidan containing ionic compounds have a potent bioactive potentials, which depends on species and molecular weight. but still unknown mechanism of action in inhibiting liver fibrosis. This study was conducted in order to prove the effect of the extract antifibrosis characterized by constraints on the expression of protein TGF 1, Smad3 and its effect on protein MMP 13 and decorin.

Method: The study was conducted in Labkesda DKI Jakarta province, Histology Laboratory, Pharmacology Laboratory and Integrated Laboratory School of Medicine FKUI. Characterized extracts brown seaweed T.decuren eTkar of the results of the phase I study was studied to investigate their effect as antifibrosis in animal model of fibrosis through preventive and curative mechanism on male rats Sprague Dawley SD induced by CCl by 50 CCl ndash 1 mL kg BW twice a week for 8 weeks p.o. Sixty two male rats SD divided into 2 groups, namely A test test preventive and B test curative. Each divided into 7 treatment groups at random. eTkar was given a three level doses, i.e 27,5, 55, 110 mg kg BW p.o. At preventive mechanism, eTkar was delivered for 1 week before and 7 weeks of concurrent CCl 4 administration. On curative mechanism, eTkar was delivered the last 6 weeks for 8 weeks CCl 4 adminstration simulaneously. The test parameters were biomarkers of liver injury ALT, AST, MDA and GSH liver , liver function ALP, GGT and albumin , 4 the degree of fibrosis fibrosis area, TGF 1 and MMP 13 activities, Smad and decorin expression, fatty area hispatologically . Fucoidan was used as positive control at the dose of 50 mg Kg BW.

Results: In the preventive method, the optimum dose of eTkar capable to suppress liver fibrosis was 27,5 mg kg BW by 69,89 of CCl group which was better than comercial fucoidan and significanly different. At this dose eTkar was able to significanly suppress the 4 activity TGF 1, MMP 13, expression Smad3 decorin and increase GSH level significanly different to group p."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: COX-2 adalah mediator sintesis prostaglandin yang kadarnyameningkat pada tumor kolorektal. Gen messenger RNA COX-2 diekspresikanberlebihan pada sebagian besar tumor kolorektal. MessengerRNA COX-2 tinjamerupakan modalitas non invasif untuk mendeteksi lesi neoplastik kolorektal.Tujuan: Mengetahui akurasi ekspresi mRNA COX-2 tinja dalam mendiagnosislesi neoplastik kolorektal.Metode: Studi potong lintang pada pasien yang dicurigai kanker kolorektal.Ekspresi mRNA COX-2 tinja diperiksa dengan nested PCR dan hasilnyadianalisis untuk mendapatkan akurasi uji diagnostik.Hasil: Terdapat total 96 sampel yang ikut serta dalam penelitian dengan reratausia 56,22 tahun. Sampel dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 51 orang danperempuan sebanyak 45 orang. Sebanyak 14 sampel merupakan pasien denganlesi neoplastik kolorektal dan 82 pasien bukan dengan lesi neoplastik kolorektal.Akurasi diagnostik mRNA COX-2 tinja adalah sebagai berikut, sensitivitas 35,71% (95% IK 0,04 ? 0,29), spesifisitas 95,12 % (95% IK 0,85 ? 0,97), nilai prediksipositif 55,55 % (95% IK 0,16 ? 0,75), nilai prediksi negatif 89,65 % (95% IK 0,61? 0,80), ratio kemungkinan positif 7,439 (95% IK 0,2 ? 16,34), ratio kemungkinannegatif 0,6758 (95% IK 0,72 ? 1,24).Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan mRNA COX-2 tinja memiliki sensitivitas yang rendahdan spesifisitas yang tinggi untuk mendeteksi lesi neoplastik kolorektal.Kata kunci: Akurasi diagnostik; kanker kolorektal; mRNA COX-2 tinja.

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ABSTRACTBackground : COX-2 is the mediator of prostaglandin synthesis that increased incolorectal cancer. COX-2 has overexpressed in most of colorectal cancer. FecalmRNA COX-2 is the non-invasive modality to detect neoplastic lesion ofcolorectal.Objective:Analyzing the accuracy of fecal mRNA COX-2 in diagnosingneoplastic lesion of colorectal.Methods : This is a cross sectional study in patient who is suspected colorectalcancer. Expression of fecal mRNA COX-2 examined with nested PCR andanalyzed to get the diagnostic test accuration.Results: There were 96 total samples included in this research, with the mean ageof 56,22 years old. There were 51 male subjects and 45 female subjects, 14subjects with neoplastic lesion of colorectal and 82 subjects without neoplasticlesion of colorectal. Fecal mRNA diagnostic accuration is sensitivity 35,71 %(95% IK 0,04 ? 0,29), spesificity 95,12 % (95% IK 0,85 ? 0,97), positivepredictive value 55,55 % (95% IK 0,16 ? 0,75), negative predictive value 89,65 %(95% IK 0,61 ? 0,80), positive likelihood ratio 7,439 (95% IK 0,2 ? 16,34),negative likelihood ratio 0,6758 (95% IK 0,72 ? 1,24).Conclusion : Fecal mRNA COX-2 assay has low sensitivity and high specificityto detect neoplastic lesion of colorectal.Keyword: Colorectal cancer; diagnostic accuration; fecal mRNA COX-2."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Diagnosis Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) masih didasarkan pada pemeriksaan invasif (endoskopi dan histopatologi). Fecal calprotectin merupakan petanda inflamasi intestinal non invasif yang dapat digunakan untuk membedakan IBD dengan penyakit intestinal non inflamasi, namun studi-studi yang ada masih memberikan perbedaan nilai diagnostik dan hubungannya dengan derajat IBD.Tujuan : Membuktikan bahwa pemeriksaan fecal calprotectin memiliki nilai diagnostik yang tinggi untuk mendiagnosis IBD serta berhubungan dengan derajat IBD. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang untuk melakukan uji diagnostik. Penelitian dilakukan di beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta mulai bulan September 2014 sampai Februari 2015. Kurva ROC dibuat untuk mendapatkan nilai diagnostik fecal calprotectin dan uji Krusskal Wallis untuk menilai perbedaan kadar fecal calprotectin menurut derajat IBD.Hasil : Terdapat 71 pasien IBD berdasarkan pemeriksaan kolonoskopi diikutkan dalam penelitian. Dari pasien tersebut didapatkan sebanyak 57 pasien ditetapkan definite IBD berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Kadar fecal calprotectin lebih tinggi bermakna pada pasien IBD dibanding yang bukan IBD (553,8 μg/g vs 76,95 μg/g, p < 0,001). Didapatkan nilai titik potong 179,3 μg/g dengan sensitivitas 96% (IK 95% 0,88-0,99), spesifisitas 93% (IK 95% 0,69-0,99) dan Area Under Curve (AUC) 99,5% (IK 95% 0,98-1,00). Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna kadar fecal calprotectin pada masing-masing derajat IBD (p < 0,001).Kesimpulan : Pemeriksaan fecal calprotectin memiliki nilai diagnostik yang tinggi untuk mendiagnosis IBD serta berhubungan dengan derajat IBD.

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ABSTRACT

Background : Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still based on invasive examination such as endoscopy and biopsy. Fecal calprotectin as a intestinal inflammation marker can used for diagnosis, but studies still had different diagnostic value and it?s correlation with grading of IBD.

Objective : Proving that fecal calprotectin have a high diagnostic value for IBD and correlation with grading of IBD. Methods : A cross sectional study for diagnostic of IBD. This study was conducted at several Hospitals in Jakarta from September 2014 until February 2015. A curve of ROC to determined diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin and Krusskal Wallis analysis to assessed of different value of fecal calprotectin according grade of IBD were made.

Results : Based on colonoscopy, 71 patient IBD were participated in this study. There were 57 patient diagnosis as definite IBD based on histopathology examination. Value of fecal calprotectin for IBD patient was higher than non IBD (553.8 μg/g vs 76.95 μg/g, p < 0,001). Value of fecal calprotectin was 179.3 μg/g as a new cutoff value with sensitivity 96% (CI 95% 0.88-0.99), specificity 93% (CI 95% 0.69-0.99) and Area Under Curve (AUC) 99.5% (CI 95% 0.98- 1.00) for diagnostic IBD. There was significant differences value of fecal calprotectin according every grade of IBD ( p < 0.001 ).

Conclusion : Fecal calprotectin has a high diagnostic value for IBD and correlated with grading of IBD."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Pada penderita Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) terdapat defek pada sel T regulator baik dalam hal jumlah maupun fungsi sel T regulator. Pemberian probiotik dalam hal ini pemberian Lactabacillus reuteri diharapkan mampu menstimulasi timbulnya respon imun yang bersifat imunoregulator dengan cara meningkatkan jumlah sel T regulator dan menurunkan produksi IL6. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik terhadap toleransi sistem imun penderita SLE melalui perubahan kadar T regulator (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) dan IL 6. Metode :30 subjek pasien SLE dengan manifestasi ringan yang datang ke poliklinik Alergi Imunologi RSCM, diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri (15 orang) dan placebo (15 orang) selama 8 minggu. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ dan IL 6 diperiksa sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan flowcytometri dan pemeriksaan ELISA. Hasil : Pemberian Lactobacillus reuteri selama 8 minggu meningkatkan kadarCD4+CD25+FoxP3+secara bermakna (1,38+ 8,36% VS 3,71+3,17% ; P=0,007 ; CI =-3,91 ? -0,74) . Terdapat penurunan kadar IL 6 setelah perlakuan, baik pada kelompok yang diberikan Lactobacillus reuteri (4,76+5,75 pg/ml VS 3,7 +3,36 pg/ml ; P=0,25 ; CI -0,83- 2,9) maupun pada kelompok placebo ( 2,6+2,02 pg/ml VS 2,07+2,39 ; P= 0,35 ; CI = -0,57 ? 1,52). Namun begitu, pada akhir penelitian perubahan tersebut tidak menimbulkan perbedaan bermakna kadar CD4+CD25+FoxP3+dan IL 6antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan :Terjadi peningkatan bermakna kadar CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ pada kelompok yang diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri selama 8 minggu.

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ABSTRACTBackgroud : In patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) there areabnormality on T lymphocytes, including the existence of a defect in the regulatory Tcells both in terms of number and function. Giving probiotic, in this caseLactabacillus reuteri administration, is expected to stimulate the immune response tobe more tolerance by increasing the number of regulatory T cells and decreasing theIL6 production.Aim : To know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri ) on the immune systemof patients with SLE through changes in the levels of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and IL 6Method :Thirty ofSLE patients with mild manifestations, who came to Allergy andImmunology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, were given the probioticLactobacillus reuteri (15 people) and placebo (15 people) for 8 weeks. CD4+ CD25 +FoxP3+ and IL 6 were examined before and after exposure using flowcytometri andELISA. We then analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + and IL6 before andafter exposure.Result : Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri for 8 weeks brought statisticallysignificant improvement on CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3 +level (1,38+ 8.36% + 3.17% vs.3.71; P = 0.007; CI = -3.91 - -0.74). There were decreased level of IL 6 inLactobacillus reuteri group (4.76 + 5.75 pg / ml VS3,71 + 3.36 pg / ml; P = 0.25; CI -0,83- 2, 9) and the placebo group (2.6 + 2.02 pg / ml vs. 2.07 + 2.39; P = 0.35; CI = -0.57 - 1.5). However,at the end of study, those changes didn?t make statisticallysignificant difference of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and IL 6 level between two group.Conclusion : A significant increase of the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + were foundafter 8 weeks Lactobacillus reuteri administration, Backgroud : In patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) there areabnormality on T lymphocytes, including the existence of a defect in the regulatory Tcells both in terms of number and function. Giving probiotic, in this caseLactabacillus reuteri administration, is expected to stimulate the immune response tobe more tolerance by increasing the number of regulatory T cells and decreasing theIL6 production.Aim : To know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri ) on the immune systemof patients with SLE through changes in the levels of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and IL 6Method :Thirty ofSLE patients with mild manifestations, who came to Allergy andImmunology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, were given the probioticLactobacillus reuteri (15 people) and placebo (15 people) for 8 weeks. CD4+ CD25 +FoxP3+ and IL 6 were examined before and after exposure using flowcytometri andELISA. We then analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + and IL6 before andafter exposure.Result : Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri for 8 weeks brought statisticallysignificant improvement on CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3 +level (1,38+ 8.36% + 3.17% vs.3.71; P = 0.007; CI = -3.91 - -0.74). There were decreased level of IL 6 inLactobacillus reuteri group (4.76 + 5.75 pg / ml VS3,71 + 3.36 pg / ml; P = 0.25; CI -0,83- 2, 9) and the placebo group (2.6 + 2.02 pg / ml vs. 2.07 + 2.39; P = 0.35; CI = -0.57 - 1.5). However,at the end of study, those changes didn’t make statisticallysignificant difference of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and IL 6 level between two group.Conclusion : A significant increase of the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + were foundafter 8 weeks Lactobacillus reuteri administration]"