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Ruth Evelin Margaretha
"Latar belakang : Blok perifer yang digunakan saat pasien teranestesi akan mengurangi kebutuhan anestesia dan analgesia selama pembedahan, dan mengurangi kebutuhan opioid sebagai analgetik pasca operatif. Berkurangnya pemakaian opioid intraoperatif akan mengurangi morbiditas pasca operatif yang berkaitan dengan opioid. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran BPSS menggunakan bupivakain 0,5% dalam mengurangi konsumsi fentanil intraoperatif, stabilitas hemodinamik intraoperatif, dan kecepatan waktu pulih pada timpanomastoidektomi dalam anestesia umum.
Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal pada 32 pasien usia 19-65 tahun, ASA I-III dengan berat badan 35-80 kg, yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok BPSS dan kelompok kontrol. Pada kelompok BPSS dilakukan BPSS sebelum induksi menggunakan bupivakain 0,5%. Pada kelompok kontrol dilakukan anestesia umum tanpa BPSS. Anestesia dipertahankan dengan FGF 0,8-1,6 lpm, compress air:O2 (konsentrasi O2 40%); isofluran ± 1 MAC dan atrakurium 0,25 mg/kgBB setiap 30 menit untuk menjaga nilai BIS 45-60. Fentanil diberikan setiap ada peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik atau frekuensi nadi ≥ 20% dari nilai 5 menit sebelumnya. 30 menit sebelum operasi selesai diberikan parasetamol 1 gram iv dan ondansetron 4 mg iv.
Hasil : Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan median konsumsi fentanil intraoperatif kelompok BPSS lebih rendah bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol {(150 mcg vs 262,5 mcg), p<0,001)}. Perbedaan median TDS antara kelompok BPSS dan kelompok kontrol bermakna secara statistik psaat insisi { 104 (90-112) vs 120 (110-130), p<0,001}, dan median frekuensi nadi kelompok BPSS lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol {68 (62-86) vs 80 (68-100); p<0,001}.
Simpulan : BPSS menggunakan bupivakain 0,5% sebelum induksi mengurangi konsumsi fentanil intraoperatif, menekan respon hemodinamik terhadap insisi kulit, dan mempercepat waktu pulih.

Background : The peripheral nerve block which is used in combination with general anesthesia will reduce anesthesia and analgesia requirement intraoperatively. The reduction in opioid consumption will reduce pasca operative morbidity which is related to opioid. The aim of this study was to assess the role of superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) using bupivakain 0,5% before induction in reducing fentanyl consumption, stabilized intraoperative hemodynamic, and reach early emergence in tympanomastoidectomy under general anesthesia.
Methods : The design of this study is single blind randomized clinical trial. The study was done to 32 consenting ASA I-III patients, 13-65 years old, with body weight 35-85 kg which were randomized to be SCPB group and control group. SCPB was done in block SCPB before induction using bupivacaine 0,5%. General anesthesia without SCPB was done in control group. Anesthesia was maintained with FGF 0,8-1,6 lpm, compress air:O2 with O2 consentration 40%, isoflurane ± 1 MAC, and atracurium 0,5 mg/kgBW every 30 minutes to keep BIS level 45-60. Fentanyl intermittent was given intraoperative due to 20% increased in SBP or heart rate from the data 5 minutes earlier. Paracetamol 1 g iv and ondansetron 4 mg iv were given 30 minutes before the end of the surgery.
Results : During surgery the median fentanyl consumption were significantly reduced in SCPB group compared with control group {(150 mcg vs 262,5 mcg), p<0,001)}, and during skin incision, the median SBP and the median heart rate were significantly reduced in SCPB group compared with control group { 104 (90-112) vs 120 (110-130), p<0,001} and {68 (62-86) vs 80 (68-100); p<0,001}. The median emergence time were also significantly reduced in SCPB group compared with control group {(10 minutes vs 20 minutes), p<0,001)}.
Conclusion : SCBP using bupivacaine 0,5% before induction reduced the fentanyl consumption intraoperative, more stabilized hemodynamic in response to skin incision and provided more rapid awakening.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sandhi Prabowo
"LATAR BELAKANG: Anestesia umum yang merupakan teknik standar pembiusan pada timpanomastoidektomi memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Nyeri post operatif dan efek samping mual-muntah (Post Operative Nausea Vomiting (PONV)) yang kerap terjadi pada operasi ini dapat meningkatkan morbiditas pasca operasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penambahan blok pleksus servikal superfisialis dengan bupivakain 0.5% sebagai analgesia postoperatif pada timpanomastoidektomi.
METODE : Tiga puluh dua pasien yang akan menjalani timpanomastoidektomi dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok dengan jumlah yang sama. Kelompok pertama (Grup BPSS+IV-PCT, n=16) menerima blok pleksus servikal superfisialis sebelum induksi. Kelompok kedua (Grup IV-PCT, n=16) tidak menerima blok pleksus servikal superfisialis. Sebelum operasi berakhir, kedua grup diberikan paracetamol 1 gram intravena (IV). Setelah ekstubasi, di ruang pemulihan dipasang Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) yang dipertahankan selama 24 jam di ruang perawatan dihitung sejak operasi dimulai. PCA berisi fentanil, dengan pengaturan demand dose (bolus) 1mcg/kgBB. Waktu pertama kali pasien menekan tombol PCA (T1), total fentanil PCA yang digunakan (mcg/kgBB), dan insidens PONV dicatat.
HASIL: Permintaan analgesia pertama pada Grup BPSS+IV-PCT lebih lama (1437.5 ± 10 minutes) dibandingkan dengan Grup IV-PCT (1310.63 ± 268.49 minutes). Pemakaian fentanil total pada Grup BPSS+IV-PCT lebih sedikit (0.06 ± 0.25mcg/kg) dibandingkan dengan Grup IV-PCT (0.31 ± 0.48 mcg/kg). Namun dari perhitungan statistik menunjukkan hampir tetapi tidak berhasil mencapai nilai p yang dianggap signifikan (p=0.056 and p=0.086). Di lain pihak insidens PONV menurun secara signifikan pada Grup BPSS+IV-PCT (P<0.001).
KESIMPULAN : Blok pleksus servikal superfisialis dengan bupivakain 0.5% sebagai analgesia postoperatif tidak lebih efektif bila dibandingkan dengan anestesia umum tanpa penambahan blok pada timpanomastoidektomi. Anestesia umum yang dikombinasi dengan blok pleksus servikal superfisialis secara signifikan berhasil menurunkan insidens PONV pada timpanomastoidektomi.

BACKGROUND: General anesthesia as a standard technique of anesthesia on tympanomastoidectomy has some disadvantages. Postoperative pain and side effects of nausea-vomiting (Post Operative Nausea Vomiting (PONV)) that often occurs in this operation may increase postoperative morbidity and length of treatment in the ward. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the addition of the superficial cervical plexus block with 0.5% bupivacaine as post operative analgesia in tympanomastoidectomy.
METHOD: Thirty two randomly selected patients presenting for elective tympanomastoidectomy were divided equally into two groups to receive either a cervical superficial plexus block with bupivacaine 0.5% (Group BPSS+IV-PCT, n=16) or general anesthesia alone without block (Group IV-PCT, n=16) as a control. Before surgery was ended, both group received paracetamol 1 gram intravenous (IV). After extubation in the recovery room, Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) was installed for 24 hours counted since the surgery was started. PCA was contained with fentanyl, with setting of demand dose (bolus) 1mcg/kgBW. First time analgesia request (T1), total fentanyl PCA consumption (mcg/kgBW), and PONV incidence were recorded.
RESULTS: First time analgesia request was longer (1437.5 ± 10 minutes) in Group BPSS+IV-PCT compared with Group IV-PCT (1310.63 ± 268.49 minutes). Total fentanyl PCA consumption was lower in Group BPSS+IV-PCT (0.06 ± 0.25mcg/kg) compared with Group IV-PCT (0.31 ± 0.48 mcg/kg). However, they approaches but fails to achieve a customary level of statistical significance (p=0.056 and p=0.086). In the other hand PONV incidence decreased significantly (P<0.01) in group BPSS+IV-PCT.
CONCLUSION: Cervical superficial plexus block with bupivacaine 0.5% as post operative analgesia was not more effective than general anesthesia alone without block in tympanomastoidectomy. General anesthesia combined with cervical superficial plexus block significantly resulted in less PONV compared with general anesthesia alone for tympanomastoidectomy.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ismail Hari Wahyu
"Penurunan kesadaran merupakan suatu keadaan darurat medis yang harus segera ditangani dengan tepat untuk mengurangi kerusakan lebih lanjut. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) yang digunakan untuk menilai tingkat kesadaran pada pasien penurunan kesadaran akan memberikan gambaran keparahan dari kerusakan otak dan memprediksi outcome.
Tujuan: Mengetahui ketepatan GCS dalam memprediksi outcome pada pasien dengan penurunan kesadaran di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSCM.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional, kohort prospektif. 116 pasien usia ≥ 18 tahun dengan Glasgow Coma Scale dibawah 15 saat tiba di IGD RSCM Jakarta. Glasgow Coma Scale sampel dinilai sebanyak 1 kali ketika pasien pertama kali diterima di IGD RSCM. Peneliti mengevaluasi outcome pasien dua minggu setelah masuk IGD RSCM berdasarkan kriteria Glasgow Outcome Scale. Hasil Rerata usia pasien 51,4 ± 16,4 tahun, median GCS 9 (3- 14).
Hasil: Glasgow Outcome Scale diklasifikasi menjadi bad outcome (meninggal dan disabilitas berat) 66 pasien (56,9%) dan good outcome (disabilitas sedang dan sembuh) 50 pasien (43,1%). Skor GCS pasien kelompok bad outcome berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok good outcome berdasarkan analisis statistik (p < 0,001). Skor GCS-E, GCS-M dan GCS-V masing-masing pasien kelompok bad outcome berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok good outcome berdasarkan analisis statistik (p < 0,001). Hasil regresi logistik, komponen GCS yang memiliki nilai prediksi terhadap outcome adalah komponen verbal dan membuka mata. Hasil uji kalibrasi skor GCS total dan skor GCS E+V memiliki kualitas yang baik. Hasil uji diskriminasi menunjukkan skor GCS total mempunyai nilai AUC 0,788 (IK95% 0,705-0,870). Skor GCS E+V mempunyai AUC 0,777 (IK95% 0,690-0,864). Titik potong GCS adalah ≤ 9. Uji Kappa antara dokter dan perawat terhadap skor GCS menunjukkan hasil yang sangat kuat Kappa 0,901 (p < 0,001).
Kesimpulan: Skor Glasgow Coma Scale mampu memprediksi outcome dengan tepat pada pasien dengan penurunan kesadaran di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSCM, karena memiliki kalibarasi dan diskriminasi yang baik.

Altered level of consciousness is a medical emergency that must be manage immediatly to reduce further damage. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess the level of consciousness in citically ill patients. GCS indicates the severity of brain damage and predictor of patient outcomes.
Objective: To assess accuracy of GCS in predicting outcome for patients with altered level of consciousness in Emergency Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Method: This study is a observational prospective cohort study. Samples were 116 patients aged ≥ 18 years with a Glasgow Coma Scale below 15 at the time of admisssion in the Emergency Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Glasgow Coma Scale was assessed when patients first arrived in the Emergency Department. To assess outcome, researchers used The Glasgow Outcome Scale. Glasgow Outcome Scale was reviewed 2 weeks after admission for every sample.
Results: The mean patient age was 51.4 ± 16.4 years, median GCS 9 (3-14). The Glasgow Outcome Scale classified into bad outcome (death and severe disability) 66 patients (56.9%) and good outcome (moderate disability and good recovery) 50 patients (43.1%). The difference in GCS score between both outcome group were statistically significant (p < 0,001). Each of patient's GCS-E, GCS and GCS-M-V in bad outcome groups differ significantly with good outcome group (p < 0,001). The results of logistic regression, GCS components that have predictive value to the outcome are verbal and eye opening component. Calibration test showed that total GCS score and GCS E+V score has good quality. The results of discrimination test showed total GCS score has a AUC of 0.788 (IK95% from 0.705 to 0.870). GCS score E+V has AUC of 0.777 (IK95% from 0.690 to 0.864). GCS's cut off point was ≤ 9. Kappa Test between doctors and nurses to the GCS score showed very strong results of Kappa 0.901 (p < 0,001).
Conclusion: Glasgow Coma Scale can predict outcome in patients with altered level of consciousness in the Emergency Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, because of its good calibration and discrimination.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Marpaung, Madeline F.N.
"[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang. Penyuntikan berulang pada prosedur anestesia spinal berkaitan dengan tingginya angka komplikasi dan ketidaknyamanan pasien. Sistem prediksi praoperatif yang akurat terhadap kemungkinan kesulitan penempatan jarum spinal dapat membantu mengurangi insiden penyuntikan berulang sehingga mengurangi risiko komplikasi terhadap pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketepatan prediksi kesulitan penempatan jarum spinal berdasarkan gambaran radiologis dan penanda anatomis pada pasien bedah urologi.
Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik terhadap pasien bedah urologi yang menjalani anestesia spinal di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan April sampai Mei 2015. Sebanyak 109 subyek diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling. Data pasien (usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, status fisik, gambaran radiologis vertebrae lumbal, dan kualitas penanda anatomis tulang belakang), jumlah penusukan kulit dan redireksi jarum spinal, serta angka kesulitan penempatan jarum spinal dicatat. Kesulitan penempatan jarum spinal ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah penusukan kulit dan redireksi jarum spinal. Variabel yang signifikan ditentukan melalui uji Pearson?s Chi-square dan uji Fisher, kemudian analisis multivariat dengan metode regresi logistik digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara kesulitan penempatan jarum spinal dengan variabel-variabel yang signifikan.
Hasil. Faktor usia memiliki hubungan yang bermakna hanya pada analisis bivariat (p=0,028). Kualitas penanda anatomis dan gambaran radiologis vertebrae lumbal memiliki nilai prediksi terhadap kesulitan penempatan jarum spinal (p=0,000 dan p=0,006). Hasil uji kalibrasi menunjukkan kualitas prediksi yang baik. Dari uji diskriminasi didapatkan AUC sebesar 0,84 (IK 95% 0,751-0,929).
Simpulan. Kualitas penanda anatomis dan gambaran radiologis vertebrae lumbal mampu memprediksi kesulitan penempatan jarum spinal dengan tepat pada pasien bedah urologi. ABSTRACT Background. Multiple attempts at spinal puncture have been related to many complications and patient discomfort. Accurate preoperative prediction of spinal needle insertion difficulty would reduce the incidence of multiple puncture and minimize the complications consequently. This study was designed to determine the accuracy of lumbar vertebrae radiological characteristics and spinal bony landmark quality in predicting the difficulty of spinal needle insertion in patients undergoing urologic procedure.
Methods. This was an analytic observational study in urologic patients scheduled for spinal anesthesia at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital between April and May 2015. A total of 109 subjects were included in the study by consecutive sampling. Patient data (age, sex, body mass index, physical status, radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae, and quality of spinal bony landmark), number of skin puncture and needle redirection, and the prevalence of spinal needle insertion difficulty were recorded. The first skin puncture success and number of needle redirection were used to assess the difficulty. Significant variables were first determined by Pearson?s Chi-square and Fisher test, and then multivariate analysis using logistic regression method tested the association of the skin puncture success and number of needle redirection with the significant variables.
Results. Age was significant only in bivariate analysis (p=0,028). The quality of spinal bony landmark and the radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae had predictive value on spinal needle insertion difficulty (p=0,000 and p=0,006 respectively). Calibration test showed that the prediction quality was good. The discrimination test resluted in AUC of 0,84 (CI 95% 0,751 to 0,929).
Conclusion. The quality of spinal bony landmark and the radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae were accurate in predicting the difficulty of spinal needle insertion in patients undergoing urologic procedure. ;Background. Multiple attempts at spinal puncture have been related to many complications and patient discomfort. Accurate preoperative prediction of spinal needle insertion difficulty would reduce the incidence of multiple puncture and minimize the complications consequently. This study was designed to determine the accuracy of lumbar vertebrae radiological characteristics and spinal bony landmark quality in predicting the difficulty of spinal needle insertion in patients undergoing urologic procedure.
Methods. This was an analytic observational study in urologic patients scheduled for spinal anesthesia at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital between April and May 2015. A total of 109 subjects were included in the study by consecutive sampling. Patient data (age, sex, body mass index, physical status, radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae, and quality of spinal bony landmark), number of skin puncture and needle redirection, and the prevalence of spinal needle insertion difficulty were recorded. The first skin puncture success and number of needle redirection were used to assess the difficulty. Significant variables were first determined by Pearson?s Chi-square and Fisher test, and then multivariate analysis using logistic regression method tested the association of the skin puncture success and number of needle redirection with the significant variables.
Results. Age was significant only in bivariate analysis (p=0,028). The quality of spinal bony landmark and the radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae had predictive value on spinal needle insertion difficulty (p=0,000 and p=0,006 respectively). Calibration test showed that the prediction quality was good. The discrimination test resluted in AUC of 0,84 (CI 95% 0,751 to 0,929).
Conclusion. The quality of spinal bony landmark and the radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae were accurate in predicting the difficulty of spinal needle insertion in patients undergoing urologic procedure. , Background. Multiple attempts at spinal puncture have been related to many complications and patient discomfort. Accurate preoperative prediction of spinal needle insertion difficulty would reduce the incidence of multiple puncture and minimize the complications consequently. This study was designed to determine the accuracy of lumbar vertebrae radiological characteristics and spinal bony landmark quality in predicting the difficulty of spinal needle insertion in patients undergoing urologic procedure.
Methods. This was an analytic observational study in urologic patients scheduled for spinal anesthesia at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital between April and May 2015. A total of 109 subjects were included in the study by consecutive sampling. Patient data (age, sex, body mass index, physical status, radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae, and quality of spinal bony landmark), number of skin puncture and needle redirection, and the prevalence of spinal needle insertion difficulty were recorded. The first skin puncture success and number of needle redirection were used to assess the difficulty. Significant variables were first determined by Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher test, and then multivariate analysis using logistic regression method tested the association of the skin puncture success and number of needle redirection with the significant variables.
Results. Age was significant only in bivariate analysis (p=0,028). The quality of spinal bony landmark and the radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae had predictive value on spinal needle insertion difficulty (p=0,000 and p=0,006 respectively). Calibration test showed that the prediction quality was good. The discrimination test resluted in AUC of 0,84 (CI 95% 0,751 to 0,929).
Conclusion. The quality of spinal bony landmark and the radiological characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae were accurate in predicting the difficulty of spinal needle insertion in patients undergoing urologic procedure. ]"
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Lisa Sanjaya
"LATAR BELAKANG: Sedasi dan analgesia yang baik diperlukan dalam prosedur Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Spektrum terapeutik propofol sebagai agen sedatif pilihan yang sempit bila dikombinasikan dengan opioid seperti fentanyl menyebabkan angka kejadian efek samping akibat sedasi terutama desaturasi oksigen yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efek ketamin (0,2 mg/kgBB) dengan fentanyl (1,5 mcg/kgBB) sebagai ajuvan propofol dalam mengurangi angka kejadian efek samping intrasedasi, serta mengetahui waktu discharge dan kebutuhan dosis propofol pada ERCP.
METODE: 36 pasien ERCP dengan usia 18-65 tahun, IMT 18-30 kg/m2 dan status fisik ASA 1-3 dirandomisasi. Satu kelompok (18 pasien) mendapatkan bolus ketamin 0,2 mg/kgBB, kelompok lainnya (18 pasien) mendapatkan bolus fentanyl 1,5 mcg/kgBB. Kedua kelompok selanjutnya menggunakan TCI propofol rumusan Schneider dengan target konsentrasi efek (Ce). Target Ce dimulai dari 2 mcg/ml dinaikkan 1 mcg/ml setiap menitnya (Ce maksimal 4 mcg/ml) hingga tercapai nilai IOC 45-60 yang dipertahankan selama prosedur berlangsung. Dilakukan pencatatan ada tidaknya kejadian desaturasi oksigen dan hipotensi, serta kebutuhan dosis propofol selama prosedur dan waktu discharge.
HASIL: Angka kejadian desaturasi oksigen pada kelompok ketamin-TCI propofol (11,1%) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok fentanyl-TCI propofol (55,6%) dan secara statistik bermakna (p<0,05). Sementara tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna pada angka kejadian hipotensi, kebutuhan dosis propofol dan waktu discharge antara kedua kelompok perlakuan.
SIMPULAN: Ketamin (0,2 mg/kgBB) lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan fentanyl (1,5 mcg/kgBB) dalam mengurangi angka kejadian efek samping intrasedasi terutama desaturasi oksigen pada prosedur ERCP.

BACKGROUND: Appropriate sedation and analgesia are needed in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures. The narrow therapeutic spectrum of propofol as a sedative agent if combined with opioid such as fentanyl causes quite high intrasedation events especially oxygen desaturation. This study aims to compare the effect of ketamine (0,2 mg/kgBW) and fentanyl (1,5 mcg/kgBW) as an adjuvant of propofol in reducing intrasedation adverse events, also to measure discharge time and propofol dosage requirement in ERCP procedures.
METHODS: 36 patients undergoing ERCP aged 18-65 years old, BMI 18-30 kg/m2 and ASA physical status 1-3 were randomized. First group (18 patients) received ketamine bolus (0,2 mg/kgBW), second group (18 patients) received fentanyl bolus (1,5 mcg/kgBW). Propofol TCI was then initiated in both groups with Schneider pharmacokinetic model and targeted effect concentration (Ce). The initial effect concentration was 2 mcg/ml increased by 1 mcg/ml every minute (Ce maximum 4 mcg/ml) until IOC value between 45-60 which would be maintained during the procedure. Any oxygen desaturation and hypotension event, propofol dosage requirement and discharge time were recorded.
RESULTS: Oxygen desaturation event in ketamine-propofol TCI group (11.1%) was lower than fentanyl-propofol TCI group (55.6%) and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). While there were no significant differences in hypotension event, propofol dosage requirement and discharge time in both groups.
CONCLUSION: Ketamine (0,2 mg/kgBW) was more effective than fentanyl (1,5 mcg/kgBW) in reducing intrasedation adverse events especially oxygen desaturation in ERCP procedures.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dwi Yulie Cynthia
"Latar Belakang : Penilaian kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan perioperatif anestesia cukup kompleks dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang melibatkan berbagai aspek kepuasan pasien, antara lain pemberian informasi, ketidaknyamanan dan ketakutan serta interaksi staf dan pasien. Kuesioner tersebut harus dilakukan validasi terlebih dahulu agar dapat diterapkan pada pasien di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mendapatkan tingkat kepuasan pasien dan mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan perioperatif anestesia di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Metode : Sebanyak 120 pasien pascaoperasi elektif ikutserta dalam penelitian dengan rancang potong lintang di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan menggunakan kuesioner kepuasan, di mana 30 pasien dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Penilaian kepuasan pasien dari perhitungan skor kepuasan dalam kuesioner.
Hasil : Kuesioner kepuasan yang digunakan memiliki validitas yang baik dengan nilai Cronbach alpha 0,923 dan koefisien korelasi 0,808-0,844 untuk item informasi, Cronbach alpha 0,335 untuk item ketidaknyamanan, Cronbach alpha 0,786 item ketakutan serta Cronbach alpha 1,000 item interaksi staf dan pasien. Kepuasan pasien terhadap pemberian informasi berhubungan bermakna dengan jenis pembiusan (p<0,05).
Kesimpulan : Pasien merasa puas terhadap pelayanan perioperatif anestesia terkait pemberian informasi, juga terkait dengan interaksi staf dan pasien.

Background : Measuring patient satisfaction on perioperative anesthesia care is complex, using questionnaires which consists on the aspects of patient satisfaction, such as giving information, discomfort, fear and staff-patient satisfaction. The aim of this study is getting to know the level of patient satisfaction and the correlation between the level of patient satisfaction with perioperative anesthetic care in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: A total of 120 elective postoperative patients participated in the study with a cross-sectional design in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital using a satisfaction questionnaire, in which 30 patients were tested on the validity and reliability. Assessment of patient satisfaction were done by calculating the satisfaction score in questionnaires.
Results: The satisfaction questionnaire used has good validity with Cronbach's alpha values of correlation coefficients 0.923 and 0.808 to 0.844 for the information items, Cronbach's alpha 0.335 for the discomfort items, Cronbach's alpha 0.786 for fear items and Cronbach's alpha 1,000 for staff and patient interaction items. Patient satisfaction on information was related to the type of anesthesia (p <0.05).
Conclusions : The patients satisfaction with the perioperative anesthetic care were related with the administration of information and the interaction of staff and patient.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Simamora, Mario
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang Pasien penurunan kesadaran merupakan salah satu kasus yang sering ditemui di Instalasi Gawat Darurat IGD Penilaian awal diperlukan untuk memberikan informasi kepada keluarga pasien mengenai kemungkinan yang akan terjadi dan membantu keluarga dalam pengambilan keputusan GCS telah menjadi salah satu penilaian yang digunakan untuk menilai luaran pasien penurunan kesadaran tetapi dinilai masih kurang dalam memprediksi luaran yang terjadi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai gabungan GCS tekanan darah sistolik dan umur dapat memprediksi luaran pasien penurunan kesadaran Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional kohort retrospektif 76 pasien penurunan kesadaran yang datang ke IGD RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Peneliti melakukan pencatatan penilaian Glasgow Coma Scale GCS tekanan darah sistolik dan umur saat pasien diperiksa di triase Luaran dinilai setelah dua minggu pasca kedatangan di IGD Hasil Hasil analisis bivariat pada GCS dan umur memperoleh hasil berbeda bermakna antara pasien kelompok luaran buruk dengan kelompok luaran baik p.
ABSTRACT
Background Patients loss of consciousness is one case that is often encountered in the Emergency Room ER The initial assessment is required to provide information to the patient 39 s family about the possibility that will happen and help families in decision making GCS has become one assessment used to assess outcomes of patients with loss of consciousness but is insufficient in predicting the outcome of some cases This study aims to assess the combined GCS systolic blood pressure and age can predict the outcome of patients with loss of consciousness Methods This was a retrospective cohort observational study 76 patients with loss of consciousness that comes into the ER RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Researchers conducted the recording of the Glasgow Coma Scale GCS systolic blood pressure and age when patients checked in triage Outcomes assessed after two weeks after arrival in the emergency room Results The results of the bivariate analysis on the GCS and ages get results significantly different between patients with poor outcome group with good outcome group p ."
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Hanif Rahim
"Salah satu komplikasi pascabedah yang sering dialami pasien geriatri adalah delirium. Insiden delirium pascabedah sangat beragam berkisar 3,6-28,3% dari seluruh pembedahan elektif. Delirium pascabedah berkaitan erat dengan komorbiditas, mortalitas dan peningkatan biaya serta lama perawatan di Rumah Sakit, oleh karena itu pencegahan terhadap kejadian delirum merupakan hal yang penting. Tekanan darah yang rendah dapat menyebabkan hipoperfusi area korteks dan subkorteks serebral. Keadaan ini diduga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya delirium. Adanya abnormalitas perfusi lobus frontal dan parietal otak juga diduga berhubungan erat dengan timbulnya delirium. Masih terdapat kontroversi terhadap pengaruh dari hipotensi intrabedah terhadap kejadian delirium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipotensi intrabedah terhadap kejadian delirium pascabedah pada pasien geriatri.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort prospektif terhadap 134 subjek penelitian selama Januari-April 2022 yang dialokasikan ke dalam kelompok dengan hipotensi (n=67) dan tanpa hipotensi (n=67) dikaji dari nilai tekanan darah, durasi hipotensi, dan pemberian topangan kardiovaskular. Penelitian menggunakan uji fungsi kognitif berupa CAM (Confusion Assesment Method) yang dilakukan 24 jam pascabedah.
Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi kejadian delirium pascabedah  dikaji dari nilai tekanan darah (Tekanan darah sistolik <90 mmHg dan Tekanan darah rerata <65 mmHg), durasi, dan pemberian topangan kardiovaskular bermakna secara statistik (p <0.05). Insidens kejadian delirium pascabedah pada pasien geriatri adalah 36.5%.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara hipotensi intrabedah terhadap kejadian delirium pascabedah pada pasien geriatri dikaji dari nilai tekanan darah, durasi, dan pemberian topangan kardiovaskular.

One of the postoperative complications that are often experienced by geriatric patients is delirium. The incidence of postoperative delirium varies widely, ranging from 3.6 to 28.3% of all elective surgeries. Postoperative delirium is closely related to comorbidities, mortality and increased costs and length of hospital stay, therefore prevention of delirium is important. Low blood pressure can cause hypoperfusion of the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. This situation is thought to cause delirium. The presence of perfusion abnormalities of the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain is also thought to be closely related to the onset of delirium. There is still controversy about the effect of intraoperative hypotension on the incidence of delirium. This study aims to determine the relationship between intraoperative hypotension and the incidence of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients.
Methods : This study is a prospective cohort study of 134 study subjects during January-April 2022 who were allocated to groups with hypotension (n=67) and without hypotension (n=67) assessed from the value of blood pressure, duration of hypotension, and cardiovascular support. The study used a cognitive function test in the form of CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) which was carried out 24 hours after surgery.
Results : In this study, the proportion of postoperative delirium incidence was assessed from the value of blood pressure (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and mean blood pressure <65 mmHg), duration, and the provision of cardiovascular support was statistically significant (p <0.05). The incidence of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients is 36.5%.
Conclusion : There is a relationship between intraoperative hypotension and the incidence of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients assessed from the value of blood pressure, duration, and the provision of cardiovascular support.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Febrina Alivia Wantania
"Latar Belakang: Hipotermia pascabedah seringkali terjadi pada pasien geriatri karena adanya penurunan fisiologi tubuh. Hipotermia pada pasien geriatri dapat berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas, lama rawat inap serta komplikasi pasca pembedahan yang lebih tinggi. Lingkungan kamar bedah di Indonesia, keterampilan operator dan ketersediaan obat anestesia berbeda dengan negara lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara jenis anestesia, jenis operasi, dan durasi operasi terhadap hipotermia pascabedah pada pasien geriatri di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional analitik retrospektif terhadap 95 pasien geriatri yang menjalani pembedahan dengan anestesia umum dan kombinasi anestesi umum regional di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan November 2018 Januari 2019. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien dengan usia lebih dari sama dengan 60 tahun dan menjalani prosedur bedah elektif. Kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien yang rekam medisnya tidak lengkap dan menjalani pembedahan dengan durasi kurang dari satu jam.
Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan prevalensi hipotermia pascabedah sebesar 63.15%. Hasil uji Fisher antara jenis anestesia dengan hipotermia pascabedah pada pasien geriatri menghasilkan nilai p sebesar 0.529. Hasil uji Chi Square antara jenis operasi dengan hipotermia pascabedah pada pasien geriatri menghasilkan nilai p sebesar 0.677. Hasil uji Chi Square antara durasi operasi dengan hipotermia pascabedah pada pasien geriatri menghasilkan nilai p sebesar 0.495.
Kesimpulan: Jenis anestesia, jenis operasi, dan durasi operasi tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan hipotermia pascabedah pada pasien geriatri.

Background: Postoperative hypothermia occurs in geriatric patients as their physiological functions have decreased. Hypothermia in geriatric patients can be associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, length of stay and higher post surgical complications. The operating room environment in Indonesia, operator skills and supply of anesthetic drugs are different from other countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between types of anesthesia, types of surgery, and duration of surgery with post surgery hypothermia in geriatric patients at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Methods: This was a retrospective analytic cross sectional study for 95 geriatric patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia and a combination of general regional anesthesia at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo in November 2018 January 2019. The inclusion criteria was patients older than 60 years old and undergoing elective surgical procedures. Exclusion criteria was patients whose medical records were incomplete and undergoing surgery with a duration of less than an hour.
Results: It was found that the prevalence of postoperative hypothermia was 63.5%. Fishers test results between types of anesthesia with postoperative hypothermia in geriatric patients resulted in P value of 0.529. Chi Square test results between types of surgery with postoperative hypothermia in geriatric patients resulted in P value of 0.677. Chi Square test results between the duration of surgery with postoperative hypothermia in geriatric patients resulted in P value of 0.495.
Conclusion: The types of anesthesia, types of surgery, and duration of surgery did not have a significant association with postoperative hypothermia in geriatric patients."
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Univeritas Indonesia, 2019
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Eko Wahyudi
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Kami mengevaluasi kegunaan dari pemeriksaan rasio jarak
hiomental (HMDR,hyomental distance ratio), yang didefinisikan sebagai rasio
dari jarak hiomental (HMD,hyomental distance) posisi kepala ekstensi maksimal
dengan posisi kepala netral, dalam memprediksi kesulitan visualisasi laring pada
pasien-pasien normal, yang dilakukan pemeriksaan prediktor-prediktor jalan
napas praoperasi dengan skor Mallampati dan jarak tiromental (TMD,
tyhyromental distance) sebagai pembanding.
Metode Penelitian : Praoperasi, kami menilai empat prediktor jalan napas pada
169 orang dewasa yang menjalani anestesi umum. Pelaku laringoskopi adalah
residen anestesiologi minimal tahun ke 2, dan menilai skor Cormack-Lehane(CL)
yang dimodifikasi. Sulit visualisasi laring (DVL,difficult visualization of the
larynx) didefinisikan sebagai CL derajat 3 atau 4. Titik potong optimal (The cutoff
point) untuk setiap tes ditentukan pada titik maksimal daerah di bawah
kurva dalam kurva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Skor Mallampati
dengan derajat ≥ 3 sebagai prediktor DVL. Untuk TMD ≤ 65 mm dianggap
sebagai prediktor DVL.
Hasil : Didapatkan 21 (12,4%) orang pasien dengan sulit visualisasi laring(DVL).
HMDR memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terkait dengan DVL. HMDR dengan
titik potong optimal 1,2 memiliki akurasi diagnostik yang lebih besar (dengan area
di bawah kurva 0.694), dibandingkan prediktor tunggal lainnya (P <0,05), dan
HMDR sendiri menunjukkan validitas diagnostik yang lebih besar (sensitivitas,
61,9%, spesifisitas, 69,6%) dibandingkan dengan prediktor lainnya.
Kesimpulan :HMDR dengan ambang batas uji 1,2 adalah prediktor klinis handal
dalam memprediksi kesulitan dalam visualisasi laring.

ABSTRACT
Background: We evaluated the usefulness of the hyomental distance (HMD) ratio
(HMDR), defined as the ratio of the HMD at the extreme of the head extension to
that in the neutral position, in predicting difficult visualization of the larynx
(DVL) in apparently normal patients, by examining the following preoperative
airway predictors: the modified Mallampati test, HMD in the
neutral position, HMD and thyromental distance at the extreme of head extension
and HMDR.
Methods : Preoperatively, we assessed the four airway predictors in 169 adult
patients undergoing general anesthesia. A second years resident, performed all of
the direct laryngoscopies and graded the views using the modified Cormack and
Lehane scale. DVL was defined as a Grade 3 or 4 view. The optimal cutoff points
for each test were determined at the maximal point of the area under the curve in
the receiver operating characteristic curve. For the modified Mallampati test,
Class ≥ 3 was predefined as a predictor of DVL. And thyromental distance (TMD)
≤ 65 mm was predefined as a predictor of DVL.
Results : The larynx was difficult to visualize in 21 (12,4%) patients. The HMDR
with the optimal cutoff point of 1.2 had greater diagnostic accuracy (area under
the curve of 0.694), with significantly related to DVL (P <0.05), and it alone
showed a greater diagnostic validity profile (sensitivity, 61,9%; specificity,
69,6%) than any other predictor.
Conclusions : The HMDR with a test threshold of 1.2 is a clinically reliable
predictor of DVL."
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2012
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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